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Functionless relative of a gene
Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Pseudogenes can be formed from both protein-coding genes and non-coding
Pseudogene
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
numbers of transposable elements, endogenized viral DNA, non-functional pseudogenes and simple, highly repetitive sequences. Introns make up a large percentage
Human_genome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
SEC24 family, member A (S. cerevisiae) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC24A gene. The protein belongs to a protein family that are homologous
SEC24A
This is a list of human pseudogenes that are known to be disabled genes. NCF1C pseudogene, associated with a type of white blood cell. It is related to
List of disabled human pseudogenes
List_of_disabled_human_pseudogenes
Protein found in humans
Ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FTH1P3 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology
Ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3
Ferritin_heavy_chain_1_pseudogene_3
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Oral cancer overexpressed 1 pseudogene 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORAOV1P1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000251008 – Ensembl
Oral cancer overexpressed 1 pseudogene 1
Oral_cancer_overexpressed_1_pseudogene_1
Pseudogene in the species Mus musculus
component pseudogene is a mouse pseudogene with symbol 2700099C18Rik. "Entrez Gene: NDC80 homolog, kinetochore complex component pseudogene". National
2700099C18Rik
Pseudogene is a database of pseudogenes annotations compiled from various sources. Gene prediction Glossary of genetics Index of molecular biology articles
Pseudogene_(database)
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Gametogenetin binding protein 1 (pseudogene) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GGNBP1 gene. This gene is the ortholog of the mouse gametogenetin-binding
Gametogenetin binding protein 1 (pseudogene)
Gametogenetin_binding_protein_1_(pseudogene)
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 8 pseudogene 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the USP8P1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000214892 – Ensembl
USP8P1
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
LINE-1 type transposase domain containing 1 pseudogene 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the L1TD1P1 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National
L1TD1P1
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
NLR family pyrin domain containing 9 pseudogene 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP9P1 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center
NLR family pyrin domain containing 9 pseudogene 1
NLR_family_pyrin_domain_containing_9_pseudogene_1
Species of bacterium
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans. It is the
Bacillus_anthracis
Genus of beetles
genus Pseudogenes: Pseudogenes micheli Villiers, Quentin & Vives, 2011 Pseudogenes ornaticeps Fairmaire, 1894 "Catalogue of Life, Pseudogenes Fairmaire
Pseudogenes_(beetle)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
incomplete, therefore, TNXA a pseudogene that is transcribed but does not encode a protein. The presence of the pseudogene is a consequence of MHC class
Tenascin_X
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
NCF1C is a human pseudogene related to NCF1 (neutrophil cytosol factor 1), the latter being responsible for encoding the 47 kDA cytosolic subunit of NADPH
NCF1C
Species of beetle
Pseudogenes ornaticeps is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is native to Madagascar. "GBIF, Pseudogenes ornaticeps". Retrieved 2024-09-06
Pseudogenes_ornaticeps
Class of enzymes
infants, but others have failed to replicate this finding. Humans have a pseudogene for chymosin that does not generate a protein, found on chromosome 1.
Chymosin
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Pituitary tumor-transforming 3, pseudogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTTG3P gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213005 – Ensembl
PTTG3P_(gene)
Enzyme in humans
S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TPMT gene. A pseudogene for this locus is located on chromosome 18q. Thiopurine methyltransferase
Thiopurine_methyltransferase
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
BRCA1 pseudogene 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1P1 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information
BRCA1P1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Entrez Gene: Zonadhesin (gene/pseudogene)". Retrieved 2018-06-28. Gasper J, Swanson WJ (November 2006). "Molecular
Zonadhesin
Heightened sense of smell
individuals with a single nucleotide polymorphism variant in the OR11H7P pseudogene have a lower receptor activation threshold for isovaleric acid. These
Hyperosmia
Pseudogene in humans
Caspase 16, pseudogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CASP16P gene, but not translated. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000228146 – Ensembl
Caspase_16,_pseudogene
DNA that does not code for proteins
non-coding regions appear to be mostly nonfunctional, such as introns, pseudogenes, intergenic DNA, and fragments of transposons and viruses. Regions that
Non-coding_DNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
It is one of the most positively charged proteins in the human body. A pseudogene of this gene is located 4 kb downstream from the apoC-I gene in the same
Apolipoprotein_C-I
Human chromosome
1 (pseudogene) GMDS: GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (6p25.3) GTPBP2: encoding protein Gtp binding protein 2 HCG4P11: HLA complex group 4 pseudogene 11 HFE:
Chromosome_6
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1 pseudogene 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPD1P2 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National
Heat shock protein family d (hsp60) member 1 pseudogene 2
Heat_shock_protein_family_d_(hsp60)_member_1_pseudogene_2
Patient with little to no pain or negative affect
in the gene encoding fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and one in the pseudogene FAAH-OUT modulating FAAH expression, which are theorized to be responsible
Jo_Cameron
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1, pseudogene 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGK1P2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213290 – Ensembl
PGK1P2
comparison to related species may be due to loss of functionality in the pseudogene called KRT41P (which helps produce keratin) in the human lineage about
Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
Prehistory_of_nakedness_and_clothing
Pseudogene in humans
are part of the sialic acid family. The CMAH equivalent in humans is a pseudogene (CMAHP); there is no detectable Neu5Gc in normal human tissue. This deficiency
CMAH
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
SSX family member 6, pseudogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX6 gene. This gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial
SSX6
Human chromosome
C-4 to C-12 straight chain ACTG1P6: encoding protein Actin, gamma 1 pseudogene 6 ACTL8: Actin-like 8 ADGRL2 (1p31.1): adhesion G protein-coupled receptor
Chromosome_1
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
CCCH-type, RNA binding motif and serine/arginine rich 1, ZRSR1, ZRSR2 pseudogene 1 External IDs OMIM: 601079; GeneCards: ZRSR2P1; OMA:ZRSR2P1 - orthologs
ZRSR1
Glucosidase, beta; acid, pseudogene, also known as GBAP, is a human gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160766 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human PubMed
GBAP1
Process in computational biology
between pseudogenes and genes, such as a reduced count of CpG islands in pseudogenes, or the differences in G-C content between pseudogenes and their
Gene_prediction
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. The gene has been designated MRE11A to distinguish it from the pseudogene MRE11B that is nowadays named MRE11P1. This gene encodes a nuclear protein
MRE11A
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Hemoglobin, beta pseudogene 1 is a human pseudogene with symbol HBBP1. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National
HBBP1
Protein of the immune system
polymorphic HLA-E (HLA-E) HLA-F (HLA-F) HLA-G (HLA-G) HLA-K (pseudogene) HLA-L (pseudogene) The MHC class I genes originated in the most recent common
MHC_class_I
Keratin structure in whales, used for flexible stiffening
produce tooth enamel because at some point this trait evolved to become a pseudogene. This is likely to have occurred about 28 million years ago and proves
Baleen
Enzyme involved in the synthesis of vitamin C
O2 H2O2 O2 H2O2 Vitamin C The non-functional gulonolactone oxidase pseudogene (GULOP) was mapped to human chromosome 8p21, which corresponds to an evolutionarily
L-gulonolactone_oxidase
Pseudogene Comment FABP3P2 FABP5P1 FABP5P2 FABP5P3 FABP5P4 FABP5P5 FABP5P6 FABP5P7 FABP5P8 FABP5P9 FABP5P10 FABP5P11 FABP5P12 FABP5P13 FABP5P14 FABP5P15
Fatty_acid–binding_protein
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Keratin 126 pseudogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT126P gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information
KRT126P
Genome research project
transcribed variants, non-coding loci with transcript evidence, and pseudogenes. GENCODE is currently progressing towards its goals in Phase 2 of the
GENCODE
Medical condition
the intact SBDS gene and its pseudogene copy aberrantly recombine at meiosis, leading to an incorporation of pseudogene-like sequences into the otherwise
Shwachman–Diamond_syndrome
Database of nematode genomics
They can incorrectly predict a coding gene model where the gene is a pseudogene and they predict the isoforms of a gene poorly, if at all. The gene models
WormBase
Species of bear
of the giant panda. Although the pseudogenisation (conversion into a pseudogene) of the umami taste receptor in Ailuropoda coincides with the dietary
Giant_panda
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
humans no protein is expressed and it is present only as a pseudogene BPIFB5P. The pseudogene was named based on its functional ortholog found in the other
BPIFB5P
Soft, thick, hairy coat of a mammal
compared to related species may be due to loss of functionality in the pseudogene KRTHAP1 (which helps produce keratin). Although the researchers dated
Fur
Evolution of bitter taste receptors
the TAS2R gene family which contains 25 functional loci as well as 11 pseudogenes. The development of this gene has been well characterized, with proof
Bitter_taste_evolution
Cytokine
IFNω (IFNW1), IFNɛ (IFNE), IFNк (IFNK) and IFNβ (IFNB1), plus 11 IFN pseudogenes. Interferons bind to interferon receptors. All type I IFNs bind to a
Interferon_type_I
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase) pseudogene 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLULP4 pseudogene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000178723
GLULP4
Human traits which lost their original function through evolution
and the key genes involved in other mammals' VNO function have become pseudogenes in human beings. Therefore, while the presence of a structure in adult
Human_vestigiality
Protein found in humans
for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. L23a has been identified as
60S_ribosomal_protein_L23a
Human enzyme that hydroxylates steroids
and is encoded by the CYP21A2 gene which is located near the CYP21A1P pseudogene that has high degree of sequence similarity. This similarity makes it
21-Hydroxylase
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1-like
Methylcytosine_dioxygenase_TET1-like
Protein found in humans
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor pseudogene 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRP2 gene. ENSG00000273922, ENSG00000275289, ENSG00000284314
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor pseudogene 2
Leukocyte_immunoglobulin-like_receptor_pseudogene_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes X and Y in a possible pseudoautosomal region
Ring_finger_protein_19B
Process by which a genome changes in structure or size over time
has lost many once-functional genes over time due to the formation of pseudogenes. This is evident in looking at its closest ancestor Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Genome_evolution
Argument against assuming the existence of God
vitamin C, but humans cannot because the gene for this enzyme is defective (Pseudogene ΨGULO). Lack of vitamin C results in scurvy and eventually death. The
Argument_from_poor_design
Protein in humans
Y (pseudogene) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-Y gene. "Entrez Gene: Major histocompatibility complex, class I, Y (pseudogene)". Retrieved
HLA-Y
Bacterium that causes leprosy
completed in 2001, revealing 1604 protein-coding genes and another 1,116 pseudogenes. The genome sequence of a strain originally isolated in Tamil Nadu, India
Mycobacterium_leprae
Biosynthesis of glucose molecules
enzymes in Metazoa: evidence of multiple horizontal transfer events and pseudogene formation". Biology Direct. 1: 31. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-31. PMC 1630690
Gluconeogenesis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIc (gene/pseudogene) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGR2C gene. This gene encodes one of three members of
FCGR2C
Region of sexual chromosomes exhibiting an autosomal inheritance pattern
also known as SYBL1 CXYorf1, also known as FAM39A and now mapped to the pseudogene WASH6P, but of interest due to its proximity to the telomere. Pairing
Pseudoautosomal_region
Chemoreceptors expressed in cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons
number of functional OR genes. Additionally, pseudogenes may be functional; 67% of human OR pseudogenes are expressed in the main olfactory epithelium
Olfactory_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Aliases IFNL4, IFNAN, interferon, lambda 4 (gene/pseudogene), interferon lambda 4 (gene/pseudogene) External IDs OMIM: 615090; GeneCards: IFNL4; OMA:IFNL4
Interferon_lambda_4
Ribosomal RNA in the species Homo sapiens
Identifiers Aliases RNA18SP5, RNA, 18S ribosomal, RNA, 18S ribosomal pseudogene 5 External IDs GeneCards: RNA18SP5; OMA:RNA18SP5 - orthologs Orthologs
RNA,_18S_ribosomal
formerly KRTHAP1 (also known as ΨhHaA, h prefix for "human") is a human pseudogene that used to code for a keratin. It is believed to be responsible for
KRT41P
Domesticated subspecies of red junglefowl
final gene set contained 26,640 genes (including noncoding genes and pseudogenes), with a total of 19,119 protein-coding genes, a similar number to the
Chicken
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
paralogs of KIAA2013. KIAA2013 has one pseudogene found within Homo sapiens named LOC728138. The length of this pseudogene is 633 amino acid residues and it
KIAA2013
Dataset of protein-coding regions
contain premature stop codons, frame-shift indels, or likely polymorphic pseudogenes. Once these quality problems are identified, the CCDS collaborators report
Consensus_CDS_Project
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
likely to try cannabis, but less likely to become dependent. FAAH-OUT is a pseudogene downstream of the FAAH coding region. It expresses a long non-coding RNA
Fatty-acid_amide_hydrolase_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. The XBP1 gene is located on chromosome 22 while a closely related pseudogene has been identified and localized to chromosome 5. The XBP1 protein is
XBP1
Human chromosome
protein 1 (glutamate binding) GSDMC: encoding protein Gasdermin C GULOP pseudogene: responsible for human inability to produce Vitamin C HGH1: encoding protein
Chromosome_8
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
functional protein is expressed, therefore BPIFB4P is referred to as a pseudogene. However, a non-functional protein does appear; it known as BASE protein
BPIFA4P
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
27217. PMID 8910290. "Entrez Gene: NPY6R neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)". Rose PM, Lynch JS, Frazier ST, et al. (1997). "Molecular genetic analysis
Neuropeptide_Y_receptor_Y6
Class of enzymes
basis for deficient acetaminophen glucuronidation by cats: UGT1A6 is a pseudogene, and evidence for reduced diversity of expressed hepatic UGT1A isoforms"
Glucuronosyltransferase
Hereditary disease group
findings should be confirmed by genotyping. The p47phox mutation is due to a pseudogene conversion, hence it may not be detectable by standard sequencing; in
Chronic_granulomatous_disease
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
monogenic, oogenesis, paragenesis, pathogen, polygenous, progenesis, pseudogene, spermatogenesis gen- (GEN) beget Latin gignere, genitus, genus (genitive
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
Change in the heritable traits of populations
ancestral species, or other closely related species. Examples include pseudogenes, the non-functional remains of eyes in blind cave-dwelling fish, wings
Evolution
Protein-coding gene in humans
or by a closely related pseudogene, CYP2B7. Both the gene and the pseudogene are located in the middle of a CYP2A pseudogene found in a large cluster
CYP2B6
Popular science book
confirmed, as the human genome contains thousands of pseudogenes. An example is the pseudogene for L-gulonolactone oxidase, the enzyme which produces
Why_Evolution_is_True
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
RNA, Ro-associated Y4 pseudogene 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNY4P2 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology
Rna, ro-associated y4 pseudogene 2
Rna,_ro-associated_y4_pseudogene_2
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Histone cluster 2, H3, pseudogene 2, also known as HIST2H3PS2, is a human gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000273213 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human
HIST2H3PS2
In humans, there are 101 intact KRTAP genes and 21 (non-functional) pseudogenes. There are two major groups of KRTAP genes: high/ultrahigh cysteine (HS-KRTAP)
Keratin-associated_protein
Human chromosome
phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha PI4KAP2: pseudogene phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha pseudogene 2 PISD: encoding enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase
Chromosome_22
Protein found in humans
proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. There are 21 pseudogenes: RPL19P1, RPL19P2, RPL19P3, RPL19P4
60S_ribosomal_protein_L19
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
OR7-140, 7M1-2, olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily F member 1 (gene/pseudogene), olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily F member 1 External IDs OMIM:
OR2F1
Subfamily of mammals
Natalya; Ackermann, Rebecca R.; Khrapko, Konstantin (2022). "Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors"
Homininae
Type of nucleic acid sequence
themselves in the genome as pseudogenes. SINEs however should not be mistaken as RNA pseudogenes. In general, pseudogenes are generated when processed
Short interspersed nuclear element
Short_interspersed_nuclear_element
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
within introns and in regions with no known biological function (e.g. pseudogenes, retrotransposons) are generally neutral, having no effect on phenotype
Mutation
Human chromosome
Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date CCDS 212 — — 2025-01-15 HGNC 215 193 194 2025-09-26 Ensembl 221
Chromosome_21
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
PI4KAP2 Identifiers Aliases PI4KAP2, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha pseudogene 2 External IDs GeneCards: PI4KAP2; OMA:PI4KAP2 - orthologs Gene location
PI4KAP2
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
Protein_FAM25
Type of cellular receptor that facilitates taste
receptors. There are 43 human TAS2R genes, each of which (excluding the five pseudogenes) lacks introns and codes for a GPCR protein. These proteins, as opposed
Taste_receptor
mRNA is not unidirectional, but that the pool of mRNAs, transcribed pseudogenes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) compete for the
Competing_endogenous_RNA
Family of proteins
in humans, although the third gene, SAA3, is believed to represent a pseudogene that does not generate messenger RNA or protein. Molecular weights of
Serum_amyloid_A
Mammalian protein found in humans
correlates with a worse prognosis. Humans and chimpanzees share ten NANOG pseudogenes (NanogP2-P11) during evaluation, two of them are located on the X chromosome
Homeobox_protein_NANOG
PSEUDOGENE
PSEUDOGENE
PSEUDOGENE
PSEUDOGENE
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Intelligent
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire)
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire) : metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of wheat, from Old English hwǣte ‘wheat’ (a derivative of hwīt ‘white’, because of its use in making white flour).
Girl/Female
Indian
Splendor, Light
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Goddess
Boy/Male
Hindu
Mairava
Girl/Female
Biblical
Passage over, being angry.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Derbyshire, so named from the genitive of the Old English personal name Pīl + burh (dative byrig) ‘fortified place’.William Pillsbury (or Pilsbury) came to MA from England as early as 1641, settling first in Dorchester and then in Ipswich. His descendant John Sargent Pillsbury (1828–1901), who made the name famous for flour, was a miller and governor of MN.
Male
Egyptian
, Amen makes the Gift.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Long living
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (Ashkenazic)
Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Balsam or Yiddish balzam ‘balm’, ‘balsam’.German : occupational name for a seller of spices and perfumes, from Latin balsamum ‘balsam’, ‘aromatic resin’.German : variant of Balsel (see Baltzell).English : habitational name from Balsham in Cambridgeshire, named with an Old English personal name, Bæll(i), + hÄm ‘homestead’, ‘village’, or Balstone in Devon.
PSEUDOGENE
PSEUDOGENE
PSEUDOGENE
PSEUDOGENE
PSEUDOGENE