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Bipartition of a set of taxa
A split in phylogenetics is a bipartition of a set of taxa, and the smallest unit of information in unrooted phylogenetic trees: each edge of an unrooted
Split_(phylogenetics)
Topics referred to by the same term
an exact sequence Split Lie algebra Split (phylogenetics), a bipartition of a set of taxa in phylogenetics split (Unix), a Unix software utility (command)
Split
Feature inherited from common ancestor
In phylogenetics, a primitive (or ancestral or basal) character, trait, or feature of a lineage or taxon is one that is inherited from the common ancestor
Primitive_(phylogenetics)
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
and the absence of genetic recombination. Phylogenetics can also aid in drug design and discovery. Phylogenetics allows scientists to organize species and
Phylogenetics
Root of a phylogenetic tree
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to
Basal_(phylogenetics)
Application of computational algorithms, methods and programs to phylogenetic analyses
Computational phylogenetics, phylogeny inference, or phylogenetic inference focuses on computational and optimization algorithms, heuristics, and approaches
Computational_phylogenetics
Software for inferring bioinformatics split graphs
Dress, A. W. (1992). "Split decomposition: a new and useful approach to phylogenetic analysis of distance data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 1 (3):
SplitsTree
Group of a common ancestor and all of their descendants
extinct. The science that tries to reconstruct phylogenetic trees and thus discover clades is called phylogenetics or cladistics, the latter term coined by
Clade
unrooted phylogenetic tree and each edge in the tree corresponds to exactly one of the splits. More generally, S can always be represented by a split network
Split_networks
Infraorder of birds
R. G. (2004). Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Ramphastides
Type of virus that infects the domain of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms or Archaea
Sphaerolipoviridae was the sole family in the order Halopanivirales, but it was split and its two previous genera that contained archaeal viruses now correspond
Archaeal_virus
Order of mammals
(2007). "Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
Eulipotyphla
Graph used to visualize evolutionary relationships, including reticulation events
the taxa in X. A number of different types of unrooted phylogenetic networks are in use like split networks and quasi-median networks. In most cases, such
Phylogenetic_network
Genus of birds
family Paridae. The genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2013. The genus
Parus
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
parthenogenetic or apomictic multi-celled organisms. DNA barcoding and phylogenetics are commonly used in these cases. The term quasispecies is sometimes
Species
Subfamily of thrushes
Spellman, G.M. (2005). "A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the "true thrushes" (Aves: Turdinae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 486–500
Turdinae
Genus of birds
Periparus when Parus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2005. The name
Periparus
Realm of viruses
kingdom Sangervirae in the realm Monodnaviria. In 2026, Monodnaviria was split into four realms corresponding to its four kingdoms after evidence showed
Volvereviria
Genus of birds
family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (1): 380–392. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..380S. doi:10
Tarsiger
Species of bat
(2008). "Phylogenetics and biogeography of the broad-nosed bats, genus Platyrrhinus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Incan_broad-nosed_bat
Seabird
"Molecular Phylogenetics of Puffinus Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Shearwater
Paraphyletic group of mammals
species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1):
Big_cat
Order of marsupial mammals
(Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 51 (3): 554–571. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.009. PMID 19249373
Diprotodontia
Genus of birds
species but following the publication of a molecular phylogenetic study in 2009 the genus was split into four separate genera. The genus now contains 31
Anas
Genus of birds
Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2):
American_rosefinch
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
(Y-DNA) Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
Haplogroup_E-Z827
Clade of reptiles
Metasuchia is a major clade within the superorder Crocodylomorpha. It is split into two main groups, Notosuchia and Neosuchia. Notosuchia is an extinct
Metasuchia
Family of roundworms
subfamily Trichodorinae became a full-fledged family. The genus Trichodorus was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi, Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. This
Trichodoridae
Subfamily of Old World monkeys
"Mitochondrial data support an odd-nosed colobine clade" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 1–7. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40....1S. doi:10.1016/j
Colobinae
Family of spiders
1887, being based on the genus Cteniza. Since the advent of molecular phylogenetics and its application to spiders, the family has been progressively dismantled;
Ctenizidae
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
DE Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
Haplogroup_E-M35
Order of arachnids
morphological traits across 272 species. In Garwood's phylogenetic tree, the basal Opiliones split into the Phalangida and stem Cyphophthalmi. The Cyphophthalmi
Harvestman_phylogeny
Monophyletic closure of a set of living species
In phylogenetics, the crown group, crown clade, or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection
Crown_group
Genus of insects
followed, various genera emerged from these proposed groups, having been split off from Phyllium. In 2021, the Bioculatum species group and thus a portion
Phyllium
Species of snake
absent posterior to the supraocular scale; while the lower one is wider and split into two parts which may or may not meet at the suture of the third supralabial
Agkistrodon_howardgloydi
has helped establish several key ideas in phylogenetics: It reinforced the principle that the best phylogenetic tree may be the one that minimizes the total
Minimum_evolution
Species of flowering plant
the genus Eupatorium, but phylogenetic analyses in the late 20th century research indicated that that genus should be split, and the species was reclassified
Conoclinium_coelestinum
Order of fishes
Rüber, L. (2013). "Molecular phylogenetics of Gobioidei and phylogenetic placement of European gobies". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 619–633
Gobioidei
Robinson-Foulds distance with a bounded error in sublinear time. In phylogenetics, the metric is often used to compute a distance between two trees. The
Robinson–Foulds_metric
Phylum of colonial aquatic invertebrates called moss animals
on combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial genes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (1): 225–233. Bibcode:2009MolPE..52..225F. doi:10
Bryozoa
Subtribe of bovines consisting of the true buffalo
taxonomic status of the Kouprey, Bos sauveli Urbain 1937". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 896–907. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..896H. doi:10
Bubalina
Family of fungi
covered by a thin membrane that dehisces irregularly or by a circumscissile split, in a circular line around the circumference of the cup opening. Fruiting
Nidulariaceae
Family of bacteria
order Flavobacteriales. It was proposed to be split from the Flavobacteriaceae in 2019, based on phylogenetic analysis. The family Weeksellaceae comprises
Weeksellaceae
Realm of viruses
kingdom Trapavirae, which was created in 2020. In 2026, Monodnaviria was split into four realms corresponding to its four kingdoms after evidence showed
Pleomoviria
Family of mammals
more recently, molecular studies have enabled the investigation of phylogenetics relationships. In some species, genetic divergence has been suppressed
Canidae
Family of fungi
genus Coprinus was split between two families, and the name "Coprinaceae" became a synonym of Agaricaceae in its 21st-century phylogenetic redefinition. Note
Psathyrellaceae
Proposed genus of fishes
divergence and structure within Nosferatu were revealed. Divergence time for the split between Herichthys and Nosferatu has been estimated in ~5 Mya. During these
Nosferatu_(fish)
Subgenus of reptiles
Southeast Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator Complex)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 74: 29–37. Bibcode:2014MolPE..74...29W. doi:10.1016/j
Varanus_(Soterosaurus)
Clade of eudicot angiosperms
the sister to all other asterids are the Cornales. A second order that split from the base of the asterids are the Ericales. The remaining orders cluster
Asterids
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
national, provincial, and local. The local government's duties are commonly split between municipal governments and districts, in which the executive and
Turkey
Genus of flowering plants
in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus Plectranthus in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native
Equilabium
Taxonomic rank
fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like
Phylum
Tribe of mammals
molecular and fossil evidence in an historical perspective". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 5 (1): 169–181. Bibcode:1996MolPE...5..169M. doi:10.1006/mpev
Hominini
networks, quasi-median networks are not split networks. A quasi-median network is defined as a phylogenetic network, the node set of which is given by
Quasi-median_networks
Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander peoples
the descendants of a single migration into the continent, a people that split from the ancestors of East Asians. Recent work with mitochondrial DNA suggests
Indigenous_Australians
Genus of algae
Haeckel Micrasterias upsaliensis (Cleve) W.Archer Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships (not all accepted species are included):
Micrasterias
Genus of rodents
cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 20 (3): 335–350. Bibcode:2001MolPE..20..335P. CiteSeerX 10
Neotamias
Subfamily of birds
Falconidae) due to expansion of open habitats in the Late Miocene". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 82: 166–182. Bibcode:2015MolPE..82..166F. doi:10.1016/j
Falconinae
Clade of turtles
Fourteen nuclear genes provide phylogenetic resolution for difficult nodes in the turtle tree of life. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55(3), 1189-1194
Americhelydia
Family of mammals
Molecules, morphology and the Great American Interchange". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (3): 1076–1095. Bibcode:2007MolPE..43.1076K. CiteSeerX 10
Procyonidae
Phylum of animals having a dorsal nerve cord
poor, only molecular phylogenetics offers a reasonable prospect of dating their emergence. However, the use of molecular phylogenetics for dating evolutionary
Chordate
Family of insectivorous mammals
giant sengis (Macroscelidea; Macroscelididae; Rhynchocyon)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 113: 150–160. Bibcode:2017MolPE.113..150C. doi:10.1016/j
Sengi
Protein subcellular localization prediction tools List of phylogenetics software List of phylogenetic tree visualization software Category:Metagenomics_software
List of bioinformatics software
List_of_bioinformatics_software
Superorder of mammals
ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 5604124. PMID 28934378. Frank Zachos (2020.) "Mammalian Phylogenetics: A Short Overview of Recent Advances", In book: "Mammals of Europe -
Laurasiatheria
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
kingdoms as algae and protozoa, respectively. With the advent of molecular phylogenetics and electron microscopy studies, some protists were shown to be more
Protist
Language family
After that period of shared development, the Proto-Polynesian society split into several descendant populations, as Polynesian navigators scattered
Polynesian_languages
Clade of mammals consisting of carnivorans and pholidotes
the utility of non-coding nuclear markers in eutherian phylogenetics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 42 (3): 827–837. Bibcode:2007MolPE..42.
Ferae
Species of lizard
simply a melanistic morph. More recently (in 2013), A. pulchra has been split up into five different species: A. pulchra (with a narrower definition)
Anniella_pulchra
Genus of flowering plants
seen here of Narcissus candidissimus), but then the Amaryllidaceae were split off from it. Various authors have adopted either narrow (e.g. Haworth, Salisbury)
Narcissus_(plant)
Order of flowering plants
Ticodendraceae – ticodendron family (Ticodendron) Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:[citation needed] The older Cronquist
Fagales
Family of birds
(February 2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2):
Finch
Sequence of populations, organisms, cells, or genes that form a line of descent
when they repeatedly share the same genes. The nodes would represent a split in lineage due to a breaking of genetic connections: when a single lineage
Lineage_(evolution)
Genus of fishes
extant member of the family Umbridae. Phylogenetic evidence suggests the North American and European clades split between the Late Cretaceous or early
Umbra_(fish)
Group of birds
Francolinus). Auk 109(1): 24-42. Bloomer, P, & Crowe, T. M. (1998). Francolin phylogenetics: molecular, morphobehavioral, and combined evidence. Mol. Phylogenet
Francolin
Species of bird
Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2):
White-rumped_seedeater
Genus of carnivores
Molecules, morphology and the Great American Interchange". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (3): 1076–1095. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.495.2618. doi:10
Bassaricyon
Genus of birds
argued, based on the phylogenetic species concept, that all then-recognized taxa should be considered separate monotypic species. The split was not followed
Stiphrornis
Genus of flies
(2017). "Phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Toxotrypanini (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on molecular characters". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Anastrepha
Phylogenetic lineage that is inferred to exist but has no fossil record
between the descendant and the ancestor, whereas a ghost taxon has many split descendants. When looking back at extinct organisms, there are some groups
Ghost_lineage
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Japanese haplogroup D Y-chromosomes ~53000 years ago, most likely by a split from a shared ancestral population. Haber M, Jones AL, Connell BA, Arciero
Haplogroup_D-M174
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
isolated from other branches of haplogroup D since about 50,000 years ago. The split in D1a may have occurred near the Tibetan Plateau. Among the subgroups of
Haplogroup_D-M55
Superfamily of reptiles
but possibly as early as 100 million years ago based on molecular phylogenetics. Leidyosuchus of Alberta is the earliest known genus. Although, a 2025
Alligatoroidea
Genus of birds
wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (2): 753–770. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..753L. doi:10
Waterthrush
The phylogenetic split of Hominidae into the subfamilies Homininae and Ponginae is dated to the middle Miocene, roughly 18 to 14 million years ago. This
Orangutan–human last common ancestor
Orangutan–human_last_common_ancestor
Subfamily of lizards
(2002). "Molecular phylogenetics and mitochondrial genomic evolution in the Chamaeleonidae (Reptilia, Squamata)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 23
Brookesiinae
Group of eukaryotic organisms
rejected. Thus, two papers published in 2008 have phylogenetic trees in which the chromalveolates are split up, and recent studies continue to support this
Chromalveolata
Species of rodent
belong to two genetic lineages despite looking identical. This genetic split likely occurred before mice ever reached Crete. The Cretan spiny mouse is
Crete_spiny_mouse
Proposed constructs pertaining to the vagus nerve
Polyvagal theory views the parasympathetic nervous system as being further split into two distinct branches: a "ventral vagal system" which supports social
Polyvagal_theory
Superfamily of birds
history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 59 (3): 615–622. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.011. PMID 21419232
True_parrot
Suborder of harvestmen/daddy longlegs
and fore-head eyed harvestmen split into distinct clades. In Garwood et al.'s phylogenetic tree, the basal Opiliones split into the "Phalangida" and stem
Tetrophthalmi
Family of moths
ISSN 0029-8549. PMID 28313488. Zahiri, Reza; et al. (2012). "Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)". Systematic Entomology. 37: 102–124
Erebidae
Species of amphibian
circum-Mediterranean tree frogs from the Hyla arborea group". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (3): 1019–1024. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49.1019S. doi:10
Hyla_molleri
Birds of prey in the genus Falco
kestrels with reference to divergence across the Indian Ocean". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 25 (2): 267–77. Bibcode:2002MolPE..25..267G. doi:10
Falcon
West Germanic language
a pattern that is uncharacteristic of languages that share a unique phylogenetic ancestor. Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) was the earliest form
English_language
Genus of mammals (cats)
progenitor of the Felidae about 6.2 million years ago, and that Felis species split off 3.04 to 0.99 million years ago. The generic name Felis is derived from
Felis
Species of trapdoor spider
phylogeny of Titanidiops canariensis show that there seems to be a basal split in the tree, suggesting that Titanidiops canariensis may actually be two
Titanidiops_canariensis
Class of animals
phylogenetic analyses yield new insight into crocodylian evolution and their survival of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary". Molecular Phylogenetics and
Reptile
Genus of plant in the family Cactaceae
split Peniocereus into two subgenera: Peniocereus and Pseudoacanthocereus. In 2005 a molecular phylogenetic study of the genus supported this split and
Peniocereus
Suborder of mammals
Carnivora inferred from multiple nuclear gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 49–63. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...49E. doi:10.1016/j
Caniformia
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
The webbing of the tail fin web is supported by extremely thin scales, split into an upper and lower portion, plus a small patch of webbing at the very
Sacabambaspis
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Motherly Love; Energetic Sprit
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Split
Boy/Male
Tamil
Inside viewer, Spilt second
Boy/Male
American, British, English
From the Split Meadow
Boy/Male
Tamil
Inside viewer, Spilt second
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English clevere ‘one who cleaves’ (a derivative of Old English clēofan ‘to split’), hence an occupational name for someone who split wood into planks using a wedge rather than a saw, or possibly for a butcher.English : topographic name from Middle English cleve ‘bank’, ‘slope’ (from the dative of Old English clif) + the suffix -er, denoting an inhabitant.Americanized spelling of German Kliewer or Klüver (see Kluver).
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Strong; Solid; Firm; Sharp
Boy/Male
Hindu
Inside viewer, Spilt second
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
One who Lives Life Long; Gains Victory Within Splits
Girl/Female
American, Christian, Hebrew, Indian
Narrow Split of Land
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : metonymic occupational name for a turnspit, i.e. a servant who turned the spit, from Old French haste ‘(roasting) spit’.A bearer of the name Haste from Paris is documented in Montreal in 1662.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the numerous places so called, which split more or less evenly into two groups with different etymologies. One set (with examples in Berkshire, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Somerset, and Wiltshire) is named from the Old English weak dative hēan (originally used after a preposition and article) of hēah ‘high’ + Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. The other (with examples in Cambridgeshire, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Northamptonshire, Shropshire, Somerset, Suffolk, and Wiltshire) has Old English hīwan ‘household’, ‘monastery’. Compare Hine as the first element.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Split, Cleavage
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Lancashire, near Rishton, recorded in 1246 as Kunteclive, from Old English cunte ‘cunt’ + clif ‘slope’, i.e. ‘slope with a slit or crack in it’.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Inside viewer, Spilt second
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Split Cleavage
Boy/Male
Muslim
Strong, Solid, Firm, Sharp
Boy/Male
English
From the split meadow.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Momentary; Lord Rama's Ancestor; Spilt-second; Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Momentary; Split Second
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
Girl/Female
Hindu
East
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
It's a proper name a Sahabas' name and the youngest fighter in Al Islam
Boy/Male
Indian
Increase
Boy/Male
Spanish English
Ploughman.
Biblical
an orator
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Mistress of the Home
Boy/Male
Tamil
Jyotirmoy | ஜà¯à®¯à¯‹à®¤à®¿à®°à®®à¯‹à®¯
Lustrous
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Ever Living; Sweet
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Obedient
Girl/Female
Muslim
Affection. Sympathy.
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
SPLIT PHYLOGENETICS
n.
A long cut; a narrow opening; as, a slit in the ear.
v. t.
A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.
n.
the substitution of more than one share of a corporation's stock for one share. The market price of the stock usually drops in proportion to the increase in outstanding shares of stock. The split may be in any ratio, as a two-for-one split; a three-for-two split.
n.
To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or strips; as, to slit iron bars into nail rods; to slit leather into straps.
imp. & p. p.
of Spit
v. t.
A piece split off; a splinter.
imp. & p. p.
of Slit
n.
To thrust a spit through; to fix upon a spit; hence, to thrust through or impale; as, to spit a loin of veal.
imp. & p. p.
of Split
v. t.
One of the small plates of metal used in making splint armor. See Splint armor, below.
a.
Divided; split; partly divided or split.
v. i.
To attend to a spit; to use a spit.
v. t.
To split into splints, or thin, slender pieces; to splinter; to shiver.
v. t.
Splint, or splent, coal. See Splent coal, under Splent.
v. t.
To divide or separate into components; -- often used with up; as, to split up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid.
v. t.
A splint bone.
v. t.
To fasten or confine with splints, as a broken limb. See Splint, n., 2.
n.
A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter; a fragment.
v. t.
To divide lengthwise; to separate from end to end, esp. by force; to divide in the direction of the grain layers; to rive; to cleave; as, to split a piece of timber or a board; to split a gem; to split a sheepskin.
v. i.
To part asunder; to be rent; to burst; as, vessels split by the freezing of water in them.