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Solid-state laser
A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal as its gain medium. The first working laser was a ruby laser made by Theodore H
Ruby_laser
Variety of corundum, mineral, gemstone
repeatedly through the crystal, a ruby laser in this way produces a very high intensity of coherent red light. All natural rubies have imperfections in them
Ruby
Laser which uses a solid gain medium
inertial confinement fusion. The first material used for lasers was synthetic ruby crystals. Ruby lasers are still used for a few applications, but they are
Solid-state_laser
American physicist (1927–2007)
invention of the laser, in 1961 Maiman departed Hughes to join the newly formed Quantatron company, which grew in-house ruby crystals for lasers.[citation needed]
Theodore_Maiman
Application of laser in medical field
Dr. Leon Goldman used the ruby laser to treat pigmented skin cells and reported on his findings. The argon-ionized laser (wavelength: 488–514 nm) has
Laser_medicine
Device that emits light via optical amplification
Research Group) company. Maiman's functional laser used a flashlamp-pumped synthetic ruby crystal to produce red laser light at 694 nanometers wavelength. The
Laser
Crystal used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers
activity in the crystal, in the same fashion as the red chromium ion in ruby lasers. Laser operation of Nd:YAG was first demonstrated by Joseph E. Geusic [de]
Nd:YAG_laser
Dermatologic procedure to remove tattoo pigments
absorbed by melanin, so this laser has a slightly lower incidence of unwanted pigmentary changes than a Ruby laser. This laser works well on green tattoos
Tattoo_removal
Type of laser
contrast, most "conventional" lasers (such as the ruby laser) rely on stimulated electronic transitions to amplify light. Raman lasers are optically pumped. However
Raman_laser
Anti-missile system using an X-ray laser powered by a nuclear bomb
early as 1960, the year the first ruby laser was demonstrated. The first announcement of a successful X-ray laser was made in 1972 by the University
Project_Excalibur
Laser pulsing technique
Research Laboratories using electrically switched Kerr cell shutters in a ruby laser. Optical nonlinearities such as Q-switching were fully explained by Nicolaas
Q-switching
Process of hair removal by exposure to laser pulses
Laser hair removal is the process of hair removal by means of exposure to pulses of laser light that destroy the hair follicle. It had been performed
Laser_hair_removal
Range finding device that uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object
A laser rangefinder, also known as a laser telemeter or laser distance meter, is a rangefinder that uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object
Laser_rangefinder
Measuring the distance between the Earth and the Moon with laser light
Soviet team at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory using a Q-switched ruby laser. Shortly thereafter, Princeton University graduate student James Faller
Lunar Laser Ranging experiments
Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiments
Procedure widely used in eye surgery
procedure, a laser is used to finely cauterize ocular blood vessels to attempt to bring about various therapeutic benefits. The ruby laser was first used
Laser_coagulation
Treatment using irradiation with light of low power intensity
low power lasers, which occurred a few years after the 1960 invention of the ruby laser and the 1961 invention of the helium–neon (HeNe) laser. Mester accidentally
Low-level_laser_therapy
Welding technique
costs. The two types of lasers commonly used are solid-state lasers (especially ruby lasers and Nd:YAG lasers) and gas lasers. The first type uses one
Laser_beam_welding
This is a list of laser types, their operational wavelengths, and their applications. Thousands of kinds of laser are known, but most of them are used
List_of_laser_types
American electrical engineer (1916–2009)
work with Giorgio Fiocco to measure the distance to the Moon using a ruby laser in 1962, shortly after that device was invented. Earlier, he had worked
Louis_Smullin
Human facial birthmark
puberty. A Q-switched 1064 nm laser has been successfully used to treat the condition. The Q-switched lasers (694 nm ruby, 755 nm Alexandrite or 1064 nm
Nevus_of_Ota
1969 American experiment on the Moon
program over a number of years. Each site used its own Q-switched ruby laser to provide laser pulses, tens of nanoseconds in length and with energies of approximately
Laser_Ranging_Retroreflector
scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser in 1958. The coherency, high monochromaticity
List_of_laser_applications
Use of laser beams to remove material from a workpiece
arc lamps. Ruby is one of the frequently used host materials in this type of laser. A ruby laser is a type of the solid state laser whose laser medium is
Laser_beam_machining
Powering mechanism for lasers
Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited
Laser_pumping
Equipment using an organic dye to emit coherent light
lasers Nd:YAG lasers (mainly second and third harmonics) Nitrogen lasers Ruby lasers Argon ion lasers in the CW regime Krypton ion lasers in the CW regime
Dye_laser
Incoherent light source
In 1960, after Theodore Maiman invented the ruby laser, a new demand for flashtubes began for use in lasers, and new interest was taken in the study of
Flashtube
US 1960s-era study into nuclear weapons to create beams of plasma
produce collimated beams of X-ray radiation in the same fashion that a ruby laser produces red light when pumped by a flashtube. Testing in the 1980s demonstrated
Casaba-Howitzer
Method of spatial measurement using laser
or laser imaging, detection, and ranging, often stylized LiDAR) is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and
Lidar
Device for generating extremely high pressures
Takahashi focused a laser beam on the sample while under pressure. The first laser heating system used a single 7 joule pulsed ruby laser that heated the
Diamond_anvil_cell
Devices and processes that produce light
region is so narrow that quantum confinement occurs Ruby laser – Solid-state laser Solid-state laser – Laser which uses a solid gain medium Light-emitting diode
List_of_light_sources
effect. It was reported for the first time in 1962, when radiation from a ruby laser was transmitted through potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and potassium
Optical_rectification
Lightening of skin or loss of pigment
treatment of solar lentigines. For stubborn pigmented lesions the Q-switched ruby laser, cryotherapy or trichloroacetic acid peels can be used to ensure the skin
Depigmentation
Canadian physicist (1924–2011)
continuously operating ruby laser with Don Nelson in 1962, and was named on the first patent for a semiconductor injection laser. He was made director
Willard_Boyle
films using a ruby laser, after which Groh deposited thin films using a continuous-wave CO2 laser in 1968. Further work demonstrated that laser-induced evaporation
Thermal_laser_epitaxy
Type of laser
solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a solid-state laser made by pumping a solid gain medium, for example, a ruby or a neodymium-doped YAG crystal, with a laser diode
Diode-pumped solid-state laser
Diode-pumped_solid-state_laser
When a system has more excited-state members than ground-state
inefficient, despite being the first type of laser to be discovered (based on a ruby laser medium, by Theodore Maiman in 1960). A three-level system could also have
Population_inversion
American second generation main battle tank
gun with a telescopic sight and a Raytheon AN/WG-1 Flashlamp Pumped, Ruby Laser range finder,[page needed] accurate to 4,000 meters, for the gunner. The
M60_tank
One of six awards of the Wolf Foundation
United States "For his realization of the first operating laser, the pulsed three level ruby laser." 1985 Conyers Herring United States "For their major contributions
Wolf_Prize_in_Physics
Vaporizing laser beam in a vacuum chamber
laser-assisted film growth started soon after the technical realization of the first laser in 1960 by Maiman. Smith and Turner utilized a ruby laser to
Pulsed_laser_deposition
Soviet weapons testing center
formed from the laser departments of several defence contractors. They installed two lasers at the site, a visible-light ruby laser that was installed
Terra-3
Hospital in Massachusetts, United States
retired, that rate had jumped to more than 90 percent. 1967: A laser treatment (Ruby laser photocoagulation) is developed by William Beetham, M.D., and
Joslin_Diabetes_Center
Color that represents the ruby gemstone
1050 nanometers) appears ruby red. Starting at about 660 nm in the visible red, a monochromatic source such as an LED or laser begins to look very slightly
Ruby_(color)
1990 video game
primary weapon is the Ruby Laser, with a rapid zapping capability that has a tendency to overheat. Once overheated the lasers will stop firing, and the
Destination_Earthstar
Effectiveness of a material in transmitting radiant energy
Note the two broad blue and green absorption bands and one narrow absorption band on the wavelength of 694 nm, which is the wavelength of the ruby laser.
Transmittance
Technology that uses a laser to cut materials
Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to vaporize materials, resulting in a cut edge. While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications
Laser_cutting
Chemical element with atomic number 24 (Cr)
chromium a requirement for making synthetic rubies. Such a synthetic ruby crystal was the basis for the first laser, produced in 1960, which relied on stimulated
Chromium
Process that removes material from an object by heating it with a laser
irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates. At high laser flux, the material
Laser_ablation
profiler Laser beam quality Laser beam riding Laser blended vision Laser bridge Laser broom Laser camera system Laser cannon Laser cautery Laser coagulation
List_of_laser_articles
Russo-American physicist
colleague J. R. Lankard, at IBM Research Laboratories, used a ruby laser to excite a near infrared laser dye. Their report was quickly followed by that of F. P
Peter_Sorokin
Primary color
horizon its red glow. Lasers emitting in the red region of the spectrum have been available since the invention of the ruby laser in 1960. In 1962 the
Red
Explosive chemical compound
can be initiated by a laser. A pulse with duration of 25 nanoseconds and 0.5–4.2 joules of energy from a Q-switched ruby laser can initiate detonation
Pentaerythritol_tetranitrate
Handheld device that emits a laser beam
A laser pointer or laser pen is a (typically battery-powered) handheld device that uses a laser diode to emit a narrow low-power visible laser beam (i
Laser_pointer
Iranian American physicist (1926–2016)
watts required for the ruby lasers to produce short bursts. The output laser power was ~ 1 milliwatt. In addition, the ruby laser is greatly surpassed in
Ali_Javan
1992 video game
Villain Society – or D.V.S. – has stolen the blueprints to an orbital ruby laser weapon, code-named "Red Rock Rover". The blueprints have been secured
Secret_Agent_(video_game)
American dermatologist
type VI with the 1064-nm QS Nd:YAG laser." Lasers Surg Med. 2011 Feb; 43(2):65-7. Geronemus RG. "Q-switched Ruby Laser Therapy of Nevus of Ota." Arch Dermatol
Roy_Geronemus
Nonlinear optical process
possible by the invention of the laser, which created the required high-intensity coherent light. They focused a ruby laser with a wavelength of 694 nm into
Second-harmonic_generation
Powder used to add or alter colour
Luch (5 August 2015), "Formation of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide upon ruby laser irradiation of the tattoo pigment phthalocyanine blue", Scientific Reports
Pigment
German physicist
Schäfer and colleagues employed a ruby laser to optically excite various infrared organic dyes. These dyes emitted laser radiation in the 731-835 nm range
Fritz_Peter_Schäfer
Surgical procedure to reduce intraocular pressure of the eye
laser beam of different wavelengths. Ruby laser (693 nm wavelength), Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm wavelength) or diode laser (810 nm wavelength) can be used to
Cyclodestruction
Soviet anti-aircraft laser development program
The laser was based at Sary Shagan testing range. In 1972, Omega-2 elements began to be delivered to facility 2506. The laser locator (based on ruby lasers)
Omega_(laser)
Form of spectroscopy employed in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields
experiment, they introduced a Kerr cell containing nitrobenzene into a ruby laser cavity to study Q-switching processes. This resulted in a strong emission
Stimulated_Raman_spectroscopy
Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand
unit Diagnostic laboratory Dialysis Rrom Catheterisation laboratory Sterile central supply department 500-space car park CO2 laser, Q Switch ruby laser
Yanhee_Hospital
American physicist
demonstrated that organic dyes could make appropriate absorbers for Q-switching ruby lasers, and went on to investigate its fluorescence. At the time, Spaeth had
Mary_Spaeth
German physicist (1925–2023)
bacteriorhodopsin in photosynthesis. He was involved in the development of ruby lasers and discovered the two-photon absorption with C. G. B. Garrett. The two-photon
Wolfgang_Kaiser_(physicist)
Electrostatic digital printing process
Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process. It produces high-quality text and graphics (and moderate-quality photographs) by repeatedly
Laser_printing
Manufacturing complex in Michigan, US
MARC and WRL produced innovations, including the first ruby laser and operation of the ruby maser, as well as early research into antiballistic missile
Willow_Run
Device for producing coherent EM waves in the sub-visible spectrum
Hydrogen maser Gas masers Rubidium maser Liquid-dye and chemical laser Solid state masers Ruby maser Whispering-gallery modes iron-sapphire maser Dual noble
Maser
Semiconductor laser
A laser diode (LD, also injection laser diode or ILD or semiconductor laser or diode laser) is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode
Laser_diode
Spectroscopy used in chemistry and physics
and Terhune used a pulsed ruby laser to investigate the third order response of several materials. They first passed the ruby beam of frequency ω through
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Coherent_anti-Stokes_Raman_spectroscopy
Engraving objects using lasers
Laser engraving is the practice of using lasers to engrave an object. The engraving process renders a design by physically cutting into the object to
Laser_engraving
Laser used in dentistry
traditional methods. Laser use in dentistry began in the 1960s, but practical applications developed in the late 1980s. Early ruby lasers had limitations,
Dental_laser
detector; he built a ruby laser, thought to be the first ruby laser to operate in Britain, and investigated the spectroscopy of possible laser materials. He
Deryck_Goodwin
Recreational shooting sport and game
Laser tag is a recreational shooting sport where participants use infrared-emitting light guns to tag designated targets. Infrared-sensitive signaling
Laser_tag
Type of ultraviolet laser important in chip manufacturing and eye surgery
An excimer laser, sometimes more correctly called an exciplex laser, is a form of ultraviolet laser which is commonly used in the production of microelectronic
Excimer_laser
produced, the first atomic-bomb test, the advent of microelectronics, the ruby laser, as well as photos of Ali Javan timing the frequency of light at M.I.T
Fritz_Goro
Laser using electron beam in vacuum as gain medium
free-electron laser (FEL) is a fourth generation light source producing extremely brilliant and short pulses of radiation. An FEL functions much as a laser but
Free-electron_laser
Medical use of laser to cut tissues
Laser surgery is a type of surgery that cuts tissue using a laser in contrast to using a scalpel. Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications
Laser_surgery
Laser which emits light with blue wavelengths
A blue laser emits electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 400 and 500 nanometers, which the human eye sees in the visible spectrum as blue
Blue_laser
Body hair removal
lasers caused 50% hair reduction for up to 6 months, while there was no evidence of hair reduction from intense pulsed light, neodymium-YAG or ruby lasers
Hair_removal
American physicist (1920–2005)
covered most lasers used at the time. For example, the first operating laser, a ruby laser, was optically pumped; the helium–neon laser is pumped by gas
Gordon_Gould
Townes receive the first patent for a laser. May 16 – Theodore Maiman demonstrates the first working laser, a ruby laser, at Hughes Research Laboratories.
1960_in_science
Laser in which electricity is discharged through gas
A gas laser is a laser in which an electric current is discharged through a gas to produce coherent light. The gas laser was the first continuous-light
Gas_laser
Kind of show made with laser light
A laser lighting display or laser light show involves the use of laser light to entertain an audience. A laser light show may consist only of projected
Laser_lighting_display
Day of the year
the first time. 1960 – Theodore Maiman operates the first optical laser (a ruby laser), at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California. 1961 – Park
May_16
Gem variety of corundum
light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The first laser was made in 1960 by Theodore Maiman with a rod of synthetic ruby. Titanium-sapphire lasers are popular due to their relatively
Sapphire
Laser that obtains energy from chemical reactions
A chemical laser is a laser that obtains its energy from a chemical reaction. Chemical lasers can reach continuous wave output with power reaching to megawatt
Chemical_laser
Laser science process
This process was first discovered in 1961 by Franken et al., using a ruby laser, with crystalline quartz as the nonlinear medium. Harmonic generation
High_harmonic_generation
Spectral linewidth of a laser beam
Laser linewidth is the spectral linewidth of a laser beam. Two of the most distinctive characteristics of laser emission are spatial coherence and spectral
Laser_linewidth
(DFVLR, today's DLR), a first laser distance measuring system consisting of an anti-aircraft gun carriage and a ruby laser, was put in operation in 1972
Geodetic_Observatory_Wettzell
Tobey Maguire – actor and producer Theodore Maiman – inventor of Ruby Laser Systems Laser Daron Malakian – musician, singer-songwriter, and guitarist (System
List of people from California
List_of_people_from_California
Source of optical gain in a laser
The active laser medium (also called a gain medium or lasing medium) is the source of optical gain within a laser. The gain results from the stimulated
Active_laser_medium
German-born laser scientist (1933–2026)
scientist with General Electric, where he worked on the recently introduced ruby lasers. Following a short tenure at The American University in Cairo, he joined
Frank_Tittel
Spectroscopic technique
usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with
Raman_spectroscopy
Day of the year
physicist Theodore Maiman is given a patent for his ruby laser systems, the world's first laser. 1969 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 12, the
November_14
Argentine doctor
country were performed. He was the first to bring and operate with a ruby laser in South America in 1961 and was president of the Argentine Council of
Roberto_Zaldívar
3D printing technique
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that uses a laser as the power and heat source to sinter powdered material
Selective_laser_sintering
The ruby laser was developed in 1960 by Theodore Maiman (1927-2007) as the first laser based on the ruby maser. Soon after, the dangers of lasers were
History of radiation protection
History_of_radiation_protection
Refractive eye surgery procedure
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (or laser epithelial keratomileusis) (LASEK) are laser eye surgery procedures intended
Photorefractive_keratectomy
British-American scientist (born 1941)
He is best known for the development of high power lasers, and for their use in understanding laser-induced plasma. Martin Richardson received his B.Sc
Martin_Richardson
Laser fundamental design principles
various glasses. Examples of solid-state laser media include Nd:YAG, Ti:sapphire, Cr:sapphire (usually known as ruby), Cr:LiSAF (chromium-doped lithium strontium
Laser_construction
RUBY LASER
RUBY LASER
Male
Spanish
Spanish pet form of Portuguese/Spanish Rodrigo, RUY means "famous power."
Male
English
Pet form of English Reuben, RUBE means "behold, a son!"Â
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Ruby, RUBYE means "red" or "ruby."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Ruby, Pearl
Female
English
English name derived from the name of the precious stone, from Latin ruber, RUBY means "red." This is the birthstone for July. Compare with masculine Ruby.Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Red stone
Girl/Female
French American English Latin
Jewel.
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Hebrew Reuwben, RUBÉN means "behold, a son!"Â
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Red Jewel
Girl/Female
Hindu
Ruby, Pearl
Male
English
Pet form of English Reuben, RUBY means "behold, a son." Compare with feminine Ruby.
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern
Ruby
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ruby, Pearl
Boy/Male
Tamil
Manikya | மாஂநீகà¯à®¯à®¾
Ruby
Manikya | மாஂநீகà¯à®¯à®¾
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Gujarati, Indian, Jamaican, Kannada, Latin, Portuguese, Punjabi, Sikh, Swedish, Tamil
Reddish; Red Colored Precious Gemstone; Red; Ruby Jewel; Reborn; The Red Gemstone
Girl/Female
Muslim American
Ruby. Precious stone.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ruby
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places so named in Merseyside (formerly in Cheshire) and County Durham or from Roby in Merseyside (formerly in Lancashire). The first is named from Old Scandinavian rá ‘pole’ + býr ‘farmstead’, ‘settlement’.French : variant of Rabin.German : habitational name from Raby in Bohemia or perhaps from Rabingen in Lower Saxony.Probably from the Saintonge region of France, a Raby or Rabis was documented in Quebec City in 1689, with the secondary surname Saintonge.
Male
English
Pet form of English Rudolph, RUDY means "famous wolf."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Hebrew, Jamaican
The Red Gemstone; Behold; A Son; Red
RUBY LASER
RUBY LASER
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Son of Lord Shiva; Lord Karthik's Name
Male
Finnish
Finnish name VESA means "sapling."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Of generous and good nature
Boy/Male
English Anglo Saxon
Wild boar.
Boy/Male
Australian, Polish
Tongue
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dandayudhapani | தாநà¯à®¤à®¯à¯à®‚தாபநீ
Lord Murugan
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Victory of Beauty
Boy/Male
Hindu
Gift of Lord Rama
Male
Greek
(Ἡλί) Greek form of Hebrew Eliy, HELI means "ascending." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of the father of Mary's husband Joseph.
Boy/Male
Tamil
The name of a queen, Queen
RUBY LASER
RUBY LASER
RUBY LASER
RUBY LASER
RUBY LASER
v. t.
To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Ruby
n.
The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint.
n.
A ruby.
imp. & p. p.
of Ruby
v. t.
To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often with up or over; as, to rub up silver.
v. t.
To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground.
a.
Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips.
v. i.
To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost.
v. i.
To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.
v. i.
To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world.
n.
Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub.
n.
A little ruby.
v. t.
To rub and cleanse without wetting.
n.
That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle.
pl.
of Ruby
n.
That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch.
n.
Any species of South American humming birds of the genus Clytolaema. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast.
v. t.
To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper.