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Consists of the arm, forearm, and hand
The upper limbs or upper extremities are the forelimbs of an upright-postured tetrapod vertebrate, extending from the scapulae and clavicles down to and
Upper_limb
Malformation of the limbs
congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the upper and lower limbs. An example is polydactyly, where a foot or hand has more than 5
Congenital_limb_deformities
Moved by muscles paired appendages, which consist of different members
the forelimbs and hindlimbs are often called upper and lower limbs, respectively. The fore-/upper limbs are connected to the thoracic cage via the pectoral/shoulder
Limb_(anatomy)
Mind map showing a summary of upper limb muscle innervation
List of skeletal muscles of the human body
List_of_skeletal_muscles_of_the_human_body
Each upper limb comprises 30 bones: 3 long bones of the arm and forearm, and 27 bones of the hand. There are 60 bones in total in the upper limbs. Humerus
List of bones of the human skeleton
List_of_bones_of_the_human_skeleton
Artificial device that replaces a missing body part
A transradial prosthesis is an artificial limb that replaces an arm missing below the elbow. Upper limb prostheses can be categorized in three main
Prosthesis
amputation. Children's literature with representation of characters with upper limb differences help empower children to accept their own, as well as others'
List of children's books featuring characters with limb differences
List_of_children's_books_featuring_characters_with_limb_differences
hand bones 818 Ill-defined fractures of upper limb 819 Multiple fractures involving both upper limbs, and upper limb with rib(s) and sternum 820 Fracture
List of ICD-9 codes 800–999: injury and poisoning
List_of_ICD-9_codes_800–999:_injury_and_poisoning
Medical specialty that focuses on the design and application of orthoses
strong conclusions on their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Upper-limb (or upper extremity) orthoses are mechanical or electromechanical devices applied
Orthotics
Symptoms resulting from chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve
Thatte MR, Mansukhani KA (May 2011). "Compressive neuropathy in the upper limb". Indian J Plast Surg. 44 (2): 283–97. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.85350. PMC 3193641
Nerve_compression_syndrome
Proximal part of the free upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow
anatomy, the arm refers to the upper limb in common usage, although academically the term specifically means the upper arm between the glenohumeral joint
Arm
Structure formed early in vertebrate limb development
development of the human embryo the upper limb bud appears in the third week and the lower limb bud appears four days later. The limb bud consists of undifferentiated
Limb_bud
Set of bones which connects the arm to the axial skeleton on each side
the shoulder girdle compared to the compact pelvic girdle; because the upper limb is not usually involved in weight bearing, its stability has been sacrificed
Shoulder_girdle
Nerve supply to the skin of the upper limbs
Cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs is the nerve supply to areas of the skin of the upper limbs (including the arm, forearm, and hand) which are
Cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs
Cutaneous_innervation_of_the_upper_limbs
Para-athletics classification
below elbow amputation. Normal function in both lower limbs. Other impairments in trunk. Upper limb function in throwing." After the introduction of the
T46_(classification)
Abnormal change in size of the lymph nodes
nonspecific reactions. Sinus histiocytosis: It is seen in lymph nodes draining limbs, inflammatory lesions, and malignancies. Nodal extensive necrosis Nodal
Lymphadenopathy
X-ray imaging method for veins
treatments which are evolving rapidly at present." Upper limb venography is indicated in those who has upper limb oedema, to demonstrate site of occlusion and
Venography
thus decreasing the angle between the upper arm and the forearm. of the humerus bone (the bone in the upper arm) at the shoulder Pectoralis major Anterior
List of flexors of the human body
List_of_flexors_of_the_human_body
Foreleg, or upper limb in bipeds
primates), the term upper limb is often used. A forelimb is not to be confused with a forearm, which is a distal portion of the human upper limb between the elbow
Forelimb
Long bone that serves as a strut between the scapula and the sternum
protects the neurovascular bundle that supplies the upper limb. Transmits physical impacts from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Muscles and ligaments that
Clavicle
Paralysis of all four limbs and torso
better protection in traffic. Upper limb paralysis refers to the loss of function of the elbow and hand. When upper limb function is absent as a result
Tetraplegia
Inflammation of the veins
November 2015). "Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (11)
Phlebitis
Medical condition
distribution. It is typically marked by insidious onset of muscle atrophy of an upper limb, which plateaus after two to five years from which it neither improves
Hirayama_disease
Death of a region of brain cells due to poor blood flow
relatively high dose of repetitive task practice may be effective in improving upper limb function. However, further primary research, specifically of CIMT, mental
Stroke
Overview of and topical guide to human anatomy
Abdominal regions Regions of back Perineal regions Regions of upper limb Regions of lower limb General terms Bony part Cortical bone Compact bone Spongy bone
Outline_of_human_anatomy
Treatment for some kinds of pain
whose limb had been amputated and who had phantom limb pain (PLP). Ramachandran created a visual (and psychological) illusion of two intact limbs by putting
Mirror_therapy
Wearable machine meant to enhance a person's strength and mobility
Arne; Leonhardt, Steffen (2014-01-09). "A survey on robotic devices for upper limb rehabilitation". Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. 11 3
Exoskeleton_(human)
Neurological movement disorder
subtype estimates (per 100,000) of cervical 9.95, blepharospasm 2.82, upper-limb 1.27, oromandibular 0.57, and laryngeal 0.40. The Italian Bernardino Ramazzini
Dystonia
Weakness of one entire side of the body
Movement (STREAM) The STREAM consists of 30 test items involving upper-limb movements, lower-limb movements, and basic mobility items. It is a clinical measure
Hemiparesis
Tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by fingertips
measured at the wrist or neck for adults and at the brachial artery (inner upper arm between the shoulder and elbow) for infants and very young children
Pulse
Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries
attacks, signs and symptoms may include sudden weakness, facial or lower limb numbness, confusion, difficulty understanding speech, and problems seeing
Arteriosclerosis
Inability to perform purposeful movements
poorly to nonresearch use. The Test to Measure Upper Limb Apraxia (TULIA) is one method of determining upper limb apraxia through the qualitative and quantitative
Apraxia
Movement disorders that appear in early childhood
self-care depends primarily on the use of the upper limbs. For those living with CP, impaired upper limb function affects almost 50% of children and is
Cerebral_palsy
Surgical reattachment of a body part
Henderson, James (2014-02-10). "Management of traumatic amputations of the upper limb". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 348: g255. doi:10.1136/bmj.g255. ISSN 1756-1833
Replantation
Blockage of a blood vessel by a circulatory mass (embolus)
syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease Pulmonary embolism head
Embolism
Abduction is an anatomical term of motion referring to a movement which draws a limb out to the side, away from the median sagittal plane of the body. It is thus
List of abductors of the human body
List_of_abductors_of_the_human_body
Inflammatory disease involving a buildup of lesions in the walls of arteries
atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries, carotid arteries, cerebral arteries, limb arteries, or other vessels. The definitions of the different histological
Atherosclerosis
Application of natural systems to technology
in the country are upper limb for that reason, with the global share being 10-20%. Unofficial estimates put the number of upper limb amputations between
Bionics
Medical condition
syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease Pulmonary embolism head
Hypertensive_heart_disease
Two-million-year-old hominin from the Cradle of Humankind
humerus ratio) of 84, and large joint surfaces. It is debated if apelike upper limb configuration of australopithecines is indicative of arboreal behaviour
Australopithecus_sediba
Drop in blood pressure when standing up or sitting down
of the bed slightly elevated. This reduces the return of fluid from the limbs to the kidneys at night, thereby reducing nighttime urine production and
Orthostatic_hypotension
Medical condition in which spasm of arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow
vascular disease. It commonly progresses within several years to affect other limbs as the vascular disease progresses. Three main changes are seen in the mechanism
Raynaud_syndrome
Joint between the upper and lower parts of the arm
to properly place the hand in space by shortening and lengthening the upper limb. While the superior radioulnar joint shares joint capsule with the elbow
Elbow
Injury to the innermost layer of the aorta
syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease Pulmonary embolism head
Aortic_dissection
International standard on human anatomical terminology
cartilages Vertebral column Thoracic skeleton Bones of upper limb Bony pelvis Bones of lower limb Joints Joints of skull Joints of auditory ossicles Laryngeal
Terminologia_Anatomica
Medical procedure
Limb-sparing techniques, also known as limb-saving or limb-salvage surgery, are performed in order to preserve the appearance and function of limbs. Limb-sparing
Limb-sparing_techniques
Ligament of the esophagus and diaphragm
an upper and lower limb which attach to the superior and inferior surfaces of the diaphragm respectively at the esophageal hiatus. The upper limb attaches
Phrenoesophageal_ligament
Region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist
The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, a word
Forearm
Meteorological optical phenomenon
conditions are right, a distinct green spot is briefly visible above the Sun's upper limb; the green appearance usually lasts for no more than two seconds. Rarely
Green_flash
combination of all of the head regions. The upper limb region is a combination of all of the arm regions. The lower limb region is a combination of all of the
List of human anatomical regions
List_of_human_anatomical_regions
Abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus veins in the scrotum
maneuver; no scrotal deformation. Grade II: Reflux reaches the proximal (upper) pampiniform plexus during Valsalva; no scrotal deformation. Grade III:
Varicocele
Surgical removal of one or both breasts
side effects such as lymphedema (swelling of the lymph nodes) may occur. Upper limb problems such as shoulder and arm pain, weakness, and restricted movement
Mastectomy
Method for controlling a prosthesis
prosthesis restores a biologically accurate gait to a person with a loss of limb. This is a special branch of control that has an emphasis on the interaction
Robotic_prosthesis_control
Medical condition
manifests as pain when the limb is dependent (hanging down the edge of a bed/chair) and/or significant swelling of the whole limb. Because of its similarities
May–Thurner_syndrome
Involuntary muscle contraction
been clinically tested that the increase of damping or inertia in the upper limb leads to a reduction of the tremorous motion. Biomechanical loading relies
Tremor
Company in Poznań, Poland
Aether Biomedical is a Polish-based medical robotics company developing upper-limb prosthetic technology, best known for the Zeus bionic hand. The company
Aether_Biomedical
Boundary of the chest cavity
For example, the front and back sides may include attachments of large upper limb muscles like pectoralis major or latissimus dorsi, while the sides only
Thoracic_wall
Network of nerves
and brachioradialis. A loss of sensation in the lateral aspect of the upper limb is also common with such injuries. An inferior brachial plexus injury
Brachial_plexus
Recurrent inflammation and clotting of blood vessels in the hands and feet
thrombosis (clotting) of arteries and veins of the hands and feet (the lower limbs being more common). The mechanisms underlying Buerger's disease are still
Thromboangiitis_obliterans
Human elbow pit
venous thrombosis. Superficial veins of the upper limb. Front of right upper extremity. Front of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones
Cubital_fossa
Muscle of the upper limb
The teres major muscle is a muscle of the upper limb. It attaches to the scapula and the humerus and is one of the seven scapulohumeral muscles. It is
Teres_major_muscle
Unanticipated finding unrelated to the original inquiry
In medical or research imaging, an incidental imaging finding (also called an incidentaloma or an incidental finding) is an unanticipated finding which
Incidental_imaging_finding
Large blood vessel in the arm
vein) is a superficial vein in the arm. It is the longest vein of the upper limb. It starts at the anatomical snuffbox from the radial end of the dorsal
Cephalic_vein
Para-swimming classification
they are missing a limb, amputees are more prone to overuse injuries in their remaining limbs. Common problems for intact upper limbs for people in this
S8_(classification)
Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein
(including cyanosis) is phlegmasia cerulea dolens. It is life-threatening, limb-threatening, and carries a risk of venous gangrene. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens
Deep_vein_thrombosis
Time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise
This morning twilight period will last until sunrise (when the Sun's upper limb breaks the horizon), when direct daylight outshines the diffused light
Dawn
Medial bone from forearm
notches. The olecranon is a large, thick, curved eminence, situated at the upper and back part of the ulna. It is bent forward at the summit so as to present
Ulna
Long bone of the upper arm
amphibians had little, if any, shaft connecting the upper and lower extremities, making their limbs very short. In most living tetrapods, however, the
Humerus
Muscle between the lower spine and the shoulder blade
(C3) and fourth (C4) cervical spinal nerves. Since it is a muscle of the upper limb, the trapezius is not innervated by dorsal rami, despite being placed
Trapezius
Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart
Look up vein in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Merck Manual article on veins A lecture on YouTube on the veins' and lymphatic systems of the upper limb
Vein
Connection between brain and computer
electrical activity and an external device, most commonly a computer or robotic limb. BCIs are often directed at researching, mapping, assisting, augmenting,
Brain–computer_interface
Artificial body part created using 3D printing
million individuals have a limb deformity and approximately 540,000 of those individuals specifically sustain upper limb deformities. In the United States
3D_printed_prosthesis
Exercise therapy
workplace-based use of the Feldenkrais Method may help rehabilitate people with upper limb complaints. A 2022 report on the effectiveness of the Feldenkrais Method
Feldenkrais_method
Excessive enlargement of the human aorta
syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease Pulmonary embolism head
Aortic_aneurysm
Medical condition
syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease Pulmonary embolism head
Stenosis
Paralysis of a single limb
single limb or to a specific region of the body. Monoplegia of the upper limb is sometimes referred to as brachial monoplegia, and that of the lower limb is
Monoplegia
Inflammation or infection of the lymphatic channels
moist compresses, or heating pads. Immobilizing and elevating the affected limb whenever it is possible, and administering analgesics to control pain. [citation
Lymphangitis
Ballooning or rupturing of a blood vessel in the brain
syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease Pulmonary embolism head
Intracranial_aneurysm
Hinge joints between finger phalanges
"Interphalangeal joint anatomy". In Copeland, Stephen (ed.). Joint stiffness of the upper limb. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1-85317-414-9. This article incorporates text
Interphalangeal joints of the hand
Interphalangeal_joints_of_the_hand
Medical intervention
Upper-limb surgery in tetraplegia includes a number of surgical interventions that can help improve the quality of life of a patient with tetraplegia.
Upper-limb surgery in tetraplegia
Upper-limb_surgery_in_tetraplegia
Genetic disorder causing malformation of the heart and upper limb bones
autosomal dominant disorder that affects bones in the arms and hands (the upper limbs) and often causes heart problems. The syndrome may include an absent
Holt–Oram_syndrome
Large, flat back muscle
scapula, from which an extra slip is typically added to the muscle. Its upper fibers are nearly horizontal, middle, oblique, and lower, vertical: it then
Latissimus_dorsi_muscle
Technique that uses low-energy electrical pulses
FES can be used to generate muscle contraction in otherwise paralyzed limbs to produce functions such as grasping, walking, bladder voiding and standing
Functional electrical stimulation
Functional_electrical_stimulation
Anatomical compartments
anatomical term of the compartments within the upper segment of the upper limb (the arm) of the body. The upper limb is divided into two segments, the arm and
Fascial_compartments_of_arm
Compression of the ulnar nerve in the elbow
PMID 38760642. Range, Tierra L.; Samra, Navdeep S. (2026), "Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Osborne Band", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing
Cubital_tunnel_syndrome
Nerves in the thorax and abdomen
course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb and thorax; the next four distribute to the walls of the thorax; the lower
Intercostal_nerves
Daily appearance and disappearance of the Moon at the Earth's horizon
Moonrise and moonset are times when the upper limb of the Moon appears above the horizon and disappears below it, respectively. The exact times depend
Moonrise_and_moonset
Muscle on the back of the upper arm
"three-headed muscle of the arm"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It consists of three parts: the medial, lateral,
Triceps
Compression of the left renal vein, restricting bloodflow from the left kidney
manifestation of NCS includes varicocele formation and varicose veins in the lower limbs. Another clinical study has shown that nutcracker syndrome is a frequent
Nutcracker_syndrome
Medical condition in which superficial veins become large and twisted
to major complications, due to the poor circulation through the affected limb. Pain, tenderness, heaviness, inability to walk or stand for long hours Skin
Varicose_veins
Area of the human body beneath the joint between arm and torso
of the arm. Axillary artery and its branches - anterior view of right upper limb and thorax. The veins of the right axilla, viewed from in front. The right
Axilla
Use of the human body to lift, lower, carry or transfer loads
often involving strains and sprains to the lower back, shoulders, and upper limbs. According to a U.S. Department of Labor study published in 1990, back
Manual_handling_of_loads
Topics referred to by the same term
of a tree Limb, in astronomy, the curved edge of the apparent disk of a celestial body, e.g. lunar limb Limb, in botany, the border or upper spreading
Limb
Medical condition
Ligamentous laxity Hypermobility Enthesopathy/ Enthesitis/ Tendinopathy upper limb Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder Shoulder impingement syndrome Shoulder
Baker's_cyst
Shoulder junction between the scapula and the clavicle
1016/B978-1-4557-0999-1.00030-7. ISBN 978-1-4557-0999-1. Jacob, S. (2008). "Upper Limb". Human Anatomy. pp. 5–49. doi:10.1016/B978-0-443-10373-5.50005-1.
Acromioclavicular_joint
Dilated veins in the lower oesophagus
varices are typically diagnosed through an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The upper two thirds of the esophagus are drained via the esophageal veins, which
Esophageal_varices
Main external rotator of the shoulder
2011. Brand, R. A. (2008). "Origin and Comparative Anatomy of the Pectoral Limb". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 466 (3): 531–42. doi:10
Infraspinatus_muscle
Veins close to the surface of the body
Superficial veins are veins that are close to the surface of the body, as opposed to deep veins, which are far from the surface. Superficial veins are
Superficial_vein
Lower extremity or limb of the human body
The human leg is the lower limb of the human body, including the thigh, knee, lower leg, ankle, foot, or sometimes even the hip or buttock region. There
Human_leg
Superficial veins of upper limb Cephalic vein Basilic vein Median cubital vein Dorsal venous network of hand Deep veins of upper limb Brachial veins Ulnar
List of veins of the human body
List_of_veins_of_the_human_body
UPPER LIMB
UPPER LIMB
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Upper Farm
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Ram Herder
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Upper Forest
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Upper World
Boy/Male
Scottish
From the upper part.
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, Christian, English
From the Upper Town
Boy/Male
Muslim
Having the upper hand, More acceptable
Boy/Male
Tamil
Adikya | அதீகà¯à®¯à®¾
Authority, Showing upper hand
Adikya | அதீகà¯à®¯à®¾
Boy/Male
Arabic
Supper Power
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
High or Upper
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a herdsman who had charge of rams, from an agent derivative of Middle English to(u)pe ‘ram’ (of uncertain origin).German (Tüpper) : occupational name for a potter, from Middle Low German duppe, Rhenish düppen ‘pot’. This is predominantly a Rhineland surname.This is the name of a family descended from two brothers, originally from Kassel, Germany. They fled religious persecution in the 16th century, settling in the Netherlands, where a descendant became burgomaster of Rotterdam in 1813. A branch of the family settled in England at Sandwich, Kent, whence another descendant, Thomas Tupper, went to America in 1635, and helped to found Sandwich, MA, in 1637. Benjamin Tupper, born in Stoughton, MA, in 1738 was a colonial legislator and explorer of OH.
Girl/Female
British, English, German, Russian
Supper
Boy/Male
Scottish
From the upper part.
Boy/Male
British, English
Upper Forest
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Upper Arm; Strength; Power; Support
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Upper Forest
Biblical
roof; upper floor
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical
Roof; Upper Floor
Boy/Male
Indian
Authority, Showing upper hand
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Upper Church
UPPER LIMB
UPPER LIMB
Boy/Male
Indian
Suitable, Polite, Creator
Boy/Male
Australian, Hebrew, Irish
Will; Desire and Helmet Protection; Strong Protector; Helmet of will
Girl/Female
Hindu
Young girl, Young woman
Girl/Female
Muslim
Generous
Girl/Female
Arabic
Shooting Star
Girl/Female
Muslim
A narrator of Hadith
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Observer supervisor
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Spreader of good news
Biblical
made warm
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Modern
Soul
UPPER LIMB
UPPER LIMB
UPPER LIMB
UPPER LIMB
UPPER LIMB
n.
The upper leather for a shoe; a vamp.
n.
One who performs the operation of cupping.
n.
The upper part of a retort.
n.
The upper hand; advantage; superiority; mastery.
n.
An upper servant of an inn.
adv.
In the upper parts; above.
v. i.
To take supper; to sup.
n.
The upper lip.
n.
The highest class in society; the upper ten. See Upper ten, under Upper.
n.
The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.
n.
The upper jaw or maxilla.
n.
The upper part; the top.
n.
A fir pole of from four to seven inches diameter, and twenty to forty feet long, sometimes roughly hewn, used for scaffoldings, and sometimes for slight and common roofs, for which use it is split.
n.
A loose upper garment
comp.
Being further up, literally or figuratively; higher in place, position, rank, dignity, or the like; superior; as, the upper lip; the upper side of a thing; the upper house of a legislature.
n.
A loose, flowing upper garment
v. t.
To supply with supper.
n.
See 2d Dubber.
n.
A meal taken at the close of the day; the evening meal.
n.
Upper leather.