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U.S. foreign policy during the Vietnam War
Vietnamization was a policy enacted in early 1969 by the Richard Nixon administration aimed at ending U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War by expanding
Vietnamization
Acquisition or imposition of elements of Vietnamese culture
minorities like Tai, Chinese, and Khmers. Vietnamization was by and large practised by various administrations. Vietnamization is one of major example over cultural
Vietnamization (cultural assimilation)
Vietnamization_(cultural_assimilation)
1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia
American opposition to the war. Johnson's successor, Richard Nixon, began "Vietnamization" from 1969, which saw the conflict fought by an expanded ARVN while
Vietnam_War
Vietnamese goddess
Vietnamese Studies vol. 3, issue 3 (2008): 261–290. Thế Anh, Nguyễn. “The Vietnamization of the Cham Deity Pô Nagar.” Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts. Ed. K.W.
Thiên_Y_A_Na
1976 play by Christopher Durang
The Vietnamization of New Jersey (subtitled "A American Tragedy" [sic]) is a 1976 play written by American playwright Christopher Durang. The play was
The Vietnamization of New Jersey
The_Vietnamization_of_New_Jersey
Vietnam War–era American multi-service special operations unit
Technical Directorate of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam as part of the Vietnamization effort. The Studies and Observations Group (also known as SOG, MACSOG
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group
Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam_–_Studies_and_Observations_Group
Rolling Thunder. Johnson's successor, Richard Nixon, adopted a policy of "Vietnamization", training the South Vietnamese army so it could defend the country
United States in the Vietnam War
United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War
aid South Vietnam in the Vietnam War. Nixon implemented a policy of "Vietnamization", carrying out phased withdrawals of U.S. soldiers and shifting combat
Foreign policy of the Nixon administration
Foreign_policy_of_the_Nixon_administration
American politician and writer (1922–2016)
two-thirds. Laird publicized Vietnamization widely; in his final report as secretary of defense in early 1973, he stated: "Vietnamization ... today is virtually
Melvin_Laird
Country in Southeast Asia
ISBN 978-1-78625-513-6. Eggleston, Michael A. (2014). Exiting Vietnam: The Era of Vietnamization and American Withdrawal Revealed in First-Person Accounts. McFarland
Vietnam
1969–1976 opposition government and state in South Vietnam
the then-new American president, Richard Nixon, started a process of Vietnamization to allow the United States Armed Forces to withdraw from South Vietnam
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
Provisional_Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_South_Vietnam
Former naval branch of the South Vietnamese military
early 1969, President Richard M. Nixon formally adopted the policy of "Vietnamization". The naval part, called ACTOV ("Accelerated Turnover to the Vietnamese")
Republic_of_Vietnam_Navy
Military unit
medical and logistics assistance only). With the implementation of Vietnamization and withdrawal of U.S. forces starting in mid-1969 the countries contributing
Free World Military Assistance Forces
Free_World_Military_Assistance_Forces
Invasion of Cambodia by US and South Vietnamese forces (April–July 1970)
operations across the border. With the US shifting toward a policy of Vietnamization and withdrawal, it sought to shore up the South Vietnamese government
Cambodian_campaign
South Vietnamese general (1921–2008)
and later President Richard Nixon began implementing the policy of Vietnamization (under which there would be gradual American troop withdrawals and extensive
Cao_Văn_Viên
United States Navy admiral (1911–1981)
He was a stalwart supporter of President Richard Nixon's policy of Vietnamization. McCain played a significant role in the militarization of U.S. policy
John_S._McCain_Jr.
President of the United States from 1969 to 1974
strategy of replacing American troops with Vietnamese troops, known as "Vietnamization". He soon instituted phased U.S. troop withdrawals, but also authorized
Richard_Nixon
United States Coast Guard combat unit
cutters. The cutters were later turned over to the RVNN as part of the Vietnamization of the war effort. Turnover of the cutters to RVNN crews began in May
Coast_Guard_Squadron_One
reactive approach. The U.S. and South Vietnam agreed on a policy of Vietnamization with South Vietnamese forces being expanded and equipped to take over
1969_in_the_Vietnam_War
Vietnamese general (1917–2002)
Base AL: Air University Press, 1979. Nguyen Duy Hinh, Major General, Vietnamization and the Cease-Fire. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military
Văn_Tiến_Dũng
Defunct South Vietnamese ground forces
role with an incomplete modernisation, and transformed again following Vietnamization, it was upgeared, expanded, and reconstructed to fulfill the role of
Army of the Republic of Vietnam
Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam
Government in exile of Laos
constitutional monarchy in Laos. The RLGE also seeks to end what it sees as the Vietnamization of Laos and the Lao-Viet special Brotherhood Treaty. It was most recently
Royal_Lao_Government_in_Exile
Mass evacuation of children at the end of the Vietnam War
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Babylift
Foreign policy espoused by U.S. president Richard Nixon in 1969
during a press conference in Guam, and formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3, 1969. According to Gregg Brazinsky, author of "Nation
Nixon_Doctrine
focus shifting to pacification and population security and supporting Vietnamization. The PAVN/VC generally reverted to sapper attacks and attacks by fire
1970_in_the_Vietnam_War
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
List of bombing campaigns of the Vietnam War
List_of_bombing_campaigns_of_the_Vietnam_War
Centrist and communitarian political ideology
personalism. However, the party's Central Committee actively engineered the "Vietnamization" of the philosophy to serve as the "spiritual foundation" (căn bản duy
Person_Dignity_Theory
1971–73 recordings by President Nixon
controversies Policies Economic Nixon shock Foreign Nixon Doctrine Vietnamization Environmental EPA Clean Water NOAA Legacy of Parks Cannabis war on drugs
Nixon_White_House_tapes
Military unit
artillery adjustment. The group provided also conducted convoy escort. Vietnamization of FAC operations began in 1969, but proceeded slowly. In May 1971.
504th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Group
504th_Expeditionary_Air_Support_Operations_Group
US paramilitary force in SE Asia
much like the American LRRPs. In 1971 MIKE Force was disbanded during Vietnamization. Montagnard Kit Carson Scouts Vietnamese Rangers Civilian Irregular
MIKE_Force
Revolutionary organization active in South Vietnam and Cambodia from 1960 to 1977
and to shift responsibility to the South Vietnamese, a process called Vietnamization. Pushed into Cambodia, the VC could no longer draw South Vietnamese
Viet_Cong
Part of the Vietnam War (1972)
of continued support to the South and demonstrating the failure of Vietnamization. The prospect of seizing a South Vietnamese provincial capital, which
Easter_Offensive
of the Vietnam War (1975) First Indochina War Viet Cong insurgency Vietnamization Vietnam War casualties Aircraft losses of the Vietnam War Edwin E. Moïse
Lists of allied military operations of the Vietnam War
Lists_of_allied_military_operations_of_the_Vietnam_War
Part of the Vietnam War
1969 inauguration of Richard Nixon and the change of U.S. policy to Vietnamization, thus ending the direct involvement of U.S. combat troops via phased
Joint warfare in South Vietnam, 1963–1969
Joint_warfare_in_South_Vietnam,_1963–1969
Former Vietnamese province (1834–1841/1847)
Tây Thành (lit. 'Western Fortress') was formerly the 32nd province of Nguyễn Vietnam, encompassing what is now modern-day Cambodia. Its capital was the
Tây_Thành_province
Historical Buddhist temple in the Thừa Thiên Huế province of Vietnam
pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-604-77-0598-6. Nguyễn, Thế Anh (1995). "The Vietnamization of the Cham Deity Pô Nagar". Asia Journal. 2: 55–67. Jones, pp. 142–143
Thiên_Mụ_Temple
1968 Vietnam War military campaign
effort on the takeover of the fighting by the South Vietnamese (through Vietnamization), the pacification of the countryside, and the destruction of communist
Tet_Offensive
American actor (born 1978 or 1979)
Year Title Role Notes 2007 The Vietnamization of New Jersey Father McGillicutty Off-Broadway 2008 Cape Disappointment Russell/Jack/Florence The Debate
Michael_Cyril_Creighton
Russian government policy
rather than Russia, then becoming responsible for fighting separatists. Vietnamization Eichler 2011, p. 53. Eichler, Maya (2011). Militarizing Men: Gender
Chechenization
U.S. Director of Central Intelligence (1966–1973)
474–475: article "Vietnamization". Buttinger, Vietnam: The Unforgettable Tragedy (1977) 107–112, at 111: "the failure of Vietnamization was [due to] the
Richard_Helms
Theory of political fluctuations in US history
Ext World War II, Cold War, Korean and Vietnam Wars 1967 1987 20 Int Vietnamization, détente, dissolution of Soviet Union 1987 2016 29 Ext Post-Cold-War
Cyclical_theory
US Cold War foreign policy against communist spread
minimum required to contain communist advances, in a policy called Vietnamization. As the war continued, it grew less popular. A Democratic Congress forced
Containment
Mekong Delta to the Vietnamese in history, and the subsequent enforced Vietnamization and conflicts which Vietnam repeatedly occupied the country, French
List of irredentist claims or disputes
List_of_irredentist_claims_or_disputes
1969–1970 US covert military operation in Cambodia
time for the US withdrawal, and time to implement the new policy of Vietnamization. Nixon had promised during the election of 1968 if elected, to continue
Operation_Menu
United States Coast Guard cutter
USCGC Point Welcome (WPB-82329) was an 82-foot (25 m) Point-class cutter constructed at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland in 1961 for use as
USCGC_Point_Welcome
Military unit
Detachment and the 19th PSYOP Company over to 5th Group. With the "Vietnamization" of the conflict, the 3rd SFG (A) was inactivated in 1969 and its members
3rd Special Forces Group (United States)
3rd_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)
Part of the Vietnam War (1972)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Battle_of_Đồng_Hới
Military operation of the Vietnam War
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Kentucky_Jumper
Joint-service command of the US Dept. of Defense in South Vietnam (1962-73)
supervise the technical assistance still required to complete the goals of Vietnamization. This headquarters became the Defense Attaché Office, Saigon. That headquarters
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam
Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam
October 1985. Retrieved 10 February 2018. "U.S. Marines In Vietnam: Vietnamization And Redeployment, 1970-1971" (PDF). USMC Military History Division.
List of 1st Marine Division commanders
List_of_1st_Marine_Division_commanders
Vietnamese military forces. These programs were known as Pacification and Vietnamization respectively as part of the Winning Hearts And Minds strategy being
Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment Vietnam deployments 1965–1972
Royal_New_Zealand_Infantry_Regiment_Vietnam_deployments_1965–1972
1994 British TV series or programme
Vietnam War Cambodian bombing Paris Peace Accords "Peace with Honor" Vietnamization Silent majority Cold War period Linkage policy Drug Abuse Prevention
Watergate_(TV_series)
controversies Policies Economic Nixon shock Foreign Nixon Doctrine Vietnamization Environmental EPA Clean Water NOAA Legacy of Parks Cannabis war on drugs
1960 United States presidential election
1960_United_States_presidential_election
Country in Southeast Asia (1955–1975)
Vietnam. The new administration of Richard Nixon introduced a policy of Vietnamization to reduce US combat involvement and began negotiations with the North
South_Vietnam
CIA covert airline from 1950 to 1976
Organization Affairs. p. 75. "Air America in South Vietnam II from Vietnamization to the end: By Dr. Joe F. Leeker – PDF Free Download". Defence, National
Air_America_(airline)
Airbase in Vietnam
disposal. As the buildup of the RVNAF continued, the success of the Vietnamization program was evident during the 1972 Easter Offensive. Responding to
Tan_Son_Nhut_Air_Base
Part of the Vietnam War (1966)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Van_Buren
Part of the Vietnam War (1971)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Chenla_II
Unit of the Republic of Korea Marine Corps
original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2010-04-12. "Marines in Vietnam: Vietnamization and Redeployment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-22
2nd Marine Division (South Korea)
2nd_Marine_Division_(South_Korea)
Part of the Vietnam and Cambodian Civil Wars (1970–1971)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Chenla_I
Part of the Vietnam War (1967)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Hood_River
Part of the Vietnam and Cambodian Civil Wars (1970–1973)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Freedom_Deal
Unit of the United States Marine Corps
in the public domain. Cosmas, Graham (1986). US Marines in Vietnam Vietnamization and Redeployment 1970-1971. History and Museums Division Headquarters
1st Force Reconnaissance Company
1st_Force_Reconnaissance_Company
American lawyer and politician (1932–2009)
In scores of anti-war speeches, Kennedy opposed Nixon's policy of Vietnamization, calling it "a policy of violence [that] means more and more war". In
Ted_Kennedy
American writer
Studies Institute. 1993. ISBN 9789993361114. Neither Peace Nor Honor: Vietnamization, U.S. Withdrawal, and the Fall of South Vietnam. University of Kansas
James_Willbanks
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
1961_in_the_Vietnam_War
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
1965_in_the_Vietnam_War
Infantry component of the Republic of Vietnam Navy
formed the General Reserve with the strategic transformation under Vietnamization, with elite and highly-mobile units meant to be deployed in People's
Republic of Vietnam Marine Division
Republic_of_Vietnam_Marine_Division
American writer (1930–2025)
Podhoretz wrote that he would "prefer just such an American defeat to a 'Vietnamization' of the war." The longer passage from which the 1971 quote comes is
Norman_Podhoretz
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
1967_in_the_Vietnam_War
1966 battle during the Vietnam War
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Battle_of_A_Sau
1974 battle of the Cambodian Civil War
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Battle_of_Kampot
2011 Doctor Who episode
Vietnam War Cambodian bombing Paris Peace Accords "Peace with Honor" Vietnamization Silent majority Cold War period Linkage policy Drug Abuse Prevention
The_Impossible_Astronaut
Part of the Vietnam War (1959)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
1959_Biên_Hòa_compound_raid
Part of the Vietnam War (1969–1971)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Nantucket_Beach
Part of the Vietnam War (1967)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Lejeune
1973–1974 US charging of president
controversies Policies Economic Nixon shock Foreign Nixon Doctrine Vietnamization Environmental EPA Clean Water NOAA Legacy of Parks Cannabis war on drugs
Impeachment process against Richard Nixon
Impeachment_process_against_Richard_Nixon
U.S. military cloud-seeding project in Vietnam (1967–1972)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Popeye
U.S. conscription procedure during the Vietnam War
to end American involvement in the war lacked a deadline and under Vietnamization he announced withdrawal of 14,300 troops each month. November 15, 1969
Vietnam_War_draft
Vietnam war monitoring force
2021-12-31. Retrieved 2021-07-14. "Air America in South Vietnam II from Vietnamization to the end: By Dr. Joe F. Leeker – PDF Free Download". Defence, National
International Commission of Control and Supervision
International_Commission_of_Control_and_Supervision
Part of the Vietnam War (1966)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_New_York
Part of the Vietnam War (1967)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Essex
Australian War Memorial. Cosmas, G (1986). US Marines in Vietnam: Vietnamization and Redeployment 1970–1971. US Government printing Office. ASIN B000KA9ZRO
List of allied military operations of the Vietnam War (1970)
List_of_allied_military_operations_of_the_Vietnam_War_(1970)
1964 naval confrontation between North Vietnam and the United States
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident
Military supply route in Cambodia
M. Nixon in 1968 and the announcement of the new American policy of Vietnamization in 1969, America's relations with Cambodia began to change. The goal
Sihanouk_Trail
Part of the Vietnam War (1971)
Vietnamese forces could defend their nation in the face of the continuing Vietnamization withdrawal of U.S. ground combat forces from the theater. The operation
Operation_Lam_Son_719
Elections featuring President of the US
controversies Policies Economic Nixon shock Foreign Nixon Doctrine Vietnamization Environmental EPA Clean Water NOAA Legacy of Parks Cannabis war on drugs
Electoral history of Richard Nixon
Electoral_history_of_Richard_Nixon
Part of the Vietnam War (1974)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Battle_of_Svay_Rieng
Class of patrol boats
were later turned over to the South Vietnamese Navy as part of the Vietnamization of the war effort. When North Vietnam overtook the South the then-South
Point-class_cutter
Part of the Vietnam War (1967)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Akron
Political party in South Vietnam
ISBN 9781851099610. Retrieved 28 February 2025. Nguyen, Phi Vân (Spring 2017). "The Vietnamization of Personalism: The Role of Missionaries in the Spread of Personalism
Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party
Personalist_Labor_Revolutionary_Party
United States Navy SEAL and reality television competitor (1928–2019)
"Vietnamization" strategy. Boesch later concluded that these allied forces were capable, but overly dependent upon the U.S., and that "Vietnamization was
Rudy_Boesch
Topic in the Vietnam War
effort. Demise of ARVN Old difficulties however continued into the "Vietnamization" era and are well illustrated in the 1971 Laotian Lam Son 719 incursion
NLF and PAVN strategy, organization and structure
NLF_and_PAVN_strategy,_organization_and_structure
Adoption of features of another culture
Slovakization Swedification Ukrainization Thaification Turkification Vietnamization (cultural) Gerim "More Irish than the Irish themselves" Stolen Generations
Cultural_assimilation
Part of the Vietnam War (1966)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Byrd
Day of the year
withdraws 11,000 of its 48,000 troops from South Vietnam as part of Nixon's Vietnamization policy in the Vietnam War. 1980 – Gordie Howe of the Hartford Whalers
February_29
Malays, and Chinese settlers were sent to Cambodia to subsidize the Vietnamization of Cambodia, and Vietnamese fashion such as the ao dai was forced upon
Vietnamese invasions of Cambodia
Vietnamese_invasions_of_Cambodia
Part of the Vietnam War (1969)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation_Virginia_Ridge
Vietnamese revolutionary, diplomat, and politician (1911–1990)
represented with dedication". Thọ told Kissinger at their first meeting that "Vietnamization" was doomed, dismissively saying in French: "Previously, with over one
Lê_Đức_Thọ
Part of the Vietnam War (1969)
River Hat Dich Speedy Express Taylor Common Fayette Canyon 1969–1971: Vietnamization and fighting in Cambodia DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) Bold Mariner Dewey
Operation Massachusetts Striker
Operation_Massachusetts_Striker
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VIETNAMIZATION