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Award
The Resistance Memorial Cross or Resistance Commemorative Cross (Dutch: Verzetsherdenkingskruis) is a medal awarded in the Netherlands to members of the
Resistance_Memorial_Cross
resistance work. In 1981, she was awarded the Verzetsherdenkingskruis (Resistance Memorial Cross) by the Dutch government for her work as a freedom fighter and
Ina_Boekbinder
Dutch award
The Verzetskruis 1940–1945 ('Resistance Cross 1940–1945') is a decoration for valour in the Netherlands. Instituted on May 3, 1946, it was awarded in recognition
Dutch_Cross_of_Resistance
Dutch resistance fighter
awarded the Verzetsherdenkingskruis (Resistance Memorial Cross) by the Dutch government. A member of the Dutch Resistance who actively helped Dutch men and
Hendrika_Gerritsen
Dutch Resistance warrior
Mobilisation War Cross (Mobilisatie-Oorlogskruis) for his war-time activities. In 1980, the Dutch Government instituted the Resistance Memorial Cross (Verzetsherdenkingskruis)
Adrian_Hoekstra
Dutch resistance fighter (1921–2015)
Victoria Cross and seldom awarded. Military William Order, Knight 4th class Order of Orange-Nassau, Knight 5th class Resistance Memorial Cross "Interview
Cornelis_Pieter_van_den_Hoek
Dutch resistance member (1923–2022)
Freedom with golden palm. George Medal (1947) Bronze Lion (1951) Resistance Memorial Cross Medal of honor Schiermonnikoog (2020) In 2020 Omrop Fryslan made
Joke_Folmer
Dutch-American wartime pilot, spy and writer
Netherlands: Resistance Memorial Cross Netherlands: Queen Beatrix's Inauguration Medal 1980 United Kingdom: Distinguished Flying Cross, 3 July 1945 United
Erik_Hazelhoff_Roelfzema
WWII Dutch resistance fighter
Posthumously Schaft received the Dutch Cross of Resistance, one of only 95 people. She was also awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross and General Eisenhower awarded
Hannie_Schaft
Dutch painter, writer and member of the Dutch anti-Nazi resistance
the Dutch government in his honour. In 1984, he was awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross. On 19 June 1986, Yad Vashem recognized Arondéus as Righteous
Willem_Arondeus
British Army soldier
British Empire Medal in the 1969 New Year Honours and the Dutch Resistance Memorial Cross in 1982 (one of very few members of the British Armed Forces to
Tex_Banwell
West Papuan guerilla
received the Cross of Merit. In 1981, she received the Resistance Memorial Cross. In addition, Ayal received the Mobilisation War Cross, the Decoration
Coosje_Ayal
Dutch resistance fighter (1911–2000)
2000) was a Dutch pilot and social worker who was a member of the Dutch resistance during the Second World War and a pilot in the British Air Transport Auxiliary
Ida_Veldhuyzen_van_Zanten
Dutch veteran (1923–2024)
England, Ellis was offered the Cross of Merit, but she declined. On 29 December 1980, she was awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross . Brandon died on 12 July
Ellis_Brandon
Dutch colonial administrator (1909–2012)
also received two Dutch decorations, the Cross for Order and Peace in 1949 and the Resistance Memorial Cross in 1985. After the war he returned to his
Petrus_Wijtse_Winkel
Type of memorial monument
A memorial cross (sometimes called an intending cross) is a cross-shaped memorial to commemorate a special event or an incident, typically where one or
Memorial_cross
WW2 US Army formation
Citation: 1 Croix de guerre (Belgium) Belgian Fourragère Netherlands Resistance Memorial Cross Medal of Verdun (First time it was awarded for action in WWII)
7th Armored Division (United States)
7th_Armored_Division_(United_States)
Dutch resistance fighter in World War II
States. Cross of Merit (Netherlands) Oorlogsherinneringskruis with four stars (War Memorial Cross) Verzetsherdenkingskruis (Resistance Memorial Cross) Officer
Hans_Hoets
Dutch Naval Officer
Order of Orange-Nassau Resistance Memorial Cross Service Cross for naval officers, for 30 years of service Mobilization Cross 1914–1918 Officer in the
Pieter_Koenraad
Dutch resistance member
country". On 15 December 1983 Schreuder was posthumously awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross, presented by Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld to his widow
Pieter_Meindert_Schreuder
Dutch naval officer
also received the Bronze Lion, the War Commemorative Cross and the Resistance Commemorative Cross. One of the sixteen minesweepers, commissioned by Royal
Aart_Alblas
Dutch resistance fighter and photographer (1920–1996)
photographer and member of the Dutch resistance during the Second World War. She was awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross (VHK), by Royal Dutch decree. Ingeborg
Ingeborg_Kahlenberg
Dutch farmer, politician, and diplomat (1908–1995)
from 1937 until 1945. In 1940, during World War II, he joined the Dutch resistance against the German occupiers and helped shelter refugees. Following the
Sicco_Mansholt
Dutch politician (1926–1994)
Appeal (CDA) party and social geographer. De Koning joined the Dutch resistance against the German occupation in September 1943, at the time barely 17
Jan_de_Koning_(politician)
Many memorials and monuments were erected in Bavaria and Austria to commemorate the construction of and resistance against the Wackersdorf nuclear reprocessing
List of memorials related to the Wackersdorf reprocessing plant
List_of_memorials_related_to_the_Wackersdorf_reprocessing_plant
Dutch resistance hero
January 1947 by US President Harry S. Truman, as well as the Dutch Resistance Memorial Cross and the King's Commendation for Bravery of the United Kingdom
Charles_Bongaerts
Dutch rower and lawyer
Lion) 14 December 1949 Netherlands: Verzetsherdenkingskruis (Resistance Memorial Cross) Forester, Bill. "Engelandvaarders: Marien de Jonge". Retrieved
Ernst_de_Jonge
Dutch politician (1904–1986)
fled to London to escape the German occupation. Burger joined the Dutch resistance against the German occupiers in August 1942. In January 1943 Burger escaped
Jaap_Burger
German Waffen-SS officer (1909–1944)
Sturmbannführer who was captured and executed in occupied France by the French Resistance. In response troops of the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich killed 643
Helmut_Kämpfe
Dutch resistance member (1906–1993)
Schunck was awarded the dutch Resistance Memorial Cross or Verzetsherdenkingskruis for his bravery during the occupation. Resistance in Valkenburg during World
Pierre_Schunck
French espionage agent
agent during the Second World War and a posthumous recipient of the George Cross. On her second mission into occupied France, Szabo was captured by the German
Violette_Szabo
Monument in Suresnes, Hauts-de-Seine, France
French Resistance. Fifteen representative French fighters were buried here in an elaborate ceremony on 11 November 1945. The present memorial was opened
Mémorial de la France combattante
Mémorial_de_la_France_combattante
French Resistance hero (1899–1943)
French civil servant and hero of the French Resistance who succeeded in unifying the main networks of the Resistance in World War II. He served as the first
Jean_Moulin
Germany Star[verification needed]), the Cross of Valour (Poland) (9 May 1945), the Dutch Resistance Memorial Cross. He was made an Officer in the Orde van
List of World War II aces from the United Kingdom
List_of_World_War_II_aces_from_the_United_Kingdom
German officer (1910-1945)
honoured as a hero of the Austrian resistance. A street in Wörgl is named after him. Additionally, a small memorial was crafted in his honor with an engraving
Josef_Gangl
British soldier (1921–1993)
(France, 1945) Bronze Lion (Netherlands, 5 September 1946) Resistance Commemorative Cross (Netherlands, 31 October 1986) Simpson, John (1993). The Quiet
Leonard_Willmott
Dutch resistance attack during WWII
the Netherlands and awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross (Verzetsherdenkingskruis) In 2018 the Verzetsmuseum (Resistance Museum) on Plantage Kerklaan in
1943 Amsterdam civil registry office bombing
1943_Amsterdam_civil_registry_office_bombing
Dutch resistance fighter (1922–2025)
Van de Perre was awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross, a medal awarded in the Netherlands to members of the Dutch resistance during the Second World War
Selma_van_de_Perre
German officer and member of the German Resistance in Second World War
was a German officer during World War II and was a member of the German Resistance. He planned to assassinate Adolf Hitler in coordination with Claus von
Axel_von_dem_Bussche
Last four German WWII war criminals imprisoned in Breda, the Netherlands
Van Lanschot was involved in the Resistance Memorial Cross, which had to promote unity within the former resistance outside of the opposition to the release
Breda_Four
Christian and French patriotic symbol
The Cross of Lorraine (French: croix de Lorraine), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical
Cross_of_Lorraine
Administrative organ of the French Resistance
Council of the Resistance (French: Conseil National de la Résistance [kɔ̃sɛj nasjɔnal də la ʁezistɑ̃s]; CNR; also, National Resistance Council) directed
National Council of the Resistance
National_Council_of_the_Resistance
French art curator and resistance member
1898 – 18 September 1980) was a French art curator, member of the French Resistance, captain in the French military, and one of the most decorated women in
Rose_Valland
Surinamese resistance fighter and author (1898–1945)
of Honours in Loenen. In 1982, he was posthumously awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross. De Kom was married to a Dutch woman, Petronella Borsboom. They
Anton_de_Kom
from the Dutch concentration camp Vught. Most had been active in the resistance and had formed bonds already in Vught. They were a cohesive, supportive
Agfa-Commando
Award
The War Commemorative Cross (Dutch: Oorlogsherinneringskruis) is a military award of the Netherlands. The medal was established to commemorate service
War_Commemorative_Cross
Heraldic and Christian symbol
Jerusalem cross, also known as the five-fold cross, the cross-and-crosslets or the Crusader's cross, is a heraldic cross and Christian cross variant consisting
Jerusalem_cross
French military decoration
The Resistance Medal (French: Médaille de la Résistance, pronounced [medaj də la ʁezistɑ̃s]) was a decoration bestowed by the French Committee of National
Resistance_Medal
Norwegian resistance fighter (1918–2012)
Sønsteby DSO (11 January 1918 – 10 May 2012) was a member of the Norwegian resistance movement during the German occupation of Norway in World War II. Known
Gunnar_Sønsteby
Museum in Heerlen, the Netherlands
and led the Valkenburg resistance under the assumed name Paul Simons, for which he was awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross. After the war, his father
Schunck
Award commemorating the Liberation of France
Memorial to Fighting France, where a tomb was set aside for the last Companion. The medal of the Order is called the Croix de la Libération ("Cross of
Order_of_Liberation
Type of Christian monument found in Central Europe
simple memorial stones were erected (after a murder, accident, plague, etc.), but these were much rarer. The reason for the erection of a cross in front
Stone_cross
Former union of Dutch resistance groups
were ineligible for the Mobilisation War Cross or the War Commemorative Cross. The Resistance Memorial Cross would not be established until December 1980
Binnenlandse_Strijdkrachten
Dutch and Indonesian National Revolution battalion
April 1985 when Queen's commissioner Hans Wiegel awarded them the Resistance Memorial Cross. In addition to an existing plaque in the Provincial House in
Friesland_Battalion
Danish military officer (1920–1945)
Greek Sacred Band memorial badge awarded to Lassen and now in the collection of the Museum of Danish Resistance in Copenhagen. Memorial for Maj. Lassen
Anders_Lassen
Style of Greek cross
The Calatrava Cross, or the Cross of Calatrava, is a type of cross notably used by the Order of Calatrava in red (gules), the Order of Montesa in black
Calatrava_cross
Cross enclosed in a ring or halo
The ringed cross is a class of Christian cross symbols featuring a ring or nimbus. The concept exists in many variants and dates to early in the history
Ringed_cross
Religious symbol
The Cross of Saint Peter, also known as the Petrine Cross, is an inverted cross traditionally used as a Christian symbol, associated with the martyrdom
Cross_of_Saint_Peter
Gill (1994), p. 188. "Eduard Müller". German Resistance Memorial Centre. Retrieved 4 September 2013. The Cross and the Conspiracy; Catholic Herald; 23 January
Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany
Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany
Commemorative mark or monument to plague victims
"vinegar stone", at Wentworth, Yorkshire Memorial cross to plague victims at Trittenheim, Germany One of the plague crosses in Brugherio, Italy, which record
Plague_cross
Monument in Polish Armed Forces Avenue, Żoliborz, Warsaw, Poland
The Witold Pilecki Memorial (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvi.tɔlt piˈlɛt͡s.ki]; Polish: Pomnik Witolda Pileckiego) is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, located
Witold_Pilecki_Memorial
Dutch resistance fighter during World War II (1914–1945)
On 24 May 1950, Gabrielle Weidner posthumously received the Dutch Cross of Resistance for her efforts in the war. On the Dutch Orry-la-Ville honorary cemetery
Gabrielle_Weidner
French rebel groups that fought Nazi Germany in World War II
effort to oppose the Resistance, who marched through the streets to lay a wreath shaped like the Cross of Lorraine at a local war memorial bearing the message
French_Resistance
Cross pattée symbol used by Cossacks and Ukraine
like Konotop, Zinkiv and Zolotonosha. The Memorial to Ukrainians shot at Sandarmokh uses a Cossack cross. As of September 2022 during the Russian invasion
Cossack_cross
Variant of the Christian cross
The Cross of Salem, also known as a pontifical cross because of its similarity to the papal cross, is a cross used in Christianity. It is also similar
Cross_of_Salem
partisan hospitals and printing facilities were located, where resistance couriers crossed traffic routes, and at the sites where historical meetings and
Monuments to the Slovene Partisans
Monuments_to_the_Slovene_Partisans
German admiral (1887–1945)
Canaris turned against Hitler and committed acts of both passive and active resistance during World War II following the German invasion of Poland in 1939. Being
Wilhelm_Canaris
Irregular forces in World War II
During World War II, resistance movements operated in German-occupied Europe by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation to propaganda, hiding
Resistance during World War II
Resistance_during_World_War_II
Czech army general and resistance fighter
Germans began occupying Czech territory in March 1939, Bily joined the resistance. He became a member of the group known as the Council of Elders, among
Josef_Bílý
Lithuanian resistance partisan (1921–1951)
Skirmantas, was a leader of the anti-Soviet Lithuanian partisan armed resistance movement. Lukša was born on 10 August 1921 to a family of farmers in the
Juozas_Lukša
World War II Resistance fighters
l'Intérieur) were French resistance fighters in the later stages of World War II. Charles de Gaulle used it as a formal name for the resistance fighters. The change
French_Forces_of_the_Interior
Type of cross and symbol of Christianity
A Latin cross or crux immissa is a type of Christian cross in which the vertical beam sticks above the crossbeam, giving the cross four arms. Typically
Latin_cross
Monument in Salzburg, Austria
Wackersdorf Memorial (Salzburg) is an Austrian monument located in Salzburg at Mozartplatz and commemorates the cross-border resistance of the Salzburg
Wackersdorf Memorial (Salzburg)
Wackersdorf_Memorial_(Salzburg)
Dutch banker and resistance leader
Van Hall was posthumously awarded by the government with the Dutch Cross of Resistance (Verzetskruis) in 1946 and the United States awarded him with the
Walraven_van_Hall
National symbol of Serbia
composed of a cross symbol and four firesteels. It is present on the coat of arms and flag of Serbia. The cross is based on a tetragrammic cross emblem of
Serbian_cross
Dutch resistance fighter
employment. De Zeeuw was decorated with the War Remembrance Cross [nl], the Resistance Memorial Cross and the Medal for Peace and Order [nl]. She died in her
Francien_de_Zeeuw
Christian cross in the shape of a capital T
The tau cross is a T-shaped cross, sometimes with all three ends of the cross expanded. It is called a "tau cross" because it is shaped like the Greek
Tau_cross
Scottish historic structure
some were adapted as war memorials after the Great War of 1914–1918. A war memorial may incorporate a part of the original cross, as at Renfrew or Bowden
Mercat_cross
Form of the Arma Christi cross
The Longinus cross (German: Longinuskreuz) is a special form of the Arma Christi cross, which occurs mainly in the Black Forest, but also occasionally
Longinus_cross
Religious symbol
cross is a symbol that combines a cross with a floral postament or elements. The cross of Armenian Christianity is combined with the Christian cross,
Armenian_Cross
Resistance fighter in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
פוכרר; 1920 – 8 May 1943) was a Polish Jewish activist of the Jewish resistance movement in the Warsaw Ghetto during the occupation of Poland in World
Mira_Fuchrer
2009 video game
PlayStation Portable. It is a spin-off of the Resistance series, set between Resistance: Burning Skies and Resistance 2, and the first to not be developed by
Resistance:_Retribution
Symbol of peace and reconciliation after the Second World War
A Coventry Cross of Nails (in German, Nagelkreuz von Coventry) is a Christian cross made from iron nails, employed as a symbol of peace and reconciliation
Coventry_Cross_of_Nails
da Carvalho (2021-12-08). "Muzeu memoriál rezisténsia iha Covalima sei prezerva istória 1974-1999" [Memorial resistance museum in Covalima will preserve
List of museums in Timor-Leste
List_of_museums_in_Timor-Leste
archiepiscopal cross (archbishop's cross) is a two-barred cross used by or to signify or dignify an archbishop. Similar to the patriarchal cross, it is typically
Archiepiscopal_cross
Circle containing four or more spokes
A sun cross, solar cross, or wheel cross is a solar symbol consisting of an equilateral cross inside a circle. The design is frequently found in the symbolism
Sun_cross
Memorial and museum in New York City
The National September 11 Memorial & Museum (also known as the 9/11 Memorial & Museum) is a memorial and museum that are part of the World Trade Center
National September 11 Memorial & Museum
National_September_11_Memorial_&_Museum
Y-shaped cross
forked cross, is a Gothic cross in the form of the letter Y that is also known as a crucifixus dolorosus, furca, ypsilon cross, Y-cross, robber's cross or
Forked_cross
Christian symbol for Mary
letter "M" below the cross indicates Mary's presence at the foot of the cross. The combination of the letter M with a Latin cross is found as part of the
Marian_Cross
Symbol that mixes Christian and pre-Christian concepts
The Carolingian Cross is but one variation in the vast historical imagery of Christian symbolic representations of the Crucifixion of Jesus, going back
Carolingian_cross
Cross woven from rushes, arms offset
St. Brigid's cross or St. Brigit's cross (Irish: Cros Bhríde, Crosóg Bhríde or Bogha Bhríde) is a small variant of the Christian cross often woven from
Brigid's_cross
Opposition to Nazi Germany
Luckner; German Resistance Memorial Centre, Index of Persons; retrieved at 4 September 2013 Margarete Sommer; German Resistance Memorial Centre, Index of
German_resistance_to_Nazism
Flag bearing the design of the Nordic or Scandinavian cross
Nordic cross flag is a flag bearing the design of the Nordic or Scandinavian cross, a cross symbol in a rectangular field, with the centre of the cross shifted
Nordic_cross_flag
Andean symbol
The chakana or Andean cross (also "stepped cross", "step motif", or "stepped motif") is a stepped cross motif used by the Inca and pre-incan Andean societies
Chakana
variety of crosses, both designs and physical objects, have been associated with Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. Traditionally, the cross pattée
List of Saint Patrick's crosses
List_of_Saint_Patrick's_crosses
Christian cross superimposed on a circle
Gordian's Kirk Cross Govan Old Parish Church Cross Weem, Aberfeldy Mateer Memorial Church, Kerala, India Celtic cross of Lugasson, France Early crosses at Clonmacnoise
Celtic_cross
French espionage agent (1919-1944)
1944), code named Denise, was a French woman who served in the French Resistance and as an agent for Britain's clandestine Special Operations Executive
Andrée_Borrel
French Resistance fighter (1914–2018)
Sidney Chouraqui was a French Resistance fighter and postwar activist for remembrance and education. During the Second World War, he was an internee at
Sidney_Chouraqui
Cross associated with Coptic Christians
Coptic cross is any of a number of Christian cross variants associated in some way with Coptic Christians. The typical form of the "Coptic cross" used
Coptic_cross
Polish soldier and male impersonator
operations were ultimately recognised by military men and having joined the resistance in 1939 under codename, "Lena", she became an officer and commander of
Wanda_Gertz
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RESISTANCE MEMORIAL-CROSS