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Egypt's first experience of secularism started with the British Occupation (1882–1922), the atmosphere which allowed the protection of debate. In this
Secularism_in_Egypt
Relationship between secularism and Islam
Secularism—that is, the separation of religion from civic affairs and the state—has been a controversial concept in Islamic political thought, owing in
Islam_and_secularism
is the second largest religion in Egypt. The vast majority of Egyptian Christians are Copts. As of 2019, Copts in Egypt make up approximately 10 percent
Christianity_in_Egypt
Political party in Egypt
The Egyptian Congress Party (Arabic: حزب المؤتمر المصري), or Egyptian Conference Party, is a secularist political party in Egypt. It was created by the
Egyptian_Congress_Party
Political party in Egypt
The Egyptian Popular Current (التيار الشعبي المصري at-tāyar ash-shāʿībi al-masri) is a movement in Egypt, created after the 2012 presidential elections
Egyptian_Popular_Current
Political party in Egypt
and secular political party in Egypt advocating democracy and patriotism. This liberal party was a political party in Egypt until the merger with another
Liberal_Egyptian_Party
Political party in Egypt
The Egyptian National Movement, or Egyptian Patriotic Movement (Arabic: الحركة الوطنية المصرية) is a political party initiated by former presidential
Egyptian_National_Movement
Political party in Egypt
Arabic: جبهة الإنقاذ الوطني) is an alliance of Egyptian political parties, formed to defeat Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi's 22 November 2012 constitutional
National Salvation Front (Egypt)
National_Salvation_Front_(Egypt)
Former political party in Egypt
referred to in Egypt as simply the National Party (Arabic: الحزب الوطني, romanized: El-Ḥizb el-Waṭanī), was the ruling political party in Egypt from 1978
National Democratic Party (Egypt)
National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)
Arab socialist and nationalist political ideology
international spheres, it combines elements of Arab socialism, republicanism, secularism, nationalism, anti-imperialism, developing world solidarity, Pan-Arabism
Nasserism
Country in North Africa
liberal path for Egypt expressed as a commitment to personal freedom, secularism and faith in science to bring progress. The Egyptians were one of the
Egypt
Ethnoreligious group in North Africa
Egyptians, the term Copt became synonymous with native Christians in light of Egypt's Islamization and Arabization after the Muslim conquest of Egypt
Copts
Christian denomination based in Egypt
Patriarchate of Alexandria, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt. The head of the Coptic Orthodox church and of the See of Alexandria is
Coptic_Orthodox_Church
Lack of religious belief or religion by some of Egypt's population
Religion in Egypt Secularism in Egypt Freedom of religion in Egypt Christianity in Egypt Islam in Egypt Demographics of Egypt "Atheists in Egypt: Life on
Irreligion_in_Egypt
Former Egyptian center-right political party
'Delegation Party') was a nationalist liberal political party in Egypt. It was said to be Egypt's most popular and influential political party for a period
Wafd_Party
Defunct Egyptian electoral alliance
The Egyptian Bloc (Arabic: الكتلة المصرية, al-kutla al-miṣrīya) was an electoral alliance in Egypt. It was formed in August 2011 by several liberal, social
Egyptian_Bloc
Position that religion should not influence civic and state affairs
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion. It is most commonly thought
Secularism
Political party in Egypt
[ˈħezb elˈɣæd]; "The Tomorrow Party") is a political party in Egypt that was granted license in October 2004. El-Ghad is a centrist liberal secular political
El-Ghad_Party
The Catholic Church in Egypt is considerably small as compared to the rest of the Christian population in Egypt, which is a significant minority among
Catholic_Church_in_Egypt
Political party in Egypt
officially the Egyptian Wafd Party (Arabic: حزب الوفد المصري), and also known as the Al-Wafd Party, is a nationalist liberal party in Egypt. It is the extension
Egyptian_Wafd_Party
Political party in Egypt
Party Freedom Egypt Party Popular Current Party Bread and Freedom Party Socialist Party of Egypt Egyptian Social Democratic Party "7 Egyptian parties join
Civil_Democratic_Current
Political party in Egypt
حزب غد الثورة Ḥizb Ghad el-Thawra; "Revolution's Tomorrow Party"), is an Egyptian political party that was approved on 9 October 2011. Headed by Ayman Nour
Ghad_El-Thawra_Party
Aspect of Egypt's Muslim demographic
Shia Islam in Egypt refers to the community of Shia Muslims living in Egypt. Shia Islam has historical roots in Egypt dating back to the Fatimid Caliphate
Shia_Islam_in_Egypt
Coptic Egyptian nationalist (1862–1932)
Khayat died in 1932. 1919 Egyptian revolution Coptic identity Coptic nationalism Copts Egyptian nationalism Egyptians Liberalism in Egypt Pharaonism Ibrahim
George_Khayat
Egyptian activist group formed to organize the 2008 nationwide workers' strike
Movement (Arabic: حركة شباب 6 أبريل) is an Egyptian activist group established in Spring 2008 to support the workers in El-Mahalla El-Kubra, an industrial town
April_6_Youth_Movement
Political party in Egypt
The Egypt Youth Party is a small democratic secular political party in Egypt. [1] at sis.gov.eg v t e
Egypt_Youth_Party
Political party in Egypt
the 2011 Egyptian revolution. It supports the principles of a liberal, democratic, and secular political order in Egypt. The Free Egyptians Party was
Free_Egyptians_Party
Secularism in a specifically Jewish context
Jewish secularism (Hebrew: יהדות חילונית) refers to secularism in a Jewish context, denoting the definition of Jewish identity with little or no attention
Jewish_secularism
Political party in Egypt
al-democrati) is an Egyptian political party, with a membership of around 215 members. The party presses for achieving unity between Egypt and Sudan and separation
Democratic Union Party (Egypt)
Democratic_Union_Party_(Egypt)
500,000 to 1,000,000 Protestants in Egypt, with 300,000 to 600,000 being members of the Evangelical Church of Egypt, Pentecostals number 300,000 to 350
Protestantism_in_Egypt
Coptic Christians murdered by ISIL, Martyrs and Saints
from different villages in Egypt, 13 of them from Al-Our, Minya Governorate, were kidnapped in Sirte on 27 December 2014, and in January 2015. On February
21 Coptic Christian Martyrs of Libya
21_Coptic_Christian_Martyrs_of_Libya
Egyptian actress (born 1980)
so soon in her career caused controversy. It sparked a massive debate in Egypt about the veil and the decline of secularism within Egyptian society and
Hala_Shiha
Tunisian experience of secularism
Secularism in Tunisia is an ideological and political movement aiming at defining the relationship between religion and state and the place of religion
Secularism_in_Tunisia
promotion of any religion. Officially, secularism has always inspired modern India. However, India's secularism does not completely separate religion and
Secularism_in_India
Egyptian Islamic advisory body
al-Miṣriyya) is an Egyptian Islamic advisory, justiciary and governmental body established as a centre for Islam and Islamic legal research in Egypt in 1313 AH /
Dar_al-Ifta_al-Misriyyah
Islamica. Fauzi M. Najjar (Spring, 1996). The debate on Islam and secularism in Egypt, Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ). Averroes (2005). Averroes On Plato's
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam
was enacted. Nevertheless, in practice the National Democratic Party was the long-time ruling party and dominated the Egyptian political arena, first under
List of political parties in Egypt
List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt
ancient Egyptian culture. It centered on the Egyptians' interactions with many deities believed to be present and in control of the world. About 1,500 deities
Ancient_Egyptian_religion
King of Egypt from 1936 to 1952
backlash and the charge that secularism was merely a device for allowing the Coptic Christian minority to dominate Egypt at the expense of the Muslim
Farouk_of_Egypt
Political party in Egypt
started by Coptic activist Mikel Mounir. "Egyptian authorities approve new party founded by Coptic activist". Egypt Independent. 31 October 2011. Retrieved
Haya_Party
Attack on Coptic Christians in Egypt
killed and another ninety-seven were injured in a bombing attack targeting Coptic Christians in Alexandria, Egypt, on New Year's Day, 1 January 2011. The attack
2011_Alexandria_bombing
State or country without a state religion
Movements for laïcité in France and separation of church and state in the United States have defined modern concepts of secularism, the United States of
Secular_state
Christian seminary, 2nd-4th centuries
Constantinople, convened in 381", a little while after the death of St. Athanasius of Alexandria, "had far-reaching effects for Egypt". After declaring the
School_of_Alexandria
Political upheaval in Egypt
The 2011 Egyptian revolution, also known as the 25 January Revolution (Arabic: ثورة ٢٥ يناير, romanized: Thawrat khamsa wa-ʿišrūn yanāyir), began on 25
2011_Egyptian_revolution
Ethnic group native to Egypt
Egyptians are an ethnic group native to the Nile Valley in Egypt. Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population is concentrated in the
Egyptians
Jews in Egypt goes back to ancient times. Egyptian Jews or Jewish Egyptians refer to the Jewish community in Egypt who mainly consisted of Egyptian Arabic-speaking
History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt
Copts and broader patterns of discrimination against Christians in Egypt are reflected in a range of documented incidents throughout the country's history
Persecution_of_Copts
Islamic movement
Ahmadiyya is an Islamic movement in Egypt with origins in the Indian subcontinent. Although the earliest contact between Egyptians and the Ahmadiyya movement
Ahmadiyya_in_Egypt
Islam is the dominant religion in Egypt, with approximately 90% of Egyptians identifying as Muslims. The majority of Egyptian Muslims are adherents of Sunni
Islam_in_Egypt
2017 suicide bombings at Coptic churches in Egypt
George's Church in the northern Egyptian city of Tanta on the Nile Delta, and Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, the principal church in Alexandria,
Palm_Sunday_church_bombings
Suicide bombing on 11 December 2016 inside a Coptic church in Cairo, Egypt
Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope, in Cairo's Abbasia district. Egypt's president, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi identified the bomber as
Botroseya_Church_bombing
Massacre of Coptic Christians in Egypt in 2010
the eve of 7 January 2010, in the Egyptian city of Nag Hammadi. The massacre occurred when Mohamed Hussein started shooting in front of the Nag Hammadi
Nag_Hammadi_massacre
American anthropologist, Professor, University of California, Berkeley
minorities in the 1923 Egyptian constitution and again in 2012 after the Egyptian Revolution. Mahmood concludes that "political secularism is the modern
Saba_Mahmood
Military overthrow of King Farouk
enrollment of the other power brokers in Egypt's political arena. In opposition to the new constitution with its overt secularism was the Muslim Brotherhood. Additionally
Egyptian_revolution_of_1952
Egyptian Women's Movement' Nadje Al-Ali ISBN 0-521-78022-5 (Nelson, 1996: 168-177) 'Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East. The Egyptian
Feminism_in_Egypt
Transnational Sunni Islamist organization
the Brotherhood is opposed to secularism and seeks the implementation of Shari'a (Islamic law) as the basis of Egyptian legal system and insists on complying
Muslim_Brotherhood
Islamica. Fauzi M. Najjar (Spring, 1996). The debate on Islam and secularism in Egypt , Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ). Henry Corbin, History of Islamic
Early_Islamic_philosophy
Coptic Orthodox martyr and saint
After the French left Egypt, Master Gergis El-Gohary, Master Wasef, and Master Malati were protected by the rulers of Egypt. In a disturbance at the time
Master_Malati
Political party
for secularism. This ideology placed emphasis on the formation of a nationally conscious intellectual elite which would play a vanguard role in a revolution
Arab_Nationalist_Movement
The Egyptian Gazette, first published on 26 January 1880, is the oldest English-language newspaper in the Middle East. Today, the Egyptian daily is part
The_Egyptian_Gazette
Political party in Egypt
across Egypt. Its foundation was celebrated with the first party conference being held in Al-Azhar Park. It supports centrism and secularism. The founding
Justice_Party_(Egypt)
Secular variant of Zionism
Cultural Zionism Religious Zionism Secularism in Israel Irreligion in Israel Hiloni Jewish atheism Jewish secularism Avineri, Shlomo (2017). The Making
Secular_Zionism
The Baháʼí Faith in Egypt has existed for over 150 years. The first followers of the Baháʼí Faith arrived in Egypt in 1863. Baháʼu'lláh, founder of the
Baháʼí_Faith_in_Egypt
Roman Catholicism in Egypt Protestantism in Egypt Religion in Egypt Freedom of religion in Egypt Human rights in Egypt "Egypt: Egyptian authorities failing
Oriental_Orthodoxy_in_Egypt
Coptic Orthodox monastery in Middle Egypt
Buschhausen in 1992. The 12th-century historian Abu al-Makarim mentions the church of Saint Fana, which was restored by al-Rashid Abu Fadl. Egyptian historian
Monastery_of_Saint_Fana
Egyptian Islam scholar, judge and government minister
an Egyptian scholar of Islam, judge and government minister. His writings, some controversial, debated the role of religion and Islamic history in 20th-century
Ali_Abdel_Raziq
Egyptian political theorist and revolutionary (1906–1966)
Ibrahim Husayn Shadhili Qutb (9 October 1906 – 29 August 1966) was an Egyptian political theorist and revolutionary who was a leading member of the Muslim
Sayyid_Qutb
Egyptian scholar, 1938-2008
El-Messiri's major areas of research included: Jews, Judaism and Zionism; secularism and prejudice; Western culture and contemporaneity; modernism and postmodernism;
Abdel_Wahab_El-Messiri
Series of attacks in Giza, Egypt on 7 May 2011
attacks that took place in Egypt on 7 May 2011 against Coptic Christian churches in the poor working-class neighborhood of Imbaba in Giza, near Cairo. The
2011_Imbaba_church_attacks
Face-covering veil in Egyptian society
to Egypt's catastrophic loss to Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, and the seeming failure of secularism, there also was a push to return to Egypt's Islamic
Niqāb_in_Egypt
Parliamentary elections were held in two stages in Egypt in 1923 and 1924, the first since nominal independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. The result was a
1923–24 Egyptian parliamentary election
1923–24_Egyptian_parliamentary_election
Violent Egyptian riot against distribution of controversial religious play recordings
2005 Alexandria riot was an anti-Christian riot in the Egyptian port city of Alexandria, resulting in several casualties. The riot was an escalation of
2005_Alexandria_riot
2017 terrorist attack in Cairo, Egypt
On 29 December 2017, in Helwan, Cairo, Egypt, a gunman opened fire at the Coptic Orthodox Church of Saint Menas and a nearby shop owned by a Coptic man
Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church
2000 massacre of Coptic Christians in Egypt
of a massacre in Kosheh, Upper Egypt, located 450 kilometres south of Cairo, on Sunday, 2 January 2000. The Coptic Christians killed in this incident
Kosheh_massacres
Lebanese intellectual and author
Farah Antoun, was among the first Lebanese Christians to openly argue for secularism and equality regardless of religious affiliation. He also, though uncommon
Farah_Antun
List of terrorist attacks in Egypt from the 1940s to the present day
Terrorism in Egypt in the 20th and 21st centuries has targeted the Egyptian government officials, Egyptian police and Egyptian army members, tourists,
Terrorism_in_Egypt
Form of liberalism which involves secular values
further weakening the principles of secularism that had long been challenged by certain political factions within Egypt. Age of Enlightenment Culture war
Secular_liberalism
Ethnic group in Egypt
Turks in Egypt, also referred to as Egyptian Turks, Turkish-Egyptians and Turco-Egyptians (Arabic: أتراك مصر Turkish: Mısır Türkleri) are Egyptian citizens
Turks_in_Egypt
Attack in Egypt
2017, masked gunmen opened fire on a convoy carrying Copts from Maghagha in Egypt's Minya Governorate to the Monastery of Saint Samuel the Confessor, killing
2017_Minya_bus_attack
19th-century Coptic martyr and saint
Orthodox martyr and saint. Bishay was a government employee in the city of Damietta, Egypt, at the time of Muhammad Ali. He was accused by Muslims of cursing
Sidhom_Bishay
Aspect of Egyptian history
of popular Egyptian culture. Novels, plays, science-fiction, philosophy books singing the praises of Islam, often by converts from secularism. (An example
History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat
History_of_Egypt_under_Anwar_Sadat
crises in recent history. The conflict has also seen heavy influence from foreign powers, especially Russia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia
Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)
Demonstrations against the destruction of a church in Egypt
demonstrations began in October 2011 by a group dominated by Egyptian Copts in reaction to the demolition of a church in Upper Egypt claimed to be built
Maspero_demonstrations
culture of Egypt has thousands of years of recorded history. A cradle of civilization, Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations in the world
Culture_of_Egypt
Bilateral relations
Nasser, Egypt, backed by the Soviet Union, came to represent the Non-Aligned Movement and pan-Arabism, and was a nominal advocate of secularism and republicanism
Egypt–Saudi_Arabia_relations
ideological divide between the two: Nasser sought to implement secularism and Arab nationalism in Egypt, while the Muslim Brotherhood advocated for the establishment
Attempted assassination of Gamal Abdel Nasser
Attempted_assassination_of_Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nationalist political party in Egypt (1933–1953)
was a fascist Egyptian nationalist political party. It is notable for counting a young Anwar Sadat as a member. in the 19th century, Egypt underwent massive
Young_Egypt_Party_(1933)
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt in two phases from 17 October to 2 December 2015 to elect members of the House of Representatives. The elected
2015 Egyptian parliamentary election
2015_Egyptian_parliamentary_election
Egyptian academic and politician
architects of modern Egyptian nationalism as well as the architect of Egyptian secularism and liberalism. He was fondly known as the "Professor of the Generation"
Ahmed_Lutfi_el-Sayed
1918–1919 revolution in Egypt
The 1919 Egyptian revolution (Arabic: ثورة 1919, Thawra 1919) was a nation-wide revolution in the Sultanate of Egypt against British occupation that lasted
1919_Egyptian_revolution
Attempt to convert others to a religion
Jihad in South Asia, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0674047365, pages 117–146 CS Adcock (2014), The Limits of Tolerance: Indian Secularism and the
Proselytism
Political ideology in Egypt
Market Making in Egypt. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9781503612204. Alkhadher, Talal (2025). The Political Left in Egypt: Secularism and Democratization
Socialism_in_Egypt
Egyptian writer, professor, and human rights activist
defended secularism and ‘Western’ human rights, was Farag Foda. Foda was noted for his critical articles and satires of Islamic fundamentalism in Egypt. In many
Farag_Foda
Iraqi author
(2002) Secularism & the State in the Middle East: The Egyptian Women’s Movements (2000) Gender Writing/Writing Gender: The representation of women in a selection
Nadje_Sadig_Al-Ali
Application of such Law
Abdoulaye. "Secularism in Senegal: Withstanding the Challenge of Local Realities" (PDF). Institute for the Study of Islamic Thought in Africa. Archived
Application of Sharia by country
Application_of_Sharia_by_country
Egyptian political movement
at-Taḥrīr) was a short-lived political organization created after the Egyptian revolution of 1952 to organize popular support for the government. Formed
Liberation_Rally
British-Pakistani anthropologist (born 1932)
discipline. He is also known for his writing calling for an anthropology of secularism. His work has had a significant influence beyond his home discipline of
Talal_Asad
Defunct Egyptian electoral alliance
alliance of Egyptian political parties, formed after the Egyptian parliamentary elections that occurred in 2011 and 2012. Wasat Party Egyptian Current Party
Moderate_Current_Coalition
formal school was developed in Egypt's Middle Kingdom under the direction of Kheti, treasurer to Mentuhotep II (2061–2010 BC). In ancient India, education
History_of_education
Life stance that embraces human reason, secular ethics, and philosophical naturalism
which are explicitly non-religious or atheistic. In 1851 George Holyoake coined the term "secularism" to describe "a form of opinion which concerns itself
Secular_humanism
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT
SECULARISM IN-EGYPT