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Ability to learn vocalization
Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations. "Vocalizations" in
Vocal_learning
Sounds birds use to communicate
the DLM (thalamus), and from DLM to LMAN, which then links the vocal learning and vocal production pathways through connections back to the RA. Some investigators
Bird_vocalization
Captive male Australian musk duck known for imitating human speech
Recordings of Ripper are believed to be the first material evidence of vocal learning in any waterfowl species. Hatched at Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve in September
Ripper_(duck)
Family of birds
hummingbirds: comparison to swifts, vocal learning (Songbirds) and nonlearning (Suboscines) passerines, and vocal learning (Budgerigars) and nonlearning (Dove
Hummingbird
Distinctive whistle of the bottlenose dolphin
studied in the wild or in captivity by researchers using hydrophones. Vocal learning strongly influences the development of signature whistles, which can
Signature_whistle
Terrestrial locomotion using two limbs
that bipedalism was adopted as a consequence of the acquisition of vocal learning in the human lineage, which led to a longer brain development period
Bipedalism
Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
migratory routes. An important area of study for animal culture is vocal learning, the ability to make new sounds through imitation. Most species cannot
Animal_culture
Repeating something someone else said
B. (1993). "Spontaneous vocal mimicry and production by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Evidence for vocal learning". Journal of Comparative
Speech_repetition
Study of the art and science of voice instruction
tone quality, vibrato, coloratura Vocal health and voice disorders related to singing Vocal styles, such as learning to sing opera, belt, or art song Phonetics
Vocal_pedagogy
Family of fruit bats
species, the Egyptian fruit bat, is capable of a kind of vocal learning called vocal production learning, defined as "the ability to modify vocalizations in
Megabat
American neuroscientist
is the head of a team of researchers who study the neurobiology of vocal learning, a critical behavioral substrate for spoken language. By studying animals
Erich_Jarvis
Species of finch
vocalizations and have become a dominant model species in the study of vocal learning. There is evidence that some aspects of this are culturally transmitted
Zebra_finch
Nucleus in the brain of songbirds
caudalis (HVc), and high vocal center) is a nucleus in the brain of the songbirds (order passeriformes) necessary for both the learning and the production of
HVC_(avian_brain_region)
Clade of birds
passerines), and parrots share a capacity for vocal learning. Thus it is possible that vocal learning, and the corresponding variety of song, was present
Psittacopasseres
Small, long-tailed, seed-eating parakeet
Nancy; Coopersmith, Carol; Foster, Valerie (2005). "Effects of Male Vocal Learning on Female Behavior in the Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus". Ethology
Budgerigar
Transcription factor gene of the forkhead box family
mice and songbirds indicate that it is necessary for vocal imitation and the related motor learning. Outside the brain, FOXP2 has also been implicated in
FOXP2
is a series of discrete brain nuclei involved in song production and vocal learning in songbirds. It was first observed by Fernando Nottebohm in 1976 in
Song_control_system
Inability to distinguish musical rhythm
perception and movement rely on complex vocal learning which require motor and auditory circuits in the brain. Vocal learning and beat perception do some overlapping
Beat_deafness
Folds of throat tissues that help to create n through vocalization
The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are folds of throat tissues that are key in creating sounds through vocalization. The length of the vocal cords
Vocal_cords
Transfer of information from animal to animal
vocalization. Vocal communication serves many purposes, including mating rituals, warning calls, conveying location of food sources, and social learning. In a
Animal_communication
Sounds produced by whales
numbering 3–12 clicks, in stereotyped patterns. They are the result of vocal learning within a stable social group. Some codas express clan identity, and
Whale_vocalization
Words that imitate the sound they describe
of onomatopoeias Sound mimesis in various cultures Sound symbolism Vocal learning Warblish Formerly also spelled onomatopeia. Onomatopoeia as a Figure
Onomatopoeia
Order of flying mammals
Roosting groups have their own distinct calls, and these may arise from vocal learning. In a study on captive Egyptian fruit bats, 70% of the directed calls
Bat
Study of intelligence in birds
associative learning and reversal learning. Perhaps low reversal learning correlates to better survival due to enhanced associative learning. Madden et
Bird_intelligence
Type of chimpanzee vocalization
separation, and consequently, varying habitat conditions and learning based upon experience (vocal learning). Chimpanzees have been observed to modify the structure
Pant-hoot
Harbor seal who could imitate human voice
Talking Seal, about Hoover and the Swallows. NOC (whale) Batyr (elephant) Vocal learning Talking animal Koko Nim Chimpsky Washoe List of individual seals and
Hoover_(seal)
Stage in child development and language acquisition
able to form before the period where learning to sing occurs. Social interaction is important in vocal learning where non-singing females can even influence
Babbling
Intelligence and awareness in elephants
with the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya, has demonstrated vocal learning and imitation in elephants of sounds made by each other and in the environment
Elephant_cognition
1984 studio album by the Pretenders
Learning to Crawl is the third studio album by the British rock band the Pretenders. It was released on 13 January 1984 by Sire Records after a hiatus
Learning_to_Crawl
Act of producing musical sounds with the voice
and vertically; and acquiring vocal techniques such as legato, staccato, control of dynamics, rapid figurations, learning to sing wide intervals comfortably
Singing
Largest species of toothed whale
in the number of clicks, rhythm, and tempo. Codas are the result of vocal learning within a stable social group, and are made in the context of the whales'
Sperm_whale
on the 1984 album Learning to Crawl. In February 1983, the Pretenders returned with McIntosh and bassist Malcolm Foster. Learning to Crawl was released
List of the Pretenders band members
List_of_the_Pretenders_band_members
Neuroscientist
investigates vocal communications in mammals. Vernes was the first to make use of bats as a tractable mammalian model of vocal learning. She is particularly
Sonja_Vernes
Genus of dolphin
B (1993). "Spontaneous vocal mimicry and production by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): evidence for vocal learning". Journal of Comparative
Bottlenose_dolphin
and for juvenile males to choose an appropriate song tutor during vocal learning. Researchers studying the swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) have demonstrated
Conspecific_song_preference
Complex animal communication
Janik, VM.; Slater, PJ. (Jul 2000). "The different roles of social learning in vocal communication". Anim Behav. 60 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2000AnBeh..60..
Animal_language
Complex sounds made by animals
the song learning crystallizes into adult song. For song learning to occur properly, young birds must be able to hear and refine their vocal productions
Animal_song
Family of birds
linked to woodpecker territorial drum displays mirror those that enable vocal learning in songbirds". PLOS Biology. 20 (9) e3001751. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio
Woodpecker
Subspecies of bird
implications for understanding human vocal learning and comprehension. Since male songbirds create their own songs through learning, each has its own unique variation
Society_finch
Species of bird
lesions of various parts of the zebra finch song system: implications for vocal learning". The Journal of Neuroscience. 11 (9): 2896–2913. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI
Australian_zebra_finch
Species of dolphin
(September 1993). "Spontaneous Vocal Mimicry and Production by Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Evidence for Vocal Learning". J Comp Psychol. 107 (3):
Common_bottlenose_dolphin
Organisms used to study biology across species
guttata: An Avian Model for Investigating the Neurobiological Basis of Vocal Learning". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2014 (12): 1237–1242. doi:10.1101/pdb
Model_organism
Topics referred to by the same term
region), an area in the avian brain involved in song production and vocal learning HVC ("Home Video Computer"), the product code used by Nintendo for Family
HVC
Barbershop harmony quartet from St. Charles, Missouri, U.S.
Vocal Spectrum is a barbershop quartet from St. Charles, Missouri. In 2004, Vocal Spectrum won the Barbershop Harmony Society's International Collegiate
Vocal_Spectrum
the vocal process is the anterior angle of the base of the arytenoid cartilage, as it projects horizontally forward and gives attachment to the vocal ligament
Vocal_process
Type of children's primary school
A vocal school, blab school, ABC school or old-time school was a type of children's primary school in some remote, rural places in North America in the
Vocal_school
Approach to study autism using non-human species
FOXP1 are distributed in language-related brain centers, influencing vocal learning through mechanisms that affect the formation of vocalization-related
Animal_model_of_autism
Brain of birds
Songhua; Meng, Wei (2023). "Analogies of human speech and bird song: From vocal learning behavior to its neural basis". Frontiers in Psychology. 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyg
Avian_brain
Unconventional, unorthodox, or non-traditional methods of singing
especially in art song and opera. Particularly famous examples of extended vocal technique can be found in the music of Luciano Berio, John Cage, George
Extended_vocal_technique
Non-human animal that can make human-like sounds
communication Human speechome project Kinship with All Life – book Vocal learning "Can any animals talk and use language like humans?". BBC. 16 February
Talking_animal
Intellectual capacity of cetaceans
increased memory and learning abilities. Whales use a variety of sounds for their communication and sensation. Odontocete (toothed whale) vocal production is
Cetacean_intelligence
Genre of electronic dance music
traditional verse/chorus structure. Structured vocal form in trance music forms the basis of the vocal trance subgenre, which has been described as "grand
Trance_music
Communication of dogs with other dogs and as well as humans
008. S2CID 15248027. Marler, Peter (1970). "A comparative approach to vocal learning: Song development in white-crowned sparrows". Journal of Comparative
Dog_communication
Musician
competitions. He is learning Carnatic vocal music under renowned musicians Vidushi's Ranjani & Gayatri. He was earlier learning Carnatic vocal music from Vidushi
Rahul_Vellal
American neurosurgeon
Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Jarvis, Erich D. (2019-10-04). "Evolution of vocal learning and spoken language". Science. 366 (6461): 50–54. doi:10.1126/science
Edward_Chang_(neurosurgeon)
American biologist (born 1963)
psychology Hoover (seal) Origin of language Origin of speech Origin of music Vocal learning "Tecumseh Fitch – Academic Website" (PDF). Retrieved November 30, 2023
W._Tecumseh_Fitch
Species of bird
amazons, like all parrots, exhibit vocal learning behavior in the wild. This behavior manifests in the form of vocal dialects, in which the repertoire
Yellow-naped_amazon
Species of bird
The newly discovered vocal variation is based on the fact that non-passerines, like nightjars, do not exhibit vocal learning, meaning that differences
Savanna_nightjar
Extension of the time between speech and auditory perception
sensory learning. They memorize songs and then engage in sensorimotor learning through vocal practice. Songs produced during sensorimotor learning are more
Delayed_auditory_feedback
Species of bat
Prat, Y.; Azoulay, L.; Dor, R.; Yovel, Y. (2017). "Crowd vocal learning induces vocal dialects in bats: Playback of conspecifics shapes fundamental
Egyptian_fruit_bat
areas (nuclei) that are involved in the learning and production of song. Those include the HVC (former "Higher Vocal Center", now HVC used as the proper name)
Adult neurogenesis in songbirds
Adult_neurogenesis_in_songbirds
Verbal and non-verbal interspecies communication
Brenda (1993). "Spontaneous Vocal Mimicry and Production by Bottlenose Dolphins: Tursiops truncatus: Evidence for Vocal Learning" (PDF). Journal of Comparative
Human–animal_communication
human vocal cords are composed of layered structures which are quite different at the histological level. The glottis is defined as the true vocal folds
Histology_of_the_vocal_cords
American singer
Higher 2013 – Vocal Spectrum IV 2014 – Features 2016 – Tribute 2016 – Vocal Spectrum V 2021 – Fly Again 2026 – Vocal Spectrum VI "Learning Tracks". Barbershop
Tim_Waurick
American ornithologist (1941–2000)
studies that established him as a leading expert of bird vocalization, vocal learning and bird dialects through the rest of his academic career. After earning
Luis_Felipe_Baptista
1995 soundtrack album by Various artists
Music From The Motion Picture "Higher Learning" is the soundtrack to John Singleton's 1995 film Higher Learning. It was released on January 3, 1995 on
Higher_Learning_(soundtrack)
Phenomenon observed in several animals
"Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning". Science. 290 (5492): 812–6. Bibcode:2000Sci...290..812D. doi:10.1126/science
Hippocampal_replay
American scientist
various contexts. Her studies have delved into topics such as elephant vocal learning, olfactory communication, and elephants' ability to classify human ethnic
Joyce_Poole
animals, including insect cognition. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from comparative psychology. It has also
Animal_cognition
Educational institution in Copenhagen, Denmark
The Complete Vocal Institute (Danish: Komplet Vocal Institute) also known as CVI, is a private vocal and music institution located in Copenhagen, Denmark
Complete_Vocal_Institute
Roberta (1980). "Environmentally dependent sensitive periods for avian vocal learning". Nature. 288 (5790): 477–479. Bibcode:1980Natur.288..477K. doi:10.1038/288477a0
Donald_Kroodsma
Study of sound relating to biology
Music therapy Natural sounds Soundscape ecology Underwater acoustics Vocal learning Whale sound Zoomusicology Phonology "Bioacoustics - the International
Bioacoustics
American neuroscientist, biochemist
evolutionary changes that have contributed to the social behavior, vocal learning, and other distinctive characteristics of songbirds that make them compelling
David_F._Clayton
1987 single by Pink Floyd
"Learning to Fly" is a song by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd, written by David Gilmour, Anthony Moore, Bob Ezrin, and Jon Carin. It was
Learning to Fly (Pink Floyd song)
Learning_to_Fly_(Pink_Floyd_song)
1976 single by Starland Vocal Band
"Afternoon Delight" is a song recorded by Starland Vocal Band. It was written by band member Bill Danoff. It has since gained the reputation of "a song
Afternoon_Delight
Non-denominational choral group
periods of time for breaks, recreation, games, music education, and vocal learning.[citation needed] For over 40 years, the group worked out of rented
All-American_Boys_Chorus
American singer and actress (1963–2012)
artistic achievements, Hollywood crossover, and music videos. Known for her vocal delivery, gospel singing style, crossover appeal, and live performances
Whitney_Houston
1991 single by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
"Learning to Fly" is a song by American rock band Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. It was written in 1991 by Tom Petty and his writing partner Jeff Lynne
Learning to Fly (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers song)
Learning_to_Fly_(Tom_Petty_and_the_Heartbreakers_song)
Learning that occurs through observing the behaviour of others
Observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based
Observational_learning
Theory of human behavior
Boyd & Richerson 1985, pp. 9, 69. Slater, P.J.B.; Janik, V.M. (2010). "Vocal Learning". Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior. pp. 551–557. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-045337-8
Dual_inheritance_theory
Icelandic singer (born 1999)
States charts. Her second album, Bewitched (2023), won Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards (2024) and produced the hit single
Laufey_(singer)
American animated interactive children's television series
bears. Papa Bear (vocal effects provided by Bill Farmer): Mama Bear (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker): Baby Bear (vocal effects provided by
Mickey_Mouse_Clubhouse+
1998 studio album by False Alarm
Learning Is Impossible is the first studio album by the American punk rock band False Alarm, which was released in 1998. "Learning Is Impossible" — 1:23
Learning_Is_Impossible
Species of bird
Thorsten J.; Dabelsteen, Torben (2015-07-27). "Differences in short-term vocal learning in parrots, a comparative study". Behaviour. 152 (11): 1433–1461. doi:10
Spectacled_parrotlet
Inability to replicate musical or rhythmic patterns
such as the Zebra Finch because this species has parallels to humans' vocal learning patterns and neurological structures. Adult zebra finches were placed
Auditory_arrhythmia
American geneticist
differentially expressed in sexually dimorphic song nuclei essential for vocal learning in songbirds. J Comp Neurol 518, 1995 (Jun 1, 2010). A. A. Scott-Van
Brett_Abrahams
Japanese neurobiologist (1933–2020)
findings highlighted the important role of auditory feedback in songbird vocal learning, using white-crowned sparrows and other songbird species. His work,
Masakazu_Konishi
Choral group founded in a Japanese prisoner of war camp in Sumatra during World War II
The Women's Vocal Orchestra of Sumatra (1943–1944) was a choral group founded in a Japanese prisoner of war camp in Sumatra during World War II. The Women's
Women's Vocal Orchestra of Sumatra
Women's_Vocal_Orchestra_of_Sumatra
2000 studio album by Switchfoot
Learning to Breathe is the third studio album by the band Switchfoot. It was released on September 26, 2000. It was their final record for independent
Learning to Breathe (Switchfoot album)
Learning_to_Breathe_(Switchfoot_album)
Swedish neuroscientist (born 1943)
Amsterdam. John Benjamins Publishing Company. B. Merker (in press): "The vocal learning constellation: imitation, ritual culture, encephalization." In: N. Bannan
Bjorn_Merker
American funk and soul band
Trot". Commodores were inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame and Vocal Group Hall of Fame. The band has also won one Grammy Award out of nine nominations
Commodores
Design features of a language
acquisition of vocalizations (Marler and Peters 1987) and other areas of vocal learning might raise alternative views that have relevance to language evolution
Traditional_transmission
Governor of Puerto Rico from 2017 to 2019
centered on recreating and studying the vocal learning pathway in songbirds to understand the implications for learning in humans. Rossello was recognized
Ricardo_Rosselló
Field of musicology and zoology that studies the music of animals
Biomusic Biophony List of animal sounds Nora (cat) Soundscape ecology Vocal learning Doolittle, Emily; Gingras, Bruno (October 2015). "Zoomusicology". Current
Zoomusicology
1993 live album by Warren Zevon
Learning to Flinch is a live solo acoustic album by American singer-songwriter Warren Zevon, recorded at various venues in the United States, Europe, New
Learning_to_Flinch
American singer (born 1968)
12, 1968) is an American singer and actress. She is a member of the pop vocal trio Wilson Phillips and is the daughter of the Mamas & the Papas band members
Chynna_Phillips
Cultural role of sound memesis
frozen sea in order to attract seals. Onomatopoeia Prehistoric music Vocal learning Pishing - imitation of bird sounds by birdwatchers Szomjas-Schiffert
Sound mimesis in various cultures
Sound_mimesis_in_various_cultures
American singer and actor (1915–1998)
Nothing at All", also had weak sales on their initial release. Thanks to his vocal training, Sinatra could now sing two tones higher, and developed a repertoire
Frank_Sinatra
2000 studio album by Everclear
Songs from an American Movie Vol. One: Learning How to Smile is the fourth studio album by American alternative rock band Everclear, released on July 11
Songs from an American Movie Vol. One: Learning How to Smile
Songs_from_an_American_Movie_Vol._One:_Learning_How_to_Smile
American singer (born 1976)
or Group with Vocal in 1999. Leigh Anne Bingham Nash was born in New Braunfels, Texas. She started singing country music and learning old country songs
Leigh_Nash
VOCAL LEARNING
VOCAL LEARNING
Surname or Lastname
English (Gloucestershire)
English (Gloucestershire) : possibly a local variant of Annis.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : origin uncertain; possibly an altered spelling of Wheelhouse, reflecting a local pronunciation.
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi
Nice Vocal Qualities
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumberland and Durham)
English (Northumberland and Durham) : unexplained; perhaps a variant of Scottish Wanders, which Black tentatively derives from a Scottish local pronunciation of Guinevere, name of King Arthur’s queen, who according to local Angus legend was buried in the parish of Alyth.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Vocal Cords
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Sindhi, Telugu, Traditional
Vocal Sound of Swan
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; possibly a variant of Meadows (see Meadow), reflecting a local pronunciation.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Tulsidas | தà¯à®²à®¸à¯€à®¤à®¾à®¸Â
A famous saint, Servant of Tulsi (Basil plant (Sanskrit scholar and poet who created Ramcharitmanas, a version of Valmiki Ramayana in local Avadhi language)
Tulsidas | தà¯à®²à®¸à¯€à®¤à®¾à®¸Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Prestwich, reflecting the old local pronunciation of the place name.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hansdhwani | ஹஂஸà¯à®¤à¯à®µà®¾à®¨à¯€Â
Vocal sound of swan
Hansdhwani | ஹஂஸà¯à®¤à¯à®µà®¾à®¨à¯€Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Deemer.French : habitational name apparently associated with a specific domain; the source is unclear, because of the wide range of local variants.
Boy/Male
Hindu
A famous saint, Servant of Tulsi (Basil plant (Sanskrit scholar and poet who created Ramcharitmanas, a version of Valmiki Ramayana in local Avadhi language)
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
South India Local God
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Irish (Westmeath) : probably a local variant of Leavy (see Dunleavy).
Boy/Male
Muslim
Vocal cords
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Heasley. Today the surname is found chiefly in northern Ireland and Scotland, but seems not to have a local source.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Possibly a variant of Marston, reflecting a local pronunciation, or a habitational name from Mastin Moor in Derbyshire.
Boy/Male
Tamil
South india local God
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Nice Vocal Quality
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Prestwich, reflecting the old local pronunciation of the place name.
VOCAL LEARNING
VOCAL LEARNING
Girl/Female
Hindu
Praise, Doe
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
From Ban.
Male
English
Pet form of English Reuben, RUBE means "behold, a son!"Â
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, German, Indian, Irish
Flower Name; Flowering Shrub; Named After the Plant Heather; Which are a Variety of Small Shrubs with Pink or White Flowers which Commonly Grow in Rocky Areas
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kiss
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Another Name for the Quran; Speech; Conversation
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Pleasant; Sweet
Girl/Female
Arabic
With Beautiful Eyes
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Macey, MACY means "gift of God."
Boy/Male
Tamil
A handsome Man, Born of fire, A scottish favorite in the late th century
VOCAL LEARNING
VOCAL LEARNING
VOCAL LEARNING
VOCAL LEARNING
VOCAL LEARNING
n.
The quality of being vocal; vocality.
a.
Of or pertaining to a vowel; having the character of a vowel; vowel.
a.
Of or pertaining to a vowel or voice sound; also, /poken with tone, intonation, and resonance; sonant; sonorous; -- said of certain articulate sounds.
a.
Not vocal; destitute of tone.
n.
The harmonious flow of vocal sounds.
n.
Vocal expression; articulation; speech.
a.
Of or pertaining to a vowel; vocal.
a.
Belonging to,or concerning, a focus; as, a focal point.
n.
A vocal sound; specifically, a purely vocal element of speech, unmodified except by resonance; a vowel or a diphthong; a tonic element; a tonic; -- distinguished from a subvocal, and a nonvocal.
a.
Consisting of, or characterized by, voice, or tone produced in the larynx, which may be modified, either by resonance, as in the case of the vowels, or by obstructive action, as in certain consonants, such as v, l, etc., or by both, as in the nasals m, n, ng; sonant; intonated; voiced. See Voice, and Vowel, also Guide to Pronunciation, // 199-202.
n.
The science which treats of vocal sounds.
a.
Of or pertaining to a particular place, or to a definite region or portion of space; restricted to one place or region; as, a local custom.
n.
The formation and utterance of vocal sounds.
n.
Loss of voice or vocal utterance.
n.
The exercise of the vocal organs; vocalization.
n.
A man who has a right to vote in certain elections.
n.
An instrument for measuring vocal sounds.
a.
Uttered or modulated by the voice; oral; as, vocal melody; vocal prayer.
a.
Having a voice or vocal quality; having a loud voice or many voices; vocal; sounding.
a.
Of or pertaining to the voice or speech; having voice; endowed with utterance; full of voice, or voices.