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Subset of laws regarding chattel slavery and enslaved people
designed for the slave societies of the Americas. English colonies largely had their own local slave codes, mostly based on the codes of either the colonies
Slave_codes
Laws that founded Virginia's slave legislation
The Virginia Slave Codes of 1705 (formally entitled An act concerning Servants and Slaves), were a series of laws enacted by the Colony of Virginia's House
Virginia_Slave_Codes_of_1705
1661 slave law in English colony of Barbados
write a comprehensive slave code, its code was especially influential." The Barbados Slave Code served as the basis for the slave codes adopted in several
Barbados_Slave_Code
Part of historical South Carolina law
established its first slave code in 1695. The code was based on the 1684 Jamaica slave code, which was in turn based on the 1661 Barbados Slave Code. The South Carolina
South_Carolina_slave_codes
Segregationist and discriminatory state and local laws passed after the Civil War
Civil War, white legislatures passed Black Codes modeled after the earlier slave codes. (The name "Black Codes" was given by "Negro leaders and the Republican
Black_Codes_(United_States)
Armed men who enforced discipline against slaves in the antebellum South
know as slave codes. Patrols enforced what were called slave codes, laws which controlled almost every aspect of the lives of enslaved people. Slave patrols
Slave_patrol
own slave code, many concepts were shared throughout the slave states. According to the slave codes, some of which were passed in reaction to slave rebellions
Slavery_in_the_United_States
Aspect of law in the colony of New York
The New York slave codes were a series of slave codes passed in the Province of New York to regulate slavery. The first slave code was passed in 1702
New_York_slave_codes
Act of an enslaver freeing the persons they enslaved
Retrieved 1 May 2025. Wilson, Black Codes (1965), p. 15. Taylor loc 491. Taylor loc 604 Taylor loc 598 Wilson, Black Codes (1965), p. 16. Levy, Andrew (26
Manumission
1685 law on slavery in the French colonial empire
Slavery in Haiti Slave codes Slave rebellions Black Codes Slave Trade Acts Panis Stovall, p. 205. Breathett, George. "Catholicism and the Code Noir in Haiti"
Code_noir
Ownership of people as property
slave population in the 1670s and 1680s never exceeded 10,000, by 1800 it had increased to over 300,000. The increased implementation of slave codes or
Slavery
Danish colony in the Caribbean (1672–1917)
export of firearms and other manufactured goods to Africa in exchange for slaves, who were then transported to the Caribbean to work the sugar plantations
Danish_West_Indies
Historical division of United States by legality of slavery
domestic slave trade were prohibited, while a slave state was one in which they were legal. Between 1812 and 1850, it was considered by the slave states
Slave_states_and_free_states
ethnicities and religious groups. The social, economic, and legal positions of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slavery in different times
History_of_slavery
Louis. Spanish officials established slaves codes in the 1770s. Under U.S. rule, Missouri's territorial slave code was enacted in 1804, a year after the
History of slavery in Missouri
History_of_slavery_in_Missouri
slavery were called slave codes. In the territories and states established after the United States became independent, these slave codes were designed by
Treatment of slaves in the United States
Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States
Whipping as a punishment
was also given to slave "patrollers," an early form of police forces who were authorized to whip any slave who violated the slave codes. Historians have
Flagellation
First official slave in the Thirteen Colonies
sentenced in July 1640 by the Virginia Governor's Council to serve as a slave for the remainder of his life. The two European men who ran away with him
John_Punch_(slave)
Cargo ship carrying slaves onboard from Africa to the Americas
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known
Slave_ship
Stock short title used for UK and US legislation
ventrem Fugitive Slave Clause of the U.S. Constitution Three-Fifths Compromise of the U.S. Constitution Slave and free states Slave codes pertaining to individual
Slave_Trade_Act
Former prevalent economic practice in the US
Slave breeding was the practice in slave states of the United States of slave owners systematically forcing slaves to have sexual relations and bear children
Slave breeding in the United States
Slave_breeding_in_the_United_States
The Black Sea slave trade trafficked people across the Black Sea from Eastern Europe and the Caucasus to slavery in the Mediterranean and the Middle East
Black_Sea_slave_trade
American slave rebellion leader (1800–1831)
enslaved Black carpenter and preacher who led a four-day rebellion of both slave and free Black people in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831. Nat
Nat_Turner
importation of black slaves from West Africa. Several black slave codes were implemented in the late-17th century which resulted in several slave rebellion attempts
History_of_Barbados
servants unite with all classes of Africans. In response the Virginia Slave Codes of 1705 were enacted, socially segregated white colonists from black
White supremacy in the United States
White_supremacy_in_the_United_States
the Ottoman Empire's economy and traditional society. The main sources of slaves were wars and politically organized enslavement expeditions in the Caucasus
Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
c. 650–1930 CE slave trade
trans-Saharan slave trade was a Muslim slave trade across the Sahara, from the 7th century until the early-to-mid-20th century. Slaves, primarily from
Trans-Saharan_slave_trade
Escape of enslaved people to Mexico
Nation passed slave codes that regulated slave trade; forbade intermarriage; enumerated punishment for runaway slaves; and prohibited slaves from owning
1842 Slave Revolt in the Cherokee Nation
1842_Slave_Revolt_in_the_Cherokee_Nation
Movement to end slavery
held slaves, particularly in the South around New Orleans, where they established sugarcane plantations. Louis XIV's Code Noir regulated the slave trade
Abolitionism
Purported 1712 speech, a hoax
speech given by a slave owner, in which he tells other slave masters that he has discovered the "secret" to controlling black slaves by setting them against
William_Lynch_speech
Slavery with the intention of using the slaves for sex
concubine slaves in the Arab World. These slaves came largely from Sub-Saharan Africa (mainly Zanj via the Trans-Saharan slave trade, Red Sea slave trade
Sexual_slavery
were codified into Virginia's first slave code, An act concerning Servants and Slaves. The Virginia Slave Codes of 1705 stated that people who were not
History of slavery in Virginia
History_of_slavery_in_Virginia
Generally not legal before the American Civil War
this country doing about it? Nothing at all! — Francis William Kellogg Slave codes, federal and state laws that controlled African Americans' legal status
Slave marriages in the United States
Slave_marriages_in_the_United_States
Act of the United States Congress
The Fugitive Slave Act or Fugitive Slave Law was a statute passed by the 31st United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise
Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850
Character in Alex Haley's ''Roots''
blindfolded, gagged, bound, and a prisoner. He and others were put on the slave ship the Lord Ligonier for a four-month Middle Passage voyage to North America
Kunta_Kinte
The Balkan slave trade was the trade in slaves from the Balkans via Venetian slave traders across the Adriatic and Aegean Seas to Italy, Spain, and the
Balkan_slave_trade
Ocean slave trade, sometimes known as the East African slave trade, involved the capture and transportation of predominantly sub-Saharan African slaves along
Indian_Ocean_slave_trade
Person enslaved or sentenced to row in a galley
A galley slave was a slave rowing in a galley, either a convicted criminal sentenced to work at the oar (French: galérien), or a kind of human chattel
Galley_slave
Armed uprising by slaves
A slave rebellion is an armed uprising by slaves, as a way of fighting for their freedom. Rebellions of slaves have occurred in nearly all societies that
Slave_rebellion
Regional history of slavery in the US
547–548. ISBN 0-87436-885-5. OCLC 37884790. Ingersoll, Thomas N. (1995). "Slave Codes and Judicial Practice in New Orleans, 1718-1807". Law and History Review
History of slavery in Louisiana
History_of_slavery_in_Louisiana
Slaves in Viking society
The division is of importance in the Germanic law codes, which make special provisions for slaves, who were property and could be bought and sold, but
Thrall
Historical terms for people escaping slavery in the US
Fugitive slaves or runaway slaves were historical terms used in the 18th and 19th centuries to describe individuals who fled the institution of slavery
Fugitive slaves in the United States
Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States
owned slaves at some point in their lives; of these, eight owned slaves while in office. Ten of the first twelve American presidents owned slaves, the
List of presidents of the United States who owned slaves
List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_owned_slaves
changes are the move away from the forward purchase of slave labor, and the existence of slaves as an employment category. While the statistics suggest
Slavery_in_the_21st_century
Enslavement of people of European descent
White slavery (also white slave trade or white slave trafficking) refers to the enslavement of any of the world's European ethnic groups throughout human
White_slavery
Name given to an enslaved person
A slave name is the personal name given by others to an enslaved person, or a name inherited from enslaved ancestors. In ancient Rome, slaves were given
Slave_name
Historical name of a region in West Africa
The Slave Coast is a historical region along the Atlantic coast of West Africa, encompassing parts of modern-day Togo, Benin, and Nigeria. It is located
Slave_Coast_of_West_Africa
slaves from the British Isles to France. In the Frankish Middle Ages, France served as a middle station in the saqaliba slave trade of Pagan slaves from
Slavery_in_France
Slave trade between Africa and the West
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people to the Americas. This trade
Atlantic_slave_trade
Slave markets in North Africa
The Barbary slave trade involved the capture of an estimated 1.25 million Europeans and selling them at slave markets in the largely independent Ottoman
Barbary_slave_trade
slaves, although there are a few exceptions where Hebrew slaves are treated differently from non-Hebrew slaves. The laws include punishment for slave
Jewish_views_on_slavery
Post-Marxist social and economic concept
quotas. In 1661, the Barbados Slave Code was signed into law by the colonial legislature, serving as a basis for other slave codes throughout the Americas.
Racial_capitalism
Network for fugitive slaves in 19th-century U.S.
15, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021. "Underground Railroad Codes" (PDF). Myths and Codes of the Underground Railroad. Safe Passage. Greater Cincinnati
Underground_Railroad
Slaves were one of the main goods traded in the Khazar Khaganate in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The Khazar Khaganate was a buffer state between Europe
Khazar_slave_trade
Indentured servant, farmer, enslaver (1600–1670)
community of Negro property owners in America". In the early 1620s, African slave traders kidnapped the man who would later be known as Anthony Johnson in
Anthony_Johnson_(colonist)
century, harsh new slave codes limited the rights of African slaves and cut off their avenues to freedom. The first full-scale slave code in British North
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States
Law establishing servitude in the English colony of Barbados
B. (2013). "The Development of Mastery and Race in the Comprehensive Slave Codes of the Greater Caribbean during the Seventeenth Century". The William
Barbados_Servant_Code
1865 amendment abolishing slavery
updated after emancipation, were known as Black Codes. Mississippi was the first state to pass such codes, with an 1865 law titled "An Act to confer Civil
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Central Asian trade (17th century – 1873)
center of slave trade in Central Asia from the 17th century until the Russian conquest in 1873. The slave market in Khiva mainly trafficked slaves from Russia
Khivan_slave_trade
Type of corporal punishment
method of physical punishment was first used as a form of discipline on slaves in Ancient Greece termed rhaphanidosis. The detainee was restrained to varying
Figging
Venetian slave trade refers to the slave trade conducted by the Republic of Venice, primarily from the Early Middle Ages to the Late Middle Ages. The slave trade
Venetian_slave_trade
The Genoese slave trade refers to the slave trade conducted by the Republic of Genoa, which was a major business during primarily the Middle Ages. In
Genoese_slave_trade
Escaped slaves living in American swamplands
Americas. The Africans were legally deemed to be indentured servants, since slave codes were not passed in Virginia until 1661. As indentured servants, they
Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons
Ethnic group
unattractive to poor whites. Slave codes were implemented in 1661, 1676, 1682, and 1688. In response to these codes, several slave rebellions were attempted
Afro-Barbadians
Trade among three ports or regions
The most commonly cited example of a triangular trade is the Atlantic slave trade, but other examples existed. These include the seventeenth-century
Triangular_trade
Form of child sexual abuse in Central Asia
Afghan militia commander who had been responsible for keeping a boy as a sex slave. In 2022, after the Taliban's return to power following the United States'
Bacha_bazi
African American activist and scholar (c. 1780–1842)
activist and scholar who successfully challenged District of Columbia slave codes in the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia. Little is known of
William_Costin
People who tracked down escaped slaves in the United States
A slave catcher is a person employed to track down and return escaped slaves to their enslavers. The first slave catchers in the Americas were active in
Slave_catcher
Visigothic law codes continued to control slave ownership. However, as William Phillips notes, medieval Iberia should not be thought of as a slave society,
Slavery_in_medieval_Europe
The Red Sea slave trade, sometimes known as the Islamic slave trade, Arab slave trade, or Oriental slave trade, was a slave trade across the Red Sea trafficking
Red_Sea_slave_trade
Notion of attaining civil and political rights or equality
holiday Emancipation Day is celebrated to mark the end of the Atlantic slave trade. The term emancipation derives from the Latin ēmancĭpo/ēmancĭpatio
Emancipation
US Congressional Act of 1807
Importation of Slaves of 1807 (2 Stat. 426, enacted March 2, 1807) is a United States federal law that prohibits the importation of slaves into the United
Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
Act_Prohibiting_Importation_of_Slaves
Place where slaves were bought and sold
A slave market was a place where slaves were bought and sold. These markets were a key phenomenon in the history of slavery. Since antiquity, cities along
Slave_market
the ancient Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade and the Red Sea slave trade continued to traffic slaves from the African continent
Islamic_views_on_slavery
Practice of slavery in Muslim era Spain
Christian slaves captured during the constant warfare and slave raids across Iberian borders. Christian Europe exported Pagan Europeans as slaves to al-Andalus
Slavery_in_al-Andalus
the Carolina slave codes. The Carolina slave codes would subsequently be adopted in Georgia in 1770, and Florida would adopt the Georgia code soon after
Barbadian_Adventurers
One of the four census regions of the US
recruited to perpetuate the South." The Barbados Slave Code of 1661 served as the basis for the slave codes adopted in the British American colonies of the
Southern_United_States
9th-11th century enslavement of Slavic people between Central Europe and Islamic Iberia
The Prague slave trade refers to the slave trade conducted between the Duchy of Bohemia and the Caliphate of Córdoba in Moorish al-Andalus in roughly
Prague_slave_trade
Continent
with European conquerors and immigrants and, more locally, with African slaves. Given a long history of colonialism, the overwhelming majority of South
South_America
Slavery existed in the Sultanate of Zanzibar until 1909. Slavery and slave trade existed in the Zanzibar Archipelago for at least a thousand years. During
Slavery_in_Zanzibar
Haitian revolutionary and first ruler (1758–1806)
defected from the French, as well as Germans who did not take part in the slave trade. He granted them full citizenship and classified them as black. Tensions
Jean-Jacques_Dessalines
1675–1676 Virginia rebellion against the colonial government
enacted the Virginia Slave Codes of 1705, which created several strict laws upon people of African background. Additionally, the codes were intended to socially
Bacon's_Rebellion
medieval world. When the trans-Saharan slave trade, Red Sea slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade and Atlantic slave trade (which started in the 16th century)
Slavery_in_Africa
Military attack launched against a settlement
Slave raiding is a military raid for the purpose of capturing people and bringing them from the raid area to serve as slaves. Once a common part of warfare
Slave_raiding
Oldest surviving law code, from Mesopotamia
law Code of Hammurabi List of ancient legal codes List of inscriptions in biblical archaeology Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement A slave who has
Code_of_Ur-Nammu
Slavery by type
A house slave was a slave who worked, and often lived, in the house of the slave-owner, performing domestic labor. House slaves performed essentially
House_slave
2019 New York Times project
Betts on the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 Barry Jenkins on Gabriel's Rebellion Jesmyn Ward on the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves Tyehimba Jess on Black
The_1619_Project
President of the United States from 1841 to 1845
the border between Maine and Canada. He also helped in stopping African slave trafficking, which was made illegal under the administration of Thomas Jefferson
John_Tyler
Code of Hammurabi both insist that if a slave is harmed by a third party, the third party must financially compensate the owner. In the Covenant Code
The_Bible_and_slavery
Slaves on Mount Vernon estate
Vernon. William Costin successfully challenged District of Columbia slave codes. Ona Judge and Hercules Posey were chefs at the President's House, with
List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon
List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon
African-American plaintiff in freedom suit (c. 1799–1858)
parallel, was unconstitutional because it "deprives citizens of their [slave] property without due process of law". Although Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
Dred_Scott
to labor previously performed by slaves, and the workers often come from similar parts of the world from which slaves were previously imported. Historically
Slavery_in_Saudi_Arabia
1831 slave rebellion in Virginia, US
Turner's Rebellion, historically known as the Southampton Insurrection, was a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831
Nat_Turner's_Rebellion
Consensual or punitive unpaid labor
commonly sold by such men to planters or others upon the ships' arrival. Like slaves, their prices went up or down, depending on supply and demand. When the
Indentured_servitude
slave codes and elaborate codes of speech, behavior, and social practices illustrating the subordination of blacks to whites. For example, the "slave
Origins of the American Civil War
Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War
South Carolina slave codes (1685) - modeled on slave codes in Barbados and Jamaica. Virginia Slave Codes of 1705 New York slave codes (1702) Ordinance
List of landmark African-American legislation
List_of_landmark_African-American_legislation
Jersey were unified, the royal colony of the province passed a slave code prohibiting slaves and free Blacks from owning property, further restricting Africans
History of slavery in New Jersey
History_of_slavery_in_New_Jersey
1987 novel by Toni Morrison
uncovered the story of Garner in an 1856 newspaper article, "A Visit to the Slave Mother who Killed Her Child," initially published in the American Baptist
Beloved_(novel)
Laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850
The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state
Fugitive slave laws in the United States
Fugitive_slave_laws_in_the_United_States
Slavery as a means to repay debt
system of pawnship occurred simultaneously with the slave trade in Africa. Though the export of slaves from Africa to the Americas is often analyzed, slavery
Debt_bondage
SLAVE CODES
SLAVE CODES
Boy/Male
German, Irish, Norse, Scandinavian
Ancestral Heritage; Relic
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English slape ‘slippery, miry place’, or a habitational name from any of the places named with this word (Old English slǣp), as for example Slape in Dorset or Sleap in Shropshire.
Boy/Male
Norse
Relic; ancestral heritage.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Slave
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : reduced form of MacGlave, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mag Laithimh (see Glavin 2).English : variant of Gleave.German : habitational name from a place so named in Mecklenberg-West Pomerania.
Surname or Lastname
English (southern)
English (southern) : topographic name from Middle English slade ‘small valley’, or a habitational name from any of the places named with this word (Old English slæd), for example in Devon and Somerset, or Slad in Gloucestershire.
Boy/Male
Native American
Slave.
Female
African
slave.
Boy/Male
Australian, Gaelic
Mountain
Girl/Female
Arabic, Czech, Czechoslovakian, Muslim
Slave
Boy/Male
Slavic
Glory.
Boy/Male
English
From the valley.
Female
Russian
(Слава) Russian unisex name SLAVA means "glory."
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Slave
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, English, Hindu, Indian
Child of the Valley
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Slave
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from Middle English slade, SLADE means "small valley."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian
Slave
Girl/Female
Welsh
Slave.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a slater, from Middle English slate ‘slate’.
SLAVE CODES
SLAVE CODES
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Abbots Ann in Hampshire, named for the stream that runs through it, which is most probably named with an ancient Welsh word meaning ‘water’.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Tamil
Saumitra | ஸௌமிதà¯à®°à®¾
Lord Lakshman son of Sumitra)
Girl/Female
Welsh
Freckled.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Name of Lord Rama
Girl/Female
Dutch
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Light; Splendour
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Mythological
Shiva's Son
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, English, Indian
Lives in the Forest; Place Name; The Wood; Forest Dweller
Female
African
born when the sun shines.
SLAVE CODES
SLAVE CODES
SLAVE CODES
SLAVE CODES
SLAVE CODES
n.
To break in a stave or the staves of; to break a hole in; to burst; -- often with in; as, to stave a cask; to stave in a boat.
n.
Silk not yet twisted; floss; -- called also sleave silk.
n.
See Slav.
a.
To allay; to quench; to extinguish; as, to slake thirst.
imp. & p. p.
of Slave
v. t.
To register (as on a slate and subject to revision), for an appointment.
v. i.
To drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave.
n.
Same as Slav.
v. t.
To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute.
v. t.
To wash; to bathe; as, to lave a bruise.
n.
To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial treatment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound.
pl.
of Slav
n.
A drudge; one who labors like a slave.
v. t.
To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate; as, to slate a roof; to slate a globe.
v. t.
An artificial material, resembling slate, and used for the above purposes.
n.
One who has lost the power of resistance; one who surrenders himself to any power whatever; as, a slave to passion, to lust, to strong drink, to ambition.
n.
A slave warehouse, or an inclosure where slaves are quartered temporarily.
n.
A person engaged in the purchase and sale of slaves; a slave merchant, or slave trader.
n.
A vessel engaged in the slave trade; a slave ship.