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Approach to software development
Programming by permutation, sometimes called "programming by accident" or "shotgunning", is an approach to software development wherein a programming
Programming_by_permutation
Subpermutation of a longer permutation
theoretical computer science, a (classical) permutation pattern is a sub-permutation of a longer permutation. Any permutation may be written in one-line notation
Permutation_pattern
Mathematical version of an order change
In mathematics, a permutation of a set can mean one of two different things: an arrangement of its members in a sequence or linear order, or the act or
Permutation
Algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence
sequence by randomly drawing an element from the list until no elements remain. The algorithm produces an unbiased permutation: every permutation is equally
Fisher–Yates_shuffle
Type of (mathematical) permutation with no fixed element
cyclic permutation is a permutation consisting of a single cycle. In some cases, cyclic permutations are referred to as cycles; if a cyclic permutation has
Cyclic_permutation
(NIH) syndrome Premature optimization Programming by permutation (or "programming by accident", or "programming by coincidence") Reinventing the square
List of software anti-patterns
List_of_software_anti-patterns
computer science, a stack-sortable permutation (also called a tree permutation) is a permutation whose elements may be sorted by an algorithm whose internal
Stack-sortable_permutation
Class of error correction codes
Permutation codes are a family of error correction codes that were introduced first by Slepian in 1965. and have been widely studied both in Combinatorics
Permutation_code
Problem optimization method
between combinatorics of permutations and algorithms and geometry Stuart Dreyfus. "Richard Bellman on the birth of Dynamical Programming". Nocedal, J.; Wright
Dynamic_programming
Sorting algorithm
as permutation sort and stupid sort) is a sorting algorithm based on the generate and test paradigm. The function successively generates permutations of
Bogosort
Statistical test
Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), is a non-parametric multivariate statistical permutation test. PERMANOVA is used to compare
Permutational analysis of variance
Permutational_analysis_of_variance
1994 science fiction novel by Greg Egan
Permutation City is a 1994 science-fiction novel by Greg Egan that explores many concepts, including quantum ontology, through various philosophical aspects
Permutation_City
In the study of permutation patterns, there has been considerable interest in enumerating specific permutation classes, especially those with relatively
Enumerations of specific permutation classes
Enumerations_of_specific_permutation_classes
Method to solve optimization problems
and objective are represented by linear relationships. Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as mathematical optimization)
Linear_programming
Pair of positions in a sequence where two elements are out of sorted order
that are out of their natural order. Let π {\displaystyle \pi } be a permutation. There is an inversion of π {\displaystyle \pi } between i {\displaystyle
Inversion (discrete mathematics)
Inversion_(discrete_mathematics)
Type of programming language
A concatenative programming language is a point-free computer programming language in which all expressions denote functions, and the juxtaposition of
Concatenative programming language
Concatenative_programming_language
Permutation that reverses binary numbers
bit-reversal permutation is a permutation of a sequence of n {\displaystyle n} items, where n = 2 k {\displaystyle n=2^{k}} is a power of two. It is defined by indexing
Bit-reversal_permutation
Arrangement of amino acid sequence
A circular permutation is a relationship between proteins whereby the proteins have a changed order of amino acids in their peptide sequence. The result
Circular permutation in proteins
Circular_permutation_in_proteins
Statistical programming language
just one. R (programming language), derivative language based on S programming language that is partially backward compatible with S programs Chambers, John
S_(programming_language)
Mathematics problem
of the permutation. Every permutation can be decomposed into disjoint cycles, that is, cycles which have no common elements. The permutation of the first
100_prisoners_problem
Algorithms to complete a sudoku
Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming Multiple Authors. "Java Constraint Programming solver" (Java). JaCoP. Krzysztof Kuchcinski &
Sudoku_solving_algorithms
1998 esoteric programming language
Malbolge (/mælˈboʊldʒ/) is a public-domain esoteric programming language invented by Ben Olmstead in 1998, named after the eighth circle of hell in Dante's
Malbolge
Numeral system in combinatorics
to numbering permutations. It is also called factorial base, although factorials do not function as base, but as place value of digits. By converting a
Factorial_number_system
American game designer and programmer
frustrated with C++, the programming language Thekla used to create the game. He began designing and creating a new programming language. Full-time work
Jonathan_Blow
Sequence of integers
mathematics, a Langford pairing, also called a Langford sequence, is a permutation of the sequence of 2n numbers 1, 1, 2, 2, ..., n, n in which the two
Langford_pairing
Combinatorial algorithm
generates all of the permutations of n {\displaystyle n} elements. Each two adjacent permutations in the resulting sequence differ by swapping two adjacent
Steinhaus–Johnson–Trotter algorithm
Steinhaus–Johnson–Trotter_algorithm
Scheme for numbering permutations
way to encode each possible permutation of a sequence of n numbers. It is an instance of a scheme for numbering permutations and is an example of an inversion
Lehmer_code
Books about algorithms by Donald Knuth
Computer Programming (TAOCP) is a comprehensive multi-volume monograph (Volumes 1–7) written by the computer scientist Donald Knuth presenting programming algorithms
The Art of Computer Programming
The_Art_of_Computer_Programming
Polyhedron whose vertices represent permutations
Its vertex coordinates (labels) are the permutations of the first n natural numbers. Two permutations connected by an edge differ in only two places (one
Permutohedron
1999 studio album by Bill Laswell
engineering, programming Brenholts, Jim. "Permutation". Allmusic. Retrieved October 19, 2014. Sirota, Brent S. (March 31, 2000). "Bill Laswell: Permutation". Pitchfork
Permutation (Bill Laswell album)
Permutation_(Bill_Laswell_album)
Nonparametric test
0.CO;2-U. Neubert, K.; Brunner, E. (2007). "A studentized permutation test for the non-parametric Behrens-Fisher problem". Computational Statistics
Brunner_Munzel_Test
Concept in mathematics
sense that taking A to be a permutation matrix, the pair (P,Q) will be the pair of standard tableaux associated to the permutation under the Robinson–Schensted
Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence
Robinson–Schensted–Knuth_correspondence
Topics referred to by the same term
free dictionary. Block or blocked may refer to: Block programming, the result of a programming strategy in broadcasting W242BX, a radio station licensed
Block
Graph with tight clique-coloring relation
closely connected to the theory of linear programming and integer programming. Both linear programs and integer programs are expressed in canonical form as seeking
Perfect_graph
American inventor (1927–2002)
Herbert Marvin Ohlman (1927–2002) is the inventor of permutation indexing, or Permuterm and is one of the pioneers of Information Science and Technology
Herbert_Marvin_Ohlman
Combinatorial problem
of repeated elements by a single copy of that element.[citation needed] If x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } is a random permutation of the integers 1 , 2
Longest alternating subsequence
Longest_alternating_subsequence
Mathematical counting-out question
computer science and mathematics, the Josephus problem (or Josephus permutation) is a theoretical problem related to a certain counting-out game. Such
Josephus_problem
Programming language
Curry is a declarative programming language, an implementation of the functional logic programming paradigm, and based on the Haskell language. It merges
Curry_(programming_language)
Generalization of a magic square
"axial"-direction. Equal permutation along various axes can be combined by adding the factors 2axis. Thus defining all kinds of r-agonal permutations for any r. Easy
Magic_hypercube
Genetic operation used to add population diversity
be more probable than large ones, is only inadequately fulfilled by the two permutation mutations presented, since the lengths of the partial lists and
Mutation (evolutionary algorithm)
Mutation_(evolutionary_algorithm)
Function types qufunct - Pseudo-classic operators. Can only change the permutation of basis states. operator - General unitary operators. Can change the
Quantum_Computation_Language
Statistical test of whether two populations have equal means
smaller samples, where one could possibly perform Welch's t-test. A permutation and bootstrapped version of the Welch t-test has also been developed
Welch's_t-test
Type of matrix factorization
multiplication and matrix decomposition). The product sometimes includes a permutation matrix as well. LU decomposition can be viewed as the matrix form of
LU_decomposition
Mathematical computing environment
symbolic and numeric computing environment as well as a multi-paradigm programming language. It covers several areas of technical computing, such as symbolic
Maple_(software)
Field of machine learning
reinforcement learning algorithms use dynamic programming techniques. The main difference between classical dynamic programming methods and reinforcement learning
Reinforcement_learning
Method of encryption
In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition)
Transposition_cipher
9th episode of the 9th season of The Big Bang Theory
"The Platonic Permutation" is the ninth episode of the ninth season of The Big Bang Theory. The 192nd episode overall, it first aired on CBS on November
The_Platonic_Permutation
Endless sequence of integers
a n − a n − 1 | = n {\displaystyle |a_{n}-a_{n-1}|=n} This is not a permutation of the integers: the first repeated term is 42 = a 24 = a 20 {\displaystyle
Recamán's_sequence
Problem in computer science
for a non-square (rectangular) matrix, where it involves a complex permutation of the data elements, with many cycles of length greater than 2. In contrast
In-place_matrix_transposition
Product of numbers from 1 to n
mixed orders by subtracting two from the usual product formula for the factorial. The product rule for permutations was also described by 6th-century CE
Factorial
Conditional independence of exchangeable observations
exchangeable if the joint distribution of the sequence is unchanged by any permutation of a finite set of indices. In general, while the variables of the
De_Finetti's_theorem
Type of square matrix
successively reduce the number of non-zero cells in X by removing scalar multiples of permutation matrices until we arrive at the zero matrix, at which
Doubly_stochastic_matrix
Bijective correspondence in mathematics
Robinson–Schensted correspondence is a bijective correspondence between permutations and pairs of standard Young tableaux of the same shape. It has various
Robinson–Schensted correspondence
Robinson–Schensted_correspondence
Family of statistical methods based on sampling of available data
are: Permutation tests (also re-randomization tests) for generating counterfactual samples Bootstrapping Cross validation Jackknife Permutation tests
Resampling_(statistics)
American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1938)
Knuth created the WEB and CWEB computer programming systems designed to encourage and facilitate literate programming, and designed the MIX/MMIX instruction
Donald_Knuth
Type of sorting algorithm that works by comparing pairs of elements
gain enough information from the comparisons to identify the correct permutation. If the algorithm always completes after at most f ( n ) {\displaystyle
Comparison_sort
4×4×4 Rubik's cube variation
that the permutations resulting from rotating the cube without twisting it are considered identical, the number of permutations is reduced by a factor
Rubik's_Revenge
Mathematical concept and applications in software development
special kind of cyclic permutation, which in turn is a special kind of permutation. Formally, a circular shift is a permutation σ of the n entries in the
Circular_shift
Computer algebra system
Finite groups can be defined as groups of permutations and it is also possible to define finitely presented groups by specifying generators and relations.
GAP_(computer_algebra_system)
Computer science problem
\log n).} The largest clique in a permutation graph corresponds to the longest decreasing subsequence of the permutation that defines the graph (assuming
Longest increasing subsequence
Longest_increasing_subsequence
Address collision resolution scheme
addressing scheme in computer programming for resolving hash collisions in hash tables. Quadratic probing operates by taking the original hash index
Quadratic_probing
American mathematician (born 1969)
in a summer research program with Joseph Gallian at the University of Minnesota Duluth, which began her interest in permutation patterns. Next, she went
Zvezdelina_Stankova
field of genetic programming. For combinatorial problems, however, these and other operators tailored to permutations are frequently used by other EAs. Mutation
Genetic_operator
Stream cipher
two parts: A permutation of all 256 possible bytes (denoted "S" below). Two 8-bit index-pointers (denoted "i" and "j"). The permutation is initialized
RC4
DC Studios film by James Gunn
character like this, who's perceived as old-fashioned by many? There have been so many different permutations of the character throughout the years, so how could
Superman_(2025_film)
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
less important tokens to be diminished. Because self-attention alone is permutation-invariant, transformers inject positional information, typically through
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
Kantorovich in 1939. (Programming in this context does not refer to computer programming, but comes from the use of program by the United States military
Mathematical_optimization
Operator used to vary the programming of chromosomes from one generation to the next
combinatorial tasks, permutations are usually used that are specifically designed for genomes that are themselves permutations of a set. The underlying
Crossover (evolutionary algorithm)
Crossover_(evolutionary_algorithm)
Topics referred to by the same term
two concepts Primitive function or antiderivative, F′ = f Primitive permutation group Primitive root of unity; See Root of unity Primitive triangle,
Primitive
3D combination puzzle
last layer corner permutation algorithm), and finally the last three corners. The fastest move optimal online Rubik's Cube solver program uses Michael Feather's
Rubik's_Cube
Source code that alters its instructions to the hardware while executing
programming Monkey patch: a modification to runtime code that does not affect a program's original source code Extensible programming: a programming paradigm
Self-modifying_code
Count of permutations by cycles
kind arise in the study of permutations. In particular, the unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind count permutations according to their number of
Stirling numbers of the first kind
Stirling_numbers_of_the_first_kind
German mathematician
study of permutations, Rothe was the first to define the inverse of a permutation, in 1800. He developed a technique for visualizing permutations now known
Heinrich_August_Rothe
Cycle through all length-k sequences
in w by drawing a line. Number the columns as shown so we can read the cycles of the permutation: Starting from the left, the Standard Permutation notation
De_Bruijn_sequence
Open-source software library developed by Yandex
developed by Yandex. It provides a gradient boosting framework which, among other features, attempts to solve for categorical features using a permutation-driven
CatBoost
Number of ways to pair up n objects
(the Hosoya index) of a complete graph on n vertices, the number of permutations on n elements that are involutions, the sum of absolute values of coefficients
Telephone number (mathematics)
Telephone_number_(mathematics)
Unit of information
is primarily compelled by data over all other factors.[citation needed] Data-driven applications include data-driven programming, data-driven journalism
Data
Book on philosophy of mathematics
book published in 1986 by Springer-Verlag, is a survey of the whole of mathematics, including its origins and deep structure, by the American mathematician
Mathematics, Form and Function
Mathematics,_Form_and_Function
Polytope
polytope are the permutation matrices, and therefore that any doubly stochastic matrix may be represented as a convex combination of permutation matrices; this
Birkhoff_polytope
Problem of finding the best feasible solution
known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such as an integer, permutation or graph must be found from a countable set. A problem with continuous
Optimization_problem
Fast 8-bit hash function
requires only a few instructions, plus a 256-byte lookup table containing a permutation of the values 0 through 255. This hash function is a CBC-MAC that uses
Pearson_hashing
Problem of finding the longest simple path for a given graph
O(n^{4})} -time algorithm is known, which uses a dynamic programming approach. This dynamic programming approach has been exploited to obtain polynomial-time
Longest_path_problem
Probabilistic problem-solving algorithm
approximate randomization and permutation tests. An approximate randomization test is based on a specified subset of all permutations (which entails potentially
Monte_Carlo_method
Array representation in computer memory
structure) Comparison of programming languages (array) Index origin, another difference between array types across programming languages Matrix representation
Row-_and_column-major_order
In mathematics, invariant of square matrices
a_{n}|.} Yet more generally, any permutation of the columns multiplies the determinant by the sign of the permutation. If some column can be expressed
Determinant
Programming language evaluation rules
the execution order to be the sequential execution of an unspecified permutation of the arguments. OCaml similarly leaves the order unspecified, but in
Evaluation_strategy
Branch of mathematics that studies the properties of groups
group as a permutation group, acting on itself (X = G) by means of the left regular representation. In many cases, the structure of a permutation group can
Group_theory
Open-source data analysis software
visual programming front-end for exploratory qualitative data analysis and interactive data visualization. Orange is a component-based visual programming software
Orange_(software)
Difficulties arising when analyzing data with many aspects ("dimensions")
pairs created will grow by an order of factorial as the size of the pairs increase. The growth is depicted in the permutation table (see right). As we
Curse_of_dimensionality
routing problem might be identical. For a valid routing plan, every permutation of such identical vehicles yields another valid routing plan with the
Symmetry-breaking_constraints
Matrix in linear algebra
transpose. Specifically, the commutation matrix K(m,n) is the nm × mn permutation matrix which, for any m × n matrix A, transforms vec(A) into vec(AT):
Commutation_matrix
Probability of shared birthdays
two events are related by the equation P(B) = 1 − P(A). The probability P(A) can be computed using the perspective of permutations, as follows. Let V n
Birthday_problem
Number property of being positive or negative
mathematical or scientific objects, such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other
Sign_(mathematics)
Puzzle
An overall permutation that results in no change of state is referred to as an Identity Permutation. A program that allows permutation cycle length
Rubik's family cubes of varying sizes
Rubik's_family_cubes_of_varying_sizes
Open problem on 3x+1 and x/2 functions
Any cyclic permutation of (1 0 1 1 0 0 1) is associated to one of the above fractions. For instance, the cycle (0 1 1 0 0 1 1) is produced by the fraction
Collatz_conjecture
of a permutation group. A transformation semigroup of a set has a tautological semigroup action on that set. Such actions are characterized by being
Transformation_semigroup
Function for sorting in C++ standard library
Sort A while maintaining the relation with B, i.e., apply the same permutation to B that sorts A. Do the previous without copying the elements of A
Sort_(C++)
Universal reversible logic gate, applied in quantum computing
version where the bits are replaced by qubits. The truth table and permutation matrix are as follows (the permutation can be written (7,8) in cycle notation):
Toffoli_gate
Logic-based number-placement puzzle
essentially different solutions, when symmetries such as rotation, reflection, permutation, and relabelling are taken into account, is much smaller, 5,472,730,538
Sudoku
Abstraction of ordered linear algebra
in convex quadratic programming by Todd and Terlaky. It has been applied to linear-fractional programming, quadratic-programming problems, and linear
Oriented_matroid
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
Boy/Male
British, English
Lives by the Path by the Brook
Boy/Male
English
Lives by the path by the brook.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Munisansutasanstuta | à®®à¯à®¨à¯€à®¸à®‚ஸà¯à®¤à®¾à®¸à®‚ஸà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à®¾
Worshipped by sages
Munisansutasanstuta | à®®à¯à®¨à¯€à®¸à®‚ஸà¯à®¤à®¾à®¸à®‚ஸà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à®¾
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Trick; Power; Strategy; Solution by Logic; By Reasoning
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Blessed by God; Forgiven by God
Girl/Female
Indian
By heart
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nirved | நிரà¯à®µà¯‡à®¤
Gift by God
Nirved | நிரà¯à®µà¯‡à®¤
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, Norse
Farm by a Ditch; Town by the Ditch
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
By Thinking
Girl/Female
Indian
By consciousness
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dhanapriya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Loved by wealth
Dhanapriya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hridhya | ஹà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
By heart
Hridhya | ஹà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Modern, Sanskrit, Telugu
Loved by Buddha; Liked by Buddha
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Dwells by the Path by the Brook
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dhana Priya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Loved by wealth
Dhana Priya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Chethasaa | சேதாஸா
By consciousness
Chethasaa | சேதாஸா
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Boy/Male
Tamil
Omdutt | ஓமà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®¤Â
Given by God
Omdutt | ஓமà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®¤Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
Male
Japanese
(貞雄) Japanese name SADAO means "decisive man."
Female
Russian
(Сюзанна) Russian form of Greek Sousánna, SYUZANNA means "lily."
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Shiva; Lord Vishnu
Male
Gaelic
Old Gaelic byname DAIMHÃN means "little fawn, little stag."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Traditional
Goddes of the Woods
Boy/Male
Hindu
Happy, Thrilled, Overjoyed
Male
Irish
Variant spelling of Irish Gaelic Caémgen, CAOMHGHIN means "little comely one."Â
Male
Turkish
Turkish form of Persian Gulbahar, GÃœLBAHAR means "spring rose."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Noble Servant of Guru
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
PROGRAMMING BY-PERMUTATION
pref.
Against.
n.
A by-passage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert circulation from the usual course.
adv.
Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.
adv.
Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by.
n.
A law that is less important than a general law or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a constitution and by-laws for the government of their members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by by, meaning secondary or aside.
n.
One who stands near; one who is present; a bystander.
a.
Out of the common path; aside; -- used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line, by-place, by-play, by-street. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, by-business, by-concernment, by-design, by-interest, etc.
pref.
Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church.
n.
A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a corporation for its own government.
n.
An election held by itself, not at the time of a general election.
n.
A passing without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away; a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the go-by.
n.
One who, or that which, stands by one in need; something upon which one relies for constant use or in an emergency.
n.
One who goes by; a passer.
n.
Private end or view; by-interest.
pref.
Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty.
adv.
Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time.
pref.
On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.
a.
Past; gone by.
pref.
In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me.
pref.
With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force.