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STROMULE

Stromule

A stromule is a microscopic tubular process extending from plastids in plant cells. Stromules (stroma-filled tubules) are highly dynamic structures extending

Stromule

Plant cell

Type of eukaryotic cell present in green plants

Chromatin Cytoskeleton Leucoplast Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Paul Nurse Stromule Wall-associated kinase Keegstra, K (2010). "Plant cell walls". Plant Physiology

Plant cell

Plant_cell

Cell (biology)

Basic unit of life forms

cellular extensions. And some organelles also project extensions such as stromules from plastids in plant cells, peroxules from peroxisomes, and matrixules

Cell (biology)

Cell_(biology)

Chloroplast

Plant organelle that conducts photosynthesis

sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule. Stromules are very rare in chloroplasts, and are much more common

Chloroplast

Leucoplast

Organelles found in plant cells

variable morphology, often described as amoeboid. Extensive networks of stromules interconnecting leucoplasts have been observed in epidermal cells of roots

Leucoplast

Plasmodesma

Channel in cell walls of plants and some algae

called gap junctions and membrane nanotubes, interconnect animal cells and stromules form between plastids in plant cells. Primary plasmodesmata are formed

Plasmodesma

Plastid

Plant cell organelles that perform photosynthesis and store starch

nucleoid proteins. In normal plant cells long thin protuberances called stromules sometimes form—extending from the plastid body into the cell cytosol while

Plastid

C3 carbon fixation

Series of interconnected biochemical reactions

These plants achieve refixation by growing chloroplast extensions called "stromules" around the stroma in mesophyll cells, so that any photorespired CO2 from

C3 carbon fixation

C3_carbon_fixation

Myosin

Family of motor proteins

movement of chloroplasts according to light intensity and the formation of stromules interconnecting different plastids. Myosin XI also plays a key role in

Myosin

Cellular extensions

Structures projecting from cells

their functional properties: Some organelles project extensions such as stromules from plastids in plant cells, peroxules from peroxisomes, and matrixules

Cellular extensions

Cellular_extensions

Tunneling nanotube

Biological structure

been identified as functional channels interconnecting plant cells, and stromules interconnect plastids. Myopodia are actin-rich cytoplasmic extensions

Tunneling nanotube

Tunneling_nanotube

Maureen Hanson

American molecular biologist

genuine feature of plant cell biology. Hanson named these structures "stromules" and demonstrated that proteins flow through them and examined their tissue-specific

Maureen Hanson

Maureen_Hanson

Protein moonlighting

Proteins performing more than one function

FtsZ is necessary in chloroplast division and ADT5 is transported by stromules into the nucleus. In many cases, the functionality of a protein not only

Protein moonlighting