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Spacecraft without people on board
Uncrewed spacecraft or robotic spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board. Uncrewed spacecraft may have varying levels of autonomy from human input
Uncrewed_spacecraft
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
Canada and several other countries. Uncrewed spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board. Uncrewed spacecraft may have varying levels of autonomy
Spacecraft
Joining of two or more space vehicles
the uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft to resupply its space stations in low earth orbit, greatly extending the length of crew stays. As an uncrewed spacecraft
Docking and berthing of spacecraft
Docking_and_berthing_of_spacecraft
Flight into or through outer space
usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board. Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such
Spaceflight
Unmanned robotic spacecraft
A space probe is an uncrewed robotic spacecraft designed to explore outer space and transmit scientific data back to Earth. Space probes are used to investigate
Space_probe
Overview of and topical guide to space exploration
outer space Human spaceflight – Spaceflight with a crew or passengers Uncrewed spaceflight – Autonomous space travel without human Remote sensing of Earth
Outline_of_space_exploration
Void between celestial bodies
spaceflight to low Earth orbit and the Moon. On the other hand, uncrewed spacecraft have reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Outer
Outer_space
Defunct West German aerospace manufacturer
Roland (missile) Galileo (spacecraft) Helios (spacecraft) Symphonie EURECA Shuttle pallet satellite Spacelab Saenger (spacecraft) MBTA Commuter Rail BTC-3
Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm
Type of vehicle
(IAUV) Underwater glider Uncrewed spacecraft, both remote controlled ("uncrewed space mission") and autonomous ("robotic spacecraft" or "space probe") Vehicular
Uncrewed_vehicle
Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s
1977. The remainder of the spacecraft – the FGB – deorbited on 2 February 1978. On 25 April 1981, TKS-2 was launched uncrewed as Kosmos 1267, the first
TKS_(spacecraft)
Class of crewed spacecraft from China
Tianzhou cargo spacecraft. Shenzhou missions previously docked with the Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 space stations. Its maiden uncrewed flight, Shenzhou
Shenzhou_(spacecraft)
docked to the outpost following uncrewed launches. Resupply missions typically use the Russian Progress spacecrafts, i.e, Progress-M (Standard and Modified)
Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station
Uncrewed_spaceflights_to_the_International_Space_Station
of Soyuz spacecraft. The first prototypes were made in late 1965. On 30 October 1967, the first automated docking of Soyuz uncrewed spacecraft took place
Igla (spacecraft docking system)
Igla_(spacecraft_docking_system)
Saturn V-launched payload that took men to the Moon
Saturn Vs launched two uncrewed CSMs on high Earth orbit test flights, the CSM on one crewed lunar mission, the complete spacecraft on one crewed low Earth
Apollo_(spacecraft)
Method of landing a spacecraft by parachute in a body of water
Splashdown is the method of landing a spacecraft or launch vehicle in a body of water, usually by parachute. This has been the primary recovery method
Splashdown
Planned reusable crewed spacecraft
2023, the first uncrewed and crewed test flights are expected to occur in 2028. Roscosmos has envisioned several versions of the spacecraft, configurable
Orel_(spacecraft)
Series of two uncrewed Soviet spacecraft
Mars 1M was a series of two uncrewed spacecraft which were used in the first Soviet missions to explore Mars. They were the earliest missions of the Mars
Mars_1M
Spacecraft designed for interstellar travel
crewed interplanetary spacecraft Project Daedalus (1973–1978), uncrewed interstellar probe Project Longshot (1987–1988), uncrewed interstellar probe Project
Starship
Chinese deep-space crewed spacecraft in development
first uncrewed orbital mission of the Mengzhou spacecraft will occur in 2026. Lanyue (spacecraft) Comparison of crewed space vehicles Orion (spacecraft) SpaceX
Mengzhou_(spacecraft)
Class of partially reusable crew capsules
return its astronauts to Earth aboard the spacecraft. Thereafter, in September 2024, the capsule was returned uncrewed. The mission's astronauts, Sunita Williams
Boeing_Starliner
Pollution around Earth by defunct artificial objects
no longer serve a useful function. These include derelict spacecraft (nonfunctional spacecraft and abandoned launch vehicle stages), mission-related debris
Space_debris
series of Explorer spacecraft carrying a wide variety of scientific investigations. The Pioneer program was a series of NASA uncrewed space missions designed
List of uncrewed NASA missions
List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
Pioneer probes, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory embarked upon an uncrewed spacecraft development program whose modular design could be used to support
Moon_landing
Uncrewed spacecraft used during NASA's Gemini program
(/əˈdʒiːnə/; ATV), also known as Gemini-Agena Target Vehicle (GATV), was an uncrewed spacecraft used by NASA during its Gemini program to develop and practice orbital
Agena_target_vehicle
Soviet space station programme
including 12 crewed and 15 uncrewed launches in total. Supporting spacecraft included the Soyuz T, Progress, and TKS spacecraft. It was part of the Soviet
Salyut_programme
List of deliberate crash landings on extraterrestrial bodies
This is a list of uncrewed spacecraft which have been intentionally destroyed at their objects of study, typically by hard landings or crash landings
List of spacecraft intentionally crashed into extraterrestrial bodies
List_of_spacecraft_intentionally_crashed_into_extraterrestrial_bodies
Vehicle that operates on the surface of the water without a crew
An unmanned surface vehicle, unmanned surface vessel or uncrewed surface vessel (USV), colloquially called a drone boat, drone ship or sea drone, is a
Unmanned_surface_vehicle
Reusable robotic spaceplane used by US military since 2010
reliable, reusable, uncrewed space test platform for the U.S. Air Force". The primary objectives of the X-37B are twofold: reusable spacecraft technology and
Boeing_X-37
Soviet uncrewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Soyuz 2 (Russian: Союз 2, Union 2) was an uncrewed spacecraft (capsule number 7K-OK-P No. 11) in the Soyuz family, intended to be the target of a docking
Soyuz_2
Physical presence of human activity in outer space
take many forms from space debris, uncrewed spacecraft, artificial satellites, space observatories, crewed spacecraft, art in space, to human outposts in
Human_presence_in_space
1985 Soviet space program with the first balloon flight on Venus
Vega 1 and Vega 2 were uncrewed spacecraft launched in a cooperative effort among the Soviet Union (who also provided the spacecraft and launch vehicle)
Vega_program
Boeing Starliner spacecraft
Orbital Flight Test mission, an uncrewed test flight of Starliner to the International Space Station. The spacecraft was scheduled to dock to the ISS
Boeing_Starliner_Calypso
Missions and flights of NASA's Apollo Program
event of a Saturn failure. Uncrewed test flights beginning in 1966 demonstrated the safety of the launch vehicles and spacecraft to carry astronauts, and
List_of_Apollo_missions
Soviet winged orbital vehicle
were similar in design to the U.S. Space Shuttle. Buran completed one uncrewed spaceflight in 1988, and was destroyed in 2002 when the roof of its storage
Buran_(spacecraft)
Landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars
landing is a landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars. Of multiple attempted Mars landings by robotic, uncrewed spacecraft, ten have had successful
Mars_landing
Hypothetical travel between stars or planetary systems
extraterrestrial intelligence and space colonization. Even though five uncrewed spacecraft have left the Solar System, they are not "interstellar craft" in
Interstellar_travel
Soviet space capsule
the intended TKS spacecraft configuration. To accelerate the man-rating of the TKS and VA spacecraft, eight uncrewed VA spacecraft (without FGBs) were
VA_spacecraft
Type of spacecraft
sail spacecraft are spacecraft that use large reflective sails to obtain propulsion from the pressure of sunlight. Unlike conventional spacecraft, which
Solar_sail_spacecraft
Lunar lander family for the Artemis program
lunar surface for NASA's Artemis program. Development of the smaller, uncrewed lander (Mark 1) began in 2016 and was publicly revealed in 2017. It is
Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)
flies a spacecraft into outer space. Human spaceflight is distinguished from spaceflight generally, which entails both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft. There
List_of_human_spaceflights
Space program of the Soviet Union
The Mars program was a series of uncrewed spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and
Soviet_Mars_program
Proposals that would have extended the Gemini program
by NASA, and consisted of a two-seat spacecraft capable of maneuvering in orbit, docking with uncrewed spacecraft such as Agena Target Vehicles, and allowing
Advanced_Gemini
NASA sample-return mission to Comet 81P/Wild 2 (1999–2011)
Hayabusa, sample return from an asteroid List of uncrewed spacecraft by program Robotic spacecraft Space exploration Space probe Timeline of artificial
Stardust_(spacecraft)
Turkish planned space mission to the moon
developed by the National Space Program. It is will be Turkey's first spacecraft to reach the Moon, entering lunar orbit and concluding with a controlled
AYAP-1
Type of spacecraft
developed its Shenzhou spacecraft in the 1990s based on the same concept (orbital, reentry and service modules) as Soyuz. Its first uncrewed test flight was
Space_capsule
Instrument in space to study astronomical objects
Space sexology Spacecraft Launch vehicle Rocket Space capsule Orbital module Reentry capsule Service module Spaceplane Robotic spacecraft Satellite Space
Space_telescope
Series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme
weight-saving reasons, as the redesigned Soyuz 7K-T spacecraft carried extra life-support equipment. The uncrewed Progress resupply ferry has a dummy escape tower
Soyuz_(spacecraft)
Crewed or uncrewed travel between stars or planets
spaceflight (crewed or uncrewed) between bodies within a single planetary system. Spaceflights become interplanetary by accelerating spacecrafts beyond orbital
Interplanetary_spaceflight
Spacecraft designed for repeated use and reusability
operating reusable spacecraft aim to have lower costs and higher flight frequencies. Reusable spacecraft may be crewed or uncrewed and orbital or sub-orbital
Reusable_spacecraft
Russian expendable freighter spacecraft
Transfer Vehicle – Uncrewed cargo spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency Cygnus (spacecraft) – Uncrewed cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital
Progress_(spacecraft)
Soviet space station (1977–1982)
was the first space station to receive large numbers of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft for human habitation, crew transfer, international participation
Salyut_6
Unmanned aerial vehicle that is usually armed
Unmanned surface vehicle (USV) Space Uncrewed spacecraft list of probes list by program list of orbiters Cargo spacecraft spaceflights to the ISS Space telescope
Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle
This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes,
Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes
Aircraft which use flapping movement of the wings to generate lift
of birds. Around 1960, Percival Spencer successfully flew a series of uncrewed ornithopters using internal combustion engines ranging from 0.020-to-0
Ornithopter
Planned family of uncrewed NASA spacecraft
Mariner Mark II was NASA's planned family of uncrewed spacecraft for the exploration of the outer Solar System that were to be developed and operated
Mariner_Mark_II
Russian uncrewed cargo spacecraft of 1997
Progress M-34 (Russian: Прогресс М-34) was a Russian uncrewed cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1997 to resupply the Mir space station, and which
Progress_M-34
Submersible vehicles that can operate underwater without a human occupant
use of uncrewed surface vehicles (USV) by Ukraine in the Black Sea in October and November 2022, the Ukrainian Navy began to employ an uncrewed underwater
Unmanned_underwater_vehicle
Region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
metres. The asteroid material is so thinly distributed that numerous uncrewed spacecraft have traversed it without incident. Nonetheless, collisions between
Asteroid_belt
Technology development overview
Spacecraft – Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space Spacecraft design Uncrewed spacecraft – Spacecraft without people on board Fundamental distinctions Natural
Outline of artificial satellites
Outline_of_artificial_satellites
Uncrewed spacecraft mode
Safe mode is an operating mode of a modern uncrewed spacecraft during which all non-essential systems are shut down and only essential functions such
Safe_mode_in_spacecraft
First crewed mission of the Artemis program
installation of the fully integrated Orion spacecraft, ESM, and launch abort system atop the SLS rocket. After the uncrewed Artemis I mission in November 2022
Artemis_II
United States historic place
1966 to allow the evaluation of magnetic movement in crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, and for the precision calibration of magnetometers used in space
Spacecraft Magnetic Test Facility
Spacecraft_Magnetic_Test_Facility
2025 Chinese crewed spaceflight to the Tiangong space station
14 November aboard the already-docked Shenzhou 21 spacecraft. On 25 November, Shenzhou 22 launched uncrewed—six months earlier than planned—and docked with
Shenzhou_20
uncrewed cargo version is scheduled to fly in space in 2026, with a crewed version to eventually follow. Russian four-person lunar-capable spacecraft
List_of_crewed_spacecraft
Proposed concepts
missions have designed interplanetary spacecraft and landers capable of aerobraking. A number of uncrewed spacecraft have landed on the surface of Mars,
Human_mission_to_Mars
Boeing Starliner spacecraft
of the Starliner spacecraft, although following the partial failure of the other CST-100 on Boe-OFT which required a repeat uncrewed test (Boe-OFT-2)
Boeing_Starliner_Spacecraft_2
Artemis program crewed spacecraft
Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) is a partially reusable crewed spacecraft used by NASA for the Artemis lunar exploration program. It consists of
Orion_(spacecraft)
Uncrewed first test flight of the Apollo Lunar Module
Apollo 5 (launched January 22, 1968), also known as AS-204, was the uncrewed first flight of the Apollo Lunar Module (LM) that would later carry astronauts
Apollo_5
Indian spaceflight, planned H2 2026
the first planned uncrewed test flight of the Gaganyaan programme. ISRO has officially scheduled the mission for H2 2026. The spacecraft will carry Vyommitra
Gaganyaan-1
Soviet military space station program
armed, crewed military spacecraft ever flown. Salyut 3/OPS-2 conducted a successful remote test firing with the station uncrewed due to concerns over excessive
Almaz_program
Topics referred to by the same term
NASA program of uncrewed space probes Voyager 1, an uncrewed spacecraft launched September 5, 1977 Voyager 2, an uncrewed spacecraft launched August 20
Voyager
Impact shield to protect spacecraft from micrometeoroids and orbital debris
shielding, invented by Fred Whipple, designed to protect crewed and uncrewed spacecraft from hypervelocity collisions with micrometeoroids and orbital debris
Whipple_shield
Type of vehicle
September 2016. Grand-Clément, Sarah; Bajon, Theò (19 October 2022). "Uncrewed Ground Systems: A Primer". United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
Unmanned_ground_vehicle
Soviet lunar module intended to be used in the Soviet lunar landing attempts
complex with the regular LK and Soyuz 7K-LOK module-spacecraft for a Moon flyby and landing by a full uncrewed mission in a future crewed scenario was prepared
LK_(spacecraft)
First crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union
Vostok (Russian: Восток, lit. 'East') was a class of single-pilot crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The first human spaceflight was accomplished
Vostok_(spacecraft)
Series of orbital maneuvers
of two spacecraft was achieved on March 16, 1966, when Gemini 8, under the command of Neil Armstrong, rendezvoused and docked with an uncrewed Agena Target
Space_rendezvous
Unmanned test flight of the Soyuz 7K-TM spacecraft
capsule) it caused unexpected motions with the spacecraft. This led to the next test also being uncrewed. Spacecraft: Soyuz-7K-TM №71 Mass: 6510 to 6680 kg Crew:
Kosmos_638
Modular space station in low Earth orbit
data, cooling, and crew available to support experiments. Small uncrewed spacecraft can also provide platforms for experiments, especially those involving
International_Space_Station
First multi crew and EVA-capable spacecraft
Voskhod. Adaptation of the Vostok spacecraft for three cosmonauts. This version flew twice, on 6 October 1964 uncrewed (as Kosmos 47) and on 12 October
Voskhod_(spacecraft)
during assembly, testing, and preparation for flight of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft have occasionally resulted in injuries or the loss of craft since
List of spaceflight non-fatal training accidents
List_of_spaceflight_non-fatal_training_accidents
Military rocket launch site in Florida
(1962), first two-man U.S. spacecraft (1965), first U.S. uncrewed lunar landing (1966), and first three-man U.S. spacecraft (1968). It was also the launch
Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station
Missions to the Moon
Organisation (ISRO), launched Chandrayaan-1, an uncrewed lunar orbiter, on 22 October 2008. The spacecraft was intended to operate for two years, with scientific
Exploration_of_the_Moon
Planned lander spacecraft component of NASA's cancelled Project Constellation
advanced uncrewed lunar orbiting spacecraft, and new "glass cockpit" and Boeing 787-based computer system identical to that on the Orion spacecraft. Altair
Altair_(spacecraft)
Vehicle operated with reduced or no human input on public roads
Unmanned surface vehicle (USV) Space Uncrewed spacecraft list of probes list by program list of orbiters Cargo spacecraft spaceflights to the ISS Space telescope
Self-driving_car
Private technology company
develops, and operates instruments and technical equipment to fly on uncrewed spacecraft. MSSS is headed by chief scientist and CEO Michael C. Malin. Founded
Malin_Space_Science_Systems
Process of keeping all parts of a spacecraft within acceptable temperature ranges
frequently used by spacecraft that monitor or measure the characteristics of the Earth and its surrounding environment and by uncrewed and crewed space
Spacecraft_thermal_control
Conspiracy theory about Soviet cosmonauts
Yar in early 1958. He cited Italian media reports. Soyuz 2 was an uncrewed spacecraft that was the docking target for Soyuz 3. However, Mike Arena, an
Lost_Cosmonauts
Topics referred to by the same term
H-IIB H-II Transfer Vehicle, a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency uncrewed spacecraft H II region, a region of interstellar atomic hydrogen that is ionized
HII
NASA research facility in Maryland
GSFC is a major US laboratory for developing and operating uncrewed scientific spacecraft. GSFC conducts scientific investigation, development, manufacturing
Goddard_Space_Flight_Center
Series of Soviet and Russian military satellites
since Kosmos 1 on 16 March 1962. The program has included uncrewed tests of crewed spacecraft and satellites for scientific research and military purposes
Kosmos_(satellite)
Extreme benchmarks set off Earth by astronauts, launchers and probes
Records and firsts in spaceflight are broadly divided into crewed and uncrewed categories. Records involving animal spaceflight have also been noted in
List_of_spaceflight_records
1960s American spacecraft communications system
orbit period. This limited contact period sufficed for uncrewed spacecraft, but crewed spacecraft require a much higher data collection time. In May 1971
Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network
Spacecraft_Tracking_and_Data_Acquisition_Network
1961–1966 US human spaceflight program
development. Gemini was conceived in 1961 and concluded in 1966. The Gemini spacecraft carried a two-astronaut crew. Ten Gemini crews and 16 individual astronauts
Project_Gemini
Main mission control centre for the European Space Agency
Darmstadt, Germany. ESOC's primary function is the operation of uncrewed spacecraft on behalf of ESA and the launch and early orbit phases (LEOP) of
European Space Operations Centre
European_Space_Operations_Centre
Uncrewed test flight of the Apollo Program
AS-202 (also referred to as SA-202 or Apollo 2) was the second uncrewed, suborbital test flight of a production Block I Apollo command and service module
AS-202
2011 Chinese uncrewed spaceflight to Tiangong-1
Shenzhou 8 (Chinese: 神舟八号) was an uncrewed flight of China's Shenzhou program, launched on 31 October 2011 UTC, or 1 November 2011 in China, by a Long
Shenzhou_8
replacement/rescue missions and mixed human/cargo missions. Uncrewed visiting spacecraft are excluded (see Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station
List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
List_of_human_spaceflights_to_the_International_Space_Station
Soviet uncrewed spacecraft
Soyuz 7K-L1E was a Soviet uncrewed modified Soyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft, also known as a dummy Soyuz 7K-LOK. Two were built, with one successfully launched
Soyuz_7K-L1E
Network of radio communication facilities run by NASA
the largest DSN facilities. Although normally tasked with tracking uncrewed spacecraft, the Deep Space Network (DSN) also contributed to the communication
NASA_Deep_Space_Network
Investigation of outer space
Space exploration is the physical investigation of outer space by uncrewed robotic space probes and through human spaceflight. While the observation of
Space_exploration
UNCREWED SPACECRAFT
UNCREWED SPACECRAFT
UNCREWED SPACECRAFT
Boy/Male
Indian
Moonlight
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Badge Logo, like coat of Arms
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Punjabi, Sikh
Noble One of God; One who has Good Judgement
Female
Hindi/Indian
(नेहा) Hindi name NEHA means both "love" and "rain."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant spelling of Bounds.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Fragrance
Girl/Female
Muslim
Like. Equal. Matching.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English
Charming
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Intelligent or Name of Lord Lakshmi
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Gaelic, German, Scottish, Swedish
Friend of the Sea; Form of Irving; Handsome and Fair; Place Name; Beautiful; Honored Friend
UNCREWED SPACECRAFT
UNCREWED SPACECRAFT
UNCREWED SPACECRAFT
UNCREWED SPACECRAFT
UNCREWED SPACECRAFT
a.
1. Self-originating; uncreated.
superl.
Unbound; untied; unsewed; not attached, fastened, fixed, or confined; as, the loose sheets of a book.
a.
Not yet created; as, misery uncreated.
a.
Not made by brewing; unmixed; pure; genuine.
n.
A piece of copper, screwed into a gun, through which the venthole is bored.
a.
Deprived of existence; annihilated.
imp. & p. p.
of Screw
a.
Uncreated; self-existent.
n.
The quality or state of being uncreated.
a.
Having no antecedent cause; uncreated; self-existent; eternal.
a.
Uncreated; self-existent.
a.
Not existing by creation; self-existent; eternal; as, God is an uncreated being.