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Freeze-thaw mass wasting slope processes
Solifluction is a collective name for gradual processes in which a mass moves down a slope ("mass wasting") related to freeze-thaw activity. This is the
Solifluction
Movement of rock or soil down slopes
medium, such as water, wind, or ice. Types of mass wasting include creep, solifluction, rockfalls, debris flows, and landslides, each with its own characteristic
Mass_wasting
Period of major glaciations of the Northern Hemisphere (115,000–12,000 years ago)
Periglaciation in the eastern Drakensberg and Lesotho Highlands produced solifluction deposits and blockfields; including blockstreams and stone garlands.
Last_Glacial_Period
Type of plant reproduction
environment for the plant's offspring. Geocarpy is also linked with solifluction soils, where rapid thawing and freezing of surface soil causes almost
Geocarpy
Swedish archaeologist (1874–1960)
the Falkland Islands and the Bjørnøya, where he first coined the term solifluction, influenced Walery Łoziński's creation of the concept of periglaciation
Johan_Gunnar_Andersson
Natural processes associated with freezing and thawing in regions close to glaciers
process called frost heaving is responsible for these features. Solifluction lobes – Solifluction lobes are formed when waterlogged soil slips down a slope
Periglaciation
(outburst floods), marine transgressions (thermokarst lakes) and slopes (solifluction flows)—were widely inundated. Catastrophic events during the epoch are
Epoch_of_Extreme_Inundations
Hill in Oxfordshire, England
hill, is a Geological Conservation Review site. It provides evidence of solifluction (slow slipping of soil downhill due to repeated freezing and thawing)
Whitehorse_Hill
Societal collapse in the Late Bronze Age
1017/S003382220003085X. Kirkbride, Martin P.; Dugmore, Andrew J. (2005). "Late Holocene solifluction history reconstructed using tephrochronology". In Harris, C.; Murton
Late_Bronze_Age_collapse
Type of soil in frozen state
contraction generating cracks which eventually become ice wedges and solifluction – gradual movement of soil down the slope as it repeatedly freezes and
Permafrost
Biogeographical unit with a particular biological community
short, cool summers and long, cold winters Tundra humus soils with solifluction (permafrost soils) Low, evergreen vegetation, without trees, growing
Biome
Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit
sandy regolith known locally as growan. This is readily stripped off by solifluction or surface wash when not protected by vegetation, notably during prolonged
Tor_(rock_formation)
Severe eruption of around 1000 BC
Age collapse. Dugmore has rebutted this dating based on calculation of solifluction, knocking the date down to 900 BC. An earlier study on bog-oak tree rings
Hekla_3_eruption
Mountain range in Central and Eastern Europe
their current shape from the latest Miocene onward. At some locations solifluction deposits have formed on the slopes of the Carpathians. Iron, gold and
Carpathian_Mountains
Natural hazard involving ground movement
Mountain slope deformation Soil slope deformation Rock slope deformation Soil creep Solifluction Note: the words in italics are placeholders. Use only one.
Landslide
Rock landform made by myriad freeze-thaw cycles
actual formation of stone runs involved five processes: weathering, solifluction, frost heaving, frost sorting, and washing. The stone runs are essentially
Stone_run
Tourist complex in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Permafrost_Kingdom
Last glacial period in southern Chile
patterned ground, pingos, rock glaciers, palsas, soil cryoturbation, solifluction deposits during the Llanquihue glaciation. The coast of Chile north of
Llanquihue_glaciation
Mountain ridge in the country of Canada
covered with felsenmeer, till and glacial and fluvial outwash, as well as solifluction deposits. The lowermost rock outcrops are Miocene alkali basalt flows
Cartoona_Ridge
Small natural step-arranged soil ridges on hillsides
animal trampling, vegetation and regolith behaviour, soil creep and solifluction including gelifluction. One explanation holds that terracettes are formed
Terracette
Pharaoh of Egypt from 1186 to 1155 BC
Congress, Paper No. 41-13, Saturday, 26 July 2003. Also: Late Holocene solifluction history reconstructed using tephrochronology Archived 1 December 2008
Ramesses_III
Geomorphic processes associated with snow patches
beneath the snow patch. Weathered particles are moved downslope by creep, solifluction and rill wash. Over time, this leads to the formation of nivation hollows
Nivation
English valley
saturated chalk.". The Devil's Dyke V-shaped dry valley is the result of solifluction and river erosion. More than 14,000 years ago[unreliable source?], the
Devil's_Dyke,_Sussex
deposits (i.e., glacial till), other processes that create diamictons are solifluction, landslides, and debris flows. The term can generally be applied to types
Diamicton
Plateau in Altai Republic, Russia
avalanche-prone. During the short summer season all the slopes are prone to solifluction. Siberia portal "Protect Snow Leopard Habitat / Siberia". forests.org
Ukok_Plateau
Mountain in Sichuan, China
他们解密生态密码". Sichuan Daily. 13 October 2017. Arnold Heim: The Glaciation and Solifluction of Minya Gongkar. The Geographical Journal. Vol. 87, No. 5 (May, 1936)
Mount_Gongga
Mountain range in Australia
is disputed. There is evidence of periglacial activity in the area. Solifluction appears to have created terraces on the north west flank of Mount Northcote
Snowy_Mountains
UNESCO World Heritage Site
leached soils are most common. The podzols often occur on deep periglacial solifluction deposits down to 450 m. Alluvial floodplains have developed in the lower
Mount_Field_National_Park
Highest mountain in Kenya
around 4,000 m (13,123 ft) where the ground has cracked to form hexagons. Solifluction occurs when the night temperatures freeze the soil before it thaws again
Mount_Kenya
Town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
rise in the Palatinate Forest. During the ice ages, there were gradual solifluction on the slopes and also wind abrasion. These processes led to a transformation
Deidesheim
Gelifluction, very similar to solifluction, is the seasonal freeze-thaw action upon waterlogging topsoils which induces downslope movement. Gelifluction
Gelifluction
climates Pingo – Mound of earth-covered ice Rock glacier – Glacial landform Solifluction lobes and sheets – Freeze-thaw mass wasting slope processesPages displaying
Glossary_of_landforms
stratified slope deposits in periglacial areas is solifluction of stone blankets in the form of solifluction lobes and sheets. Other processes include rock
Stratified_slope_deposit
Formation of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments
extensive blockfields at the base of the bedrock areas. At a later stage solifluction wears down summits and fills in topographic lows. The concept has been
Cryoplanation
during the last half-million years. Most sediments are the result of solifluction, repeated slippage during ice ages, with channels in the slopes filled
Pitstone_Quarry
River valley in Bavaria
common. These are remains of weathered Tertiary platforms and Pleistocene solifluction soils. Compared to other areas of the Bavarian Forest, the climate is
Regen_Depression
Lake bordering a glacier or ice sheet
oversteepened slopes, solifluction slumps and cirques indicate the presence of a periglacial zone. Chief actions in these zones include solifluction and frost-shattering
Periglacial_lake
Ecological experiment to make an Ice Age-Like Reserve
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Pleistocene_Park
German botanist (1898–1989)
short, cool summers and long, cold winters Tundra humus soils with solifluction (permafrost soils) Low, evergreen vegetation, without trees, growing
Heinrich_Walter
Island in Lyakhovsky Islands, Russia
fossiliferous Late and Middle Pleistocene floodplain, eolian, lake, and solifluction sediments cemented by permafrost. In the 1990s and 2000s, a Russian-German
Bolshoy_Lyakhovsky_Island
Russian earth scientist
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Sergey_Zimov
macroslope, but the abundant-scree phenomena, erosion, landslides and solifluction are also quite intense. West Sikhote-Alin consists of separate ranges
Geography_of_Primorsky_Krai
Stratovolcano on the Bolivia–Chile border
Periglacial phenomena, such as frost weathering, inactive rock glaciers, and solifluction, have been reported from neighbouring mountains. The region of the Altiplano
Licancabur
Mechanical weathering induced by freezing water
Weathering Bratschen – Weathering products of certain rocks in the Alps Solifluction – Freeze-thaw mass wasting slope processes Hales, T. C.; Roering, Joshua
Frost_weathering
Part of south coast of England
of loess and are overlain by further, coarser solifluction deposits. The chalk rubble and solifluction deposits are particularly notable for their fossil
Brighton_to_Newhaven_Cliffs
Soviet hydraulic engineer and geophysicist
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Mikhail_Kim
Dormant stratovolcano in South America
400 m on the Chilean and 5,350–5,700 m on the Argentine side. They are solifluction surfaces, cryoplanation surfaces, block ramparts, and patterned ground
Llullaillaco
border. The summit of Thabana Ntlenyana is partially encircled by bogs. Solifluction deposits, blockfields, blockstreams and stone garlands can be found across
Geography_of_Lesotho
Human settlement in England
beach backed by soft orange–brown cliffs of head deposits formed by solifluction when the climate was similar to that of Greenland's today. These cliffs
St_Loy's_Cove
Mountain range in Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic
such as rock glaciers, nivation hollows, patterned ground, blockfields, solifluction landforms, blockstreams, tors and cryoplanation terraces. The occurrence
Sudetes
Island in the South Sandwich Islands
lacks permanent ice, owing to its low altitude, but there is evidence of solifluction. Potassium-argon dating has yielded ages of 500,000 ± 1,000,000 or 700
Leskov_Island
Cave formed within the ice of a glacier
sufficient melting to create an air-filled cavity, sometimes aided by solifluction. The water flow must dissipate enough heat to keep the glacier ice refreezing
Glacier_cave
Peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway
recurrent across the peninsula. Among the most common are block fields and solifluction lobes. Blockfields are most extensive on the northern half of the peninsula
Varanger_Peninsula
National park in Australia
is disputed. There is evidence of periglacial activity in the area. Solifluction appears to have created terraces on the northwest flank of Mount Northcote
Kosciuszko_National_Park
Term in geology that describes deposits
which, following weathering, have moved downslope through a process of solifluction. The term has been used by British geologists since the middle of the
Head_(geology)
Mountain in the English Lake District
conditions, both present and past, have produced sorted stone stripes and solifluction lobes and sheets on the summit ridge of Helvellyn. These are one reason
Helvellyn
deposits typically reflect the underlying solid geology and derive from solifluction and slope wash. There are chalybeate i.e. iron-rich springs in places
Geology_of_the_New_Forest
Island of Great Britain
Porthloo Breccia; named after the site on St Mary’s Gravel that underwent solifluction known as Hell Bay Gravel (Bryher) which consists of clasts and loess
White_Island,_Isles_of_Scilly
Human settlement in England
have been found to the east of Great Tong Bank, and are the result of solifluction over the last 70,000 years from an earlier river system. Lithic implements
Ulcombe
explanations for their origins have been suggested, including soil creep, solifluction, and animal trampling. terrain The vertical and horizontal dimensions
Glossary of geography terms (N–Z)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(N–Z)
periods. The most important forms of modeling are hydrofracturing and solifluction, which in turn alter the processes of fluvial erosion: in the coldest
Topography_of_Spain
Geometric land forms
000 metres (13,123 ft) where the ground has cracked to form hexagons. Solifluction occurs when the night temperatures freeze the soil before it thaws again
Patterned_ground
Step-like landform
by animal trampling, vegetation and regolith behaviour, soil creep or solifluction. Parallel Roads of Glen Roy – Nature reserve in the Highlands of Scotland
Terrace_(geology)
Hill and beauty spot in Surrey, England
be washed downhill, further eroding the landscape (a process known as solifluction). At the west side of Box Hill, the hydraulic action of the River Mole
Box_Hill,_Surrey
Irregularly funnel shaped sinkhole in Montenegro
create favourable conditions for periglacially formed features (i.e. solifluction, periglacially patterned ground). The sinkhole is at 1584 m elevation
Opuvani_do
Area of higher ground between two rivers in the same drainage system
the same drainage system. These landforms are created by earth flow ("solifluction"). They can also be former river terraces that are subsequently bisected
Interfluve
Village in Wiltshire, England
accumulated at the bottom of Marleycombe Down due to the periglacial solifluction. This scouring has also created the natural spring that supplies the
Bowerchalke
Model of geographic landscape evolution
retreat forming extensive blockfields at the base of the bedrock areas. At a later stage, solifluction wears down summits and fills in topographic lows.
Cycle_of_erosion
American scientist
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Max_C._Brewer
American geomorphologist and skier (1911–2007)
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Albert_Lincoln_Washburn
Cinder cone in British Columbia, Canada
southern flank is more extreme due to accelerated frost wedging and solifluction which may be caused by greater and more frequent temperature changes
Eve_Cone
Range of hills in south east England
be washed downhill, further eroding the landscape (a process known as solifluction). Since chalk contains a very high percentage of calcium carbonate, it
North_Downs
American paleontologist
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Siemon_Muller
Village in Scottish Borders, Scotland, UK
by Roy G. Perkins ISBN 978-1840332940 Scottish landform examples - 8: Solifluction sheets in the Bowmont Valley, Cheviot Hills. Author: Stephan Harrison
Mowhaugh
Temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of the United States
glaciated during the Pleistocene. Extensive periglacial phenomena, such as solifluction fields, are still active at higher elevations. Since the end of Pleistocene
Great_Basin_montane_forests
Geological unit
glaciation. Other common features include cambering, valley bulging and solifluction lobes. Landslips often occur at or close to the upper boundary of the
Wadhurst_Clay_Formation
Cave and archaeological site in the United Kingdom
angular (subangular). It likely accumulated in the cave as a result of solifluction processes during the Anglian Glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage/MIS 12
Kents_Cavern
Slow, downward progression of rock and soil down a low grade slope
landscape. Creep (deformation) Colluvium Mass wasting Sediment transport Solifluction Roering, Joshua J., James W. Kirchner, and William E. Dietrich. "Evidence
Downhill_creep
Volcano in Peru
the northern flank. Cryoturbation, gelifluction, patterned grounds, solifluction and other periglacial landforms are noticeable at over 4,500 m (14,800 ft)
Coropuna
Stratovolcano in Peru
snowline appear lower than it actually is. Although patterned ground and solifluction lobes were observed in the crater. The separation of crystals with particular
Misti
Archipelago in the Extreme North of Russia
encased. The permafrost periodically developed in Late Pleistocene loess, solifluction, pond, and stream sediments as they accumulated. The radiocarbon dating
New_Siberian_Islands
Mountain in Scotland
continues for about 50 m as a tor-like mass before disappearing under solifluction debris on the summit plateau. The limestone here is strongly metamorphosed
Ben_Alder
British explorer and archaeologist
they believed that the soft patches of chalk were the result of chalk solifluction and were only interpreted as human-made figures through Lethbridge's
T._C._Lethbridge
Hill in Germany
visible today was formed during the ice age around 10,000 years ago by solifluction of the weathered rock columns. 1982 mapping showed that the rock columns
Weiselberg
Geological site of interest in Kent, England
a Geological Conservation Review site. This Quaternary site exhibits solifluction (erosion by freezing and thawing). The main deposits date to the Wolstonian
Hubbard's_Hill
Finnish geomorphologist (1941–2020)
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Matti_Seppälä
Village in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
component therefore making the area susceptible to mass movements like solifluction or landslides. At the same time, residents allegedly claimed the neighbouring
EMdloti
Species of lichen
lichen include boulder fields, leached windswept ridges, and areas of solifluction. In Iceland, Solorina crocea occurs in Salix herbacea snowbeds and north-facing
Solorina_crocea
Species of flowering plant
inconspicuous, with greenish to purplish petals. It grows in meadows, on solifluction soil, and in places with well-developed moss. "Micranthes hieraciifolia
Micranthes_hieraciifolia
Volcanic complex in British Columbia, Canada
steeper slopes of the Level Mountain Range are confined to nivation and solifluction. Snow avalanches are limited only to the Level Mountain Range and the
Level_Mountain
rendering the normally permeable chalk impermeable. Frost action and solifluction will also have been contributors to their development. The British Geological
Geology of the South Downs National Park
Geology_of_the_South_Downs_National_Park
Terrain with smoothly rpunded edges
regions close to glaciers Permafrost – Type of soil in frozen state Solifluction – Freeze-thaw mass wasting slope processes Water on Mars – Study of past
Terrain_softening
Russian scientist, born 1873
Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma Landforms and processes
Mikhail_Sumgin
Schemes for classifying vegetation communities
short, cool summers and long, cold winters Tundra humus soils with solifluction (permafrost soils) Low, evergreen vegetation, without trees, growing
Vegetation_classification
Island in Yukon, Canada
and rolls down its own hillsides from the effects of frost creep and solifluction. Herschel Island has a dry-winter tundra climate (Koppen ETw) characterized
Herschel_Island
Neanderthal cave site in the Jura Mountains, Switzerland
layer" is found, with sediments brought into the Grotte de Cotencher by a solifluction phenomenon (layer 12); a very cold, or even glacial, period around 70
Grotte_de_Cotencher
Wisconsin glacial geologic formation found in Central Alaska
Bed. The silt is loess that has been retransported and redeposited by solifluction and other slope process. It conformably overlies the Eva Formation and
Goldstream_Formation
Sangamonian interglacial geologic formation and marker horizon found in Central Alaska
stumps. It is thicker and greatly disturbed where subsequent slumping and solifluction has moved and redeposited it into preexisting valleys in the pre-Goldstream
Eva_Formation
Significant mountain range
Tatras and nonglaciated uplands were subject to frost weathering and solifluction. Deflation of soils is also evident in mountainous locations. Glaciofluvial
Geology of the Western Carpathians
Geology_of_the_Western_Carpathians
Region in Germany
there were only affected periglacially, for example in the shape of solifluction over the frozen ground, by meltwater erosion and sediments or through
Drawehn
SOLIFLUCTION
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Girl/Female
Indian
Night
Girl/Female
Celtic American French German
White wave.
Girl/Female
Australian, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Equally in Everything; Honourable
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
One who Takes Away
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Lord of Gauri
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Emperor King
Girl/Female
Greek
From the east.
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a quick or rash person from Middle High German, German rasch ‘quick’, ‘hot-headed’, ‘hasty’.German (of Slavic origin) : from a pet form of any of various Slavic personal names formed with rad- ‘joyful’ or rano ‘early’ as the first element.German : habitational name from any of numerous places so named, for example in Franconia.English : variant of Rash.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Beautiful; Smart; Innovative; Stunning; Lovely; Talented; Graceful
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kanakalatha | காநாகலதா
Golden creeper
SOLIFLUCTION
SOLIFLUCTION
SOLIFLUCTION
SOLIFLUCTION
SOLIFLUCTION