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Acoustic-based human-computer interface
In computing, scratch input is an acoustic-based method of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) that takes advantage of the characteristic sound produced
Scratch_input
Programming language learning environment
Scratch is a high-level, block-based visual programming language and website aimed primarily at children as an educational tool, with a target audience
Scratch (programming language)
Scratch_(programming_language)
Turntablism technique
Scratching, sometimes referred to as scrubbing, is a DJ and turntablist technique of moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable to produce percussive
Scratching
Response to activation of sensory neurons
a task. Another general aspect of the scratch response is that the response continues even after afferent input from the stimulated zone ceases. For a
Scratch_reflex
Canadian wearable tech engineer (born 1962)
command-line or graphical interfaces. Related work includes input methods such as acoustic “scratch input,” which uses sound generated by physical contact with
Steve_Mann_(inventor)
Input and output device
a type of display that can detect touch input from a user to do a specific task. It consists of both an input device (a touch panel) and an output device
Touchscreen
Type of user interface
Kinetic user interface Organic user interface Virtual assistant Post-WIMP Scratch input Spatial navigation Tangible user interface Touch user interface Brauner
Natural_user_interface
Department of Carnegie Mellon University
Research and Disney Research. He is known for his pioneering work on scratch input and for developing Skinput and Omnitouch. He is also the CTO and co-founder
Human–Computer Interaction Institute
Human–Computer_Interaction_Institute
Automated software testing technique
generates inputs from scratch. For instance, a smart generation-based fuzzer takes the input model that was provided by the user to generate new inputs. Unlike
Fuzzing
List of musicians
2005, and later updated in 2011. The list presented was compiled based on input from musicians, writers, and industry figures and is focused on the rock
Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time
Rolling_Stone's_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time
Type of Linux installation
Linux From Scratch (LFS) is a type of Linux installation, and the name of a book written by Gerard Beekmans, and as of May 2021, mainly maintained by
Linux_from_Scratch
Slanting line punctuation mark (/)
lit. "twig"), which was used as a full stop (also known as a period), scratch comma, and caesura mark. These historical usages were lost over time, with
Slash_(punctuation)
Computer programming environment
from scratch. The debugger also provides restarts. These restarts can be used to go back to a certain REPL level or to provide a different input value
Read–eval–print_loop
Uncomfortable skin sensation
known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes a strong desire or reflex to scratch. Itches have many similarities to pain, and while both are unpleasant sensory
Itch
American computer scientist
research thread dates back to 2008, starting with Scratch Input appropriating walls and tables as ad hoc input surfaces. Insights from this work, especially
Chris Harrison (computer scientist)
Chris_Harrison_(computer_scientist)
Block-based programming language
Scratch, Snap! has many advanced features. The Snap! editor, and programs created in it, are web applications that run in the browser (like Scratch)
Snap!_(programming_language)
DJ software
partnered with Stanton Magnetics to develop Traktor Final Scratch: the software for Stanton's Final Scratch digital vinyl system (which used timecode-stamped
Traktor
Type of information retrieval using LLMs
prompt stuffing, the LLM's input is generated by a user; with prompt stuffing, additional relevant context is added to this input to guide the model's response
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented_generation
"Peter Gabriel – Scratch My Back – Releases". Discogs. Retrieved 2 August 2020. "Italian certifications – Peter Gabriel – Scratch My Back" (in Italian)
Peter_Gabriel_discography
1993 film by Steven Spielberg
Marmo began writing Jurassic Park in October 1991. She chose to start from scratch, with the novel as her basis, although she did read Crichton's screenplay
Jurassic_Park
Computation model defining an abstract machine
Turing machine can equivalently be defined as a model that recognises valid input strings, rather than enumerating output strings. Given a Turing machine
Turing_machine
Type of feedforward neural network
new data from scratch (if possible) or perturb existing data to create new ones. The latter one is used since mid-1990s. For example, input images can be
Convolutional_neural_network
Final Scratch is a DJ tool created by the Dutch company N2IT with input from Richie Hawtin (Plastikman) and John Acquaviva. It allows manipulation and
Final_Scratch
Open-source text segmentation library
maintained by Taku Kudo (工藤 拓) as part of his work on the Google Japanese Input project. The name derives from the developer's favorite food, mekabu [ja]
MeCab
Multimedia webcomic by Andrew Hussie
Karkat manages to restore order. From Doc Scratch, the kids learn about a game mechanism called the "Scratch" that allows the humans to reset their session
Homestuck
Machine learning technique
exist only in the forward pass and therefore change with every step of the input. Earlier designs implemented the attention mechanism in a serial recurrent
Attention_(machine_learning)
1982 The Far Side cartoon
from 1982?". Input. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved June 1, 2022. Sample, Ian (January 19, 2026). "Back-scratching bovine leads
Cow_tools
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
modalities (input or output) beyond just text, usually by finding a way to "tokenize" the modality. Multimodal models can either be trained from scratch, or by
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Virtual Network Computing (VNC) server program
data into and out of the scratch region. These moves are done locally on the viewer side. In this way x11vnc can manage the scratch region to store and retrieve
X11vnc
Software security mechanism
in, such as storage and memory scratch space. Network access, the ability to inspect the host system, or read from input devices are usually disallowed
Sandbox_(computer_security)
Branch of engineering and mathematics
is to develop a model or algorithm governing the application of system inputs to drive the system to a desired state, while minimizing any delay, overshoot
Control_theory
Upcoming tower defense game
response to criticism towards the game, PopCap decided to redo the game from scratch, which was later soft launched on September 7, 2021. Plants vs. Zombies
Plants_vs._Zombies_3:_Evolved
2009 mobile phone model
(A2DP); Proprietary USB; Stereo FM radio (RDS); No WLAN Data inputs Keypad; Predictive text input Development status Discontinued Other Concierge service;
Sony_Ericsson_Xperia_Pureness
1999 studio album by Funkmaster Flex and Big Kap
several record producers, including Rockwilder, Irv Gotti, Mannie Fresh, DJ Scratch, Funk Flex and Big Kap themselves. It features guest appearances from Beanie
The_Tunnel_(album)
Discrete differentiation operator used in image processing
from Scratch % Read Input Image input_image = imread('[name of input image file].[file format]'); % Displaying Input Image input_image = uint8(input_image);
Prewitt_operator
himself and Piper on a "double date" with them. More dancers arrive demanding input on the song. Jude delivers an unsigned package to Emily from a secret admirer
List of The Next Step episodes
List_of_The_Next_Step_episodes
Arrangement of keys on a typographic keyboard
keyboard layouts have been designed from scratch. All non-Latin computer keyboard layouts can also support input of Latin letters as well as the script
Keyboard_layout
Interface to device driver that appears in filesystem
program to interact with a device by using its device driver via standard input/output system calls. Using standard system calls simplifies many programming
Device_file
Software company
select a voice that best suits their needs, rather than creating one from scratch. There are now more than 1,000 community-created voices in the library
ElevenLabs
Algorithm to convert binary numbers to BCD
to be converted is stored in a register that is n bits wide. Reserve a scratch space wide enough to hold both the original number and its BCD representation;
Double_dabble
Asuka announces to her little brother Takeru, who built Vampire Cat from scratch, that his big sister has won, stunning all the members of NICS as they
List of Danball Senki episodes
List_of_Danball_Senki_episodes
Artificial intelligence operating system
VibeOS is an operating system built from scratch entirely by generative artificial intelligence, using code produced through prompts to Claude (vibe coding)
VibeOS
Open source autonomous AI agent
suggestions. AutoGPT can be used to develop software applications from scratch. AutoGPT can also debug code and generate test cases. Observers suggest
AutoGPT
Influential 2012 deep convolutional neural network
are the mean and standard deviations for ImageNet, so this whitens the input data). Extracting random 224×224 patches (and their horizontal reflections)
AlexNet
Computational model used in machine learning
layers. Each layer performs a transformation on its inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer), typically
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
Machine learning technique
networks, it is common to keep the earlier layers (those closest to the input layer) frozen, as they capture lower-level features, while later layers
Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)
Machine learning methods using multiple input modalities
modalities (input or output) beyond just text, usually by finding a way to "tokenize" the modality. Multimodal models can either be trained from scratch, or by
Multimodal_learning
Electronic invention tool and toy
creative tools and invention kits such as Drawdio, Singing Fingers, and Scratch. The first prototype for Makey Makey was created in 2010 and tested at
Makey_Makey
Large language model by Meta AI
Maverick was codistilled from Behemoth, while Scout was trained from scratch. The training data included publicly available data, licensed data, and
Llama_(language_model)
Multimedia framework
FFmpeg audio/video encoders and decoders. Most codecs were developed from scratch to ensure best performance and high code reusability. libavformat (Lavf)
FFmpeg
Standard library for the C programming language
string manipulation, mathematical computation, input/output processing, memory management, and input/output. The application programming interface (API)
C_standard_library
2026 smartphone by Apple
the front, which Apple claims to be able to provide three times better scratch resistance than the previous generation. The Ceramic Shield 2 is present
IPhone_17e
Form of interprocess communication
goals for redirection can be found already in the 1971 description of the input-output subsystem of the Multics OS. However, prior to the introduction of
Redirection_(computing)
Series of large language models developed by Google AI
models are encoder-decoder Transformers, where the encoder processes the input text, and the decoder generates the output text. T5 models are usually pretrained
T5_(language_model)
Information describing a problematic situation
limitations, the amount of information to be presented, and what kind of user input is required. Some systems have technical limitations that may constrain
Error_message
Upcoming video game
released in an episodic approach. This sequel would be worked completely from scratch, using none of the ideas and initial work that had been done under the
The_Wolf_Among_Us_2
2017 Super-35 digital cinema camera
supported in Adobe Premiere Pro CC 2018, DaVinci Resolve, and Assimilate Scratch v9. 8.85MP 4096x2160 Super 35 CMOS Sensor Dual DIGIC DV 6 Processors RAW
Canon_EOS_C200
Engineering applied to artificial intelligence
decision-making is a significant aspect of AI engineering. Whether starting from scratch or building on existing frameworks, engineers create solutions that operate
Artificial intelligence engineering
Artificial_intelligence_engineering
Uses a stylus and tablet/touchscreen
computer user-interface using a digital pen or stylus and tablet, over input devices such as a keyboard or a mouse. Historically, pen computing (defined
Pen_computing
Family of Unix-like operating systems
Linux Linux kernel version history Linux Documentation Project Linux From Scratch Linux Software Map LinuxQuestions.org Linux User Group (LUG) List of Linux
Linux
Portable media player models
metadata, but does not support HD-Radio. The flash Zune models also feature scratch resistant glass screens, similar to the screens used on the v2 Zunes. The
Zune_4,_8,_16
2023 studio album by Peter Gabriel
to Gabriel focusing on other projects such as his two orchestral albums Scratch My Back (2010) and New Blood (2011), which contained covers of songs by
I/O_(album)
2009 video game
activate accented beats, adjust their crossfade between the two songs, and "scratch" the turntable on the game's custom controller in time to marks that scroll
DJ_Hero
Theory about pain and the nervous system
gate control theory of pain asserts that non-painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the
Gate_control_theory
Programming language written graphically by a user
relations. VPLs are generally the basis of low-code development platforms. Scratch is an example of a VPL.[1] VPLs may be further classified, according to
Visual_programming_language
1993 personal digital assistant
Newton had a very intuitive system for handwritten editing, such as scratching out words to be deleted, circling text to be selected, or using written
MessagePad
Audio delay effects unit
and reverb sounds. The Space Echo has two microphone inputs, one instrument input, and one input for a mixer or PA. The character of the delay sound changes
Roland_Space_Echo
Device used for audio mixing
unique rhythmic scratching effects. Noise music musicians may create feedback loops within mixers, creating an instrument known as a no-input mixer. The tones
Mixing_console
Family of programming languages
realtime processor to handle the Teletype Model 33 teleprinters used for input and output. A team of a dozen undergraduates worked on the project for about
BASIC
Section of a source code file that is treated as if it were a separate file
one command file from another: $ COPY SYS$INPUT SYS$SCRATCH:TEMP.COM $ DECK /DOLLARS=$$$$ $ TYPE SYS$INPUT This is an example of using DECK to create
Here_document
Image-generating machine learning model
Stable Diffusion model supports the ability to generate new images from scratch through the use of a text prompt describing elements to be included or
Stable_Diffusion
Electronic game with user interface and visual feedback
is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface or input device (such as a joystick, controller, keyboard, or motion sensing device)
Video_game
Video game series
the tapes, angering Wooly but delighting Amanda, who names him "Chicken Scratch". Upon discovering other tapes and audio logs, Riley learns that Sam Colton
Amanda_the_Adventurer
Project within the German education initiative "Roberta – Learning with robots"
adapted for Open Roberta. The programming paradigm of NEPO is inspired by Scratch, which was developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A NEPO
Open_Roberta
Improved reduction for specific matrices
,1.} The implementation as a C function, which uses scratch space to avoid modifying its inputs for a-c, allowing them to be reused: void thomas(const
Tridiagonal_matrix_algorithm
2025 video game
(2004), and Koizumi and Donkey Kong's creator Shigeru Miyamoto provided input. EPD wanted to honor Donkey Kong's past while establishing a new direction
Donkey_Kong_Bananza
EP and studio album by 50 Cent
album's production was handled by Trackmasters, Red Spyda, Sha Self, DJ Scratch and Erick Sermon, among other producers and was leaked on YouTube in 2012
Power_of_the_Dollar
Computer networking utility
source-routing capability Can read command line arguments from standard input Slow-send mode, one line every N seconds Hex dump of transmitted and received
Netcat
Automotive control system
Core Microcontroller Memory SRAM EEPROM Flash Inputs Supply voltage and ground Digital inputs Analog inputs Outputs Actuator drivers (e.g. injectors, relays
Electronic_control_unit
2007 Microsoft portable media players
Zune Store. The Zune 80 and 120 have scratch-resistant glass displays, and the back can withstand fine scratches if dropped on the floor. The premium
Zune_80,_120
Multilingual neural machine translation service
Translate was released as a statistical machine translation (SMT) service. The input text had to be translated into English first before being translated into
Google_Translate
Large language model and AI chatbot by Anthropic
computers by interpreting screen content and simulating keyboard and mouse input. In 2025, Anthropic added a web search feature to Claude. Claude Pro and
Claude_(AI)
Software that manages separately different parts of display screens
porting from X11, and environments like COSMIC which were written from scratch as Wayland-native environments. Several standalone compositors such as
Windowing_system
Software application designed to run on mobile devices
wrapped app can not be changed. If required, it must be recreated from scratch, adding cost. An app wrapper is a mobile app made wholly from an existing
Mobile_app
Machine learning-powered structure design
instead of a 5x5 convolution). Next the new architectures are trained from scratch for a few epochs and their validation scores are obtained. This is followed
Neural_architecture_search
Developer of software for video games
sound, an original musical score, complex strategy and may use several input devices (such as mice, keyboards, gamepads and joysticks) and may be playable
Video_game_programmer
Analog videocassette recording format
reputation for being temperamental and unreliable, as well as the risk of scratches and hairline cracks. Incompatibilities in playing discs recorded on a
VHS
Machine learning model training problem
allowed researchers to train supervised deep artificial neural networks from scratch, initially with little success. Hochreiter's diplom thesis of 1991 formally
Vanishing_gradient_problem
2023 video game
the level design and ensuring they meshed. Superstars was developed from scratch using the Unity game engine, though the physics code was translated from
Sonic_Superstars
Place in Maharashtra, India
her open letter to Congress president, stated that she had got a specific input from Rahul Gandhi's office to stall the project. Both government and individual
Lavasa
Filesystem of OpenVMS and RSX-11 operating systems
Unix, VMS defines several standard input and output channels which are accessed through the logical names SYS$INPUT, SYS$OUTPUT, SYS$ERROR and SYS$COMMAND
Files-11
American software assisting English writing
scratch, to suggest and insert citations, to "humanize" the text to avoid it being flagged as AI-generated, and to predict grades based on user input
Grammarly
Music production style and hip hop subgenre
at its brawniest". The beat in some boom bap songs is interrupted by scratching, the process in which a disc jockey or hip hop producer will forcefully
Boom_bap
English rock musician (born 1959)
p. 8; ISBN 0-7119-1387-0 Doran, Rachel. "The Cure – A History", Spiral Scratch, 16 April 1992 Staff. "The Gothfather", Guitar World, June 1996 Apter,
Robert_Smith_(musician)
2026 video game
creating Miis through a number of outlets. These include making Miis from scratch using the in-game Mii Maker or a set of prompts. The Mii Makers includes
Tomodachi Life: Living the Dream
Tomodachi_Life:_Living_the_Dream
Corporate headquarters complex of Google
Paul (February 22, 2013). "Exclusive Preview: Google's New Built-from-Scratch Googleplex". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved
Googleplex
1999 studio album by the Flower Kings
Jazz, whose reviewer stated: "If you are a fan of progressive music... no scratch that... if you are a fan of ANY MUSIC, go buy Flower Power right now –
Flower Power (The Flower Kings album)
Flower_Power_(The_Flower_Kings_album)
Line of smartwatches
project, which would become the company's first major new product without input from late co-founder Steve Jobs. Apple started the project without specific
Apple_Watch
Indian period drama series
Sabharwal to create a story based on his idea, while providing additional inputs from Hartej Sawhney and Nishant Agarwal, and had several real life incidents
Jubilee_(TV_series)
Family of scientific calculators by Casio
Perfect Algebraic Method (V.P.A.M.), Natural Display or Natural V.P.A.M. input methods. V.P.A.M. is an infix system for entering mathematical expressions
Casio_V.P.A.M._calculators
SCRATCH INPUT
SCRATCH INPUT
Biblical
Ecclesiasticus or the Sirach = Joshua, Joshua, saviour, or whose help is Jehovah Jehovah, I am; the eternal living one Jehovah, self-subsisting
Girl/Female
Hindu
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Old English lang ‘long’ + feld ‘stretch of open country’, or a habitational name from a place so named, such as Langfield in Kent.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Midlands)
English (chiefly Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Midlands) : topographic name for someone who lived in a house by a stretch of water or perhaps a moated house, from Middle English water ‘water’ + hous ‘house’.Richard Waterhouse, a tanner from Yorkshire, England, emigrated to Portsmouth, NH, in 1669.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English strech, strecche ‘strong’, ‘violent’.
Male
Arthurian
, (Sir), a Scotch knight.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
Hindu
Autumn, Super boy, Complete or meaningful
Boy/Male
Tamil
Autumn, Super boy, Complete or meaningful
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Moon Light in Sarath Ruthuvu
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Walter, representing the normal medieval pronunciation of the name.English and German (Rhineland) : topographic name for someone who lived by a stretch of water, Middle English, Low German water.Irish : adopted as an English translation of Gaelic Ó Fuartháin (see Foran), being wrongly taken as Ó Fuaruisce ‘son of cold water’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name for someone from Crewe in Cheshire, named with Old Welsh criu ‘weir’. This denoted a wickerwork fence that was stretched across a river to catch fish.
Boy/Male
Hawaiian
A Maui demigod who could take the form of a rope and stretch from Molokai to Hawaii.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Rochford.English : variant of Rackford, a habitational name from Rackenford in Devon, recorded in Domesday Book as Racheneforda, which Mills interprets as ‘ford suitable for riding, by a stretch of river’.
Girl/Female
Native American
To catch up with.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu
Sun
Boy/Male
Native American
Screech owl spirit.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Non Violence Movement; Catch; Fasting
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : ethnic name for someone from Scotland.
Male
Native American
Native American Hopi name KOTORI means "screech owl spirit."
SCRATCH INPUT
SCRATCH INPUT
Girl/Female
Maori
Beloved child.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Female
Bulgarian
, camp glory.
Female
English
Variant spelling of Welsh Gwyneth, GWENNETH means "luck, happiness."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Netherlands, Swedish
Archer; Yew Wood
Boy/Male
African, Hindu, Indian, Japanese
Indra's Younger Brother
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Joys; Delights
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Beautiful
Boy/Male
Indian
Need, Strong grip
SCRATCH INPUT
SCRATCH INPUT
SCRATCH INPUT
SCRATCH INPUT
SCRATCH INPUT
n.
Course; direction; as, the stretch of seams of coal.
v. t. & v. i.
To scranch; to crunch.
n.
A line across the prize ring; up to which boxers are brought when they join fight; hence, test, trial, or proof of courage; as, to bring to the scratch; to come up to the scratch.
v. t.
To exaggerate; to extend too far; as, to stretch the truth; to stretch one's credit.
a.
Made, done, or happening by chance; arranged with little or no preparation; determined by circumstances; haphazard; as, a scratch team; a scratch crew for a boat race; a scratch shot in billiards.
imp. & p. p.
of Scratch
n.
Act of stretching, or state of being stretched; reach; effort; struggle; strain; as, a stretch of the limbs; a stretch of the imagination.
n.
One who, or that which, scratches; specifically (Zool.), any rasorial bird.
v. t.
To scratch.
v. t.
To dig or excavate with the claws; as, some animals scratch holes, in which they burrow.
v. i.
To attempt to seize something suddenly; to catch; -- often with at; as, to snatch at a rope.
v. t.
To cause to extend in breadth; to spread; to expand; as, to stretch cloth; to stretch the wings.
a.
Characterized by scratches.
v. t.
To tear with the nails; to cover with scratches.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Scratch
v. t.
To scratch.
v.
To scratch.
n.
A screech.
n.
A forked stanchion or post; a crotch. See Crotch.
v. i.
To use the claws or nails in tearing or in digging; to make scratches.