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Act of intentionally altering or manipulating the weather
Weather modification is the act of intentionally manipulating or altering the weather. The most common form of weather modification is cloud seeding,
Weather_modification
Short-term state of the atmosphere
minutely affect nearby weather, even at distances as far as 1,600 kilometres (990 mi). The effects of inadvertent weather modification may pose serious threats
Weather
Chinese cloud seeding organization
‹See RfD› The Beijing Weather Modification Office is a unit of the Beijing Meteorological Bureau tasked with weather control in Beijing, and its surrounding
Beijing Weather Modification Office
Beijing_Weather_Modification_Office
Weather modification that condenses clouds to cause rainfall
Cloud seeding is a type of weather modification that aims to change the amount or type of precipitation, mitigate hail, or disperse fog. The usual objective
Cloud_seeding
secret US "earthquake weapon". Numerous theories pertain to real or alleged weather-controlling projects. Theories include the debunked assertion that HAARP
List_of_conspiracy_theories
1977 international treaty on environmental modification
force on 5 October 1978. The Convention bans weather warfare, which is the use of weather modification techniques for the purposes of inducing damage
Environmental Modification Convention
Environmental_Modification_Convention
Weather modification in North America has been taking place since as far back as the 1950s. Programs related to this field have been authorized by the
Weather modification in North America
Weather_modification_in_North_America
This is a list of weather modification projects in the United States in 2025. In the United States, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
List of weather modification projects in the United States during 2025
List_of_weather_modification_projects_in_the_United_States_during_2025
Use of weather modification techniques for military purposes
Weather warfare is the use of weather modification techniques such as cloud seeding for military purposes. Prior to the Environmental Modification Convention
Weather_warfare
U.S. military cloud-seeding project in Vietnam (1967–1972)
by softening road surfaces and causing landslides. The chemical weather modification program was conducted from Thailand over Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam
Operation_Popeye
Weather modification conspiracy theory
2011–2017 drought was a deliberate, man-made phenomenon, created by weather modification. It is largely promoted by a number of self-proclaimed "independent
California drought manipulation conspiracy theory
California_drought_manipulation_conspiracy_theory
Large-scale methods to reflect sunlight and cool Earth
Solar radiation modification (SRM), also called solar geoengineering, is a group of large-scale approaches to reduce global warming by increasing the amount
Solar_radiation_modification
Conspiracy theory about contrails
purpose of the chemical release may be solar radiation management, weather modification, psychological manipulation, human population control, biological
Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory
Main climate class
middle of summer, temperatures exceeding 20°C (68 °F) are exceptional weather events in the most maritime of those locations impacted by this regime
Temperate_climate
One of Earth's four temperate seasons
by the name autumn. Association with the transition from warm to cold weather, and its related status as the season of the primary harvest, has dominated
Autumn
Severe weather phenomena are weather conditions that are hazardous to human life and property. Severe weather can occur under a variety of situations,
List of severe weather phenomena
List_of_severe_weather_phenomena
possible to use weather modification to influence hurricanes. Three days later, Greene made another post claiming weather modification was possible and
Misinformation about the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season
Misinformation_about_the_2024_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Natural disaster in Texas, U.S.
Taylor called the events "Fake weather. Fake hurricanes. Fake flooding". During "Project South Texas Weather Modification Association", Rainmaker Technology
July 2025 Central Texas floods
July_2025_Central_Texas_floods
Study of the atmosphere, its processes, and its interactions with other systems
a major focus on weather forecasting. Climatology is the study of atmospheric conditions over timescales longer than those of weather, focusing on average
Atmospheric_science
Weather modification ritual
Rainmaking is a weather modification ritual that attempts to invoke rain. It is based on the belief that humans can influence nature, spirits, or their
Rainmaking_(ritual)
NOAA weather modification program
creation of ice crystals, Langmuir became an enthusiastic proponent of weather modification. Schaefer found that when he dumped crushed dry ice into a cloud
Project_Stormfury
Light liquid precipitation
to Drizzle. National Weather Service Observing Handbook No. 8, Aviation Weather Observations for Supplementary Aviation Weather Reporting Stations (SAWRS)
Drizzle
Artificial rain-making
Cloud seeding in the United Arab Emirates is a weather modification technique used by the government to address water challenges in the country. Cloud
Cloud seeding in the United Arab Emirates
Cloud_seeding_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates
are used for both research and weather forecasting purposes. weather modification Weather Prediction Center (WPC) Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) 1. In
Glossary_of_meteorology
Hottest of the four temperate seasons
traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in
Summer
American anti-government militia
Atmospheric Administration, claiming they were secretly being used for weather modification. Veterans on Patrol was founded in Pima County, Arizona in 2015 with
Veterans_on_Patrol
Device claimed to stop hail
Storms Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-06-16. "Despite past failures, weather modification endures | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)"
Hail_cannon
American chemist and meteorologist
well as scientists around the world also working on weather modification to change local weather conditions for the better. Schaefer's discovery also
Vincent_Schaefer
Unusual, severe or unseasonal weather
Extreme weather includes unexpected, unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution—the range that has
Extreme_weather
One of the Earth's four temperate seasons
spring, vary according to the local climate and according to the specific weather of a particular year.[citation needed] In England, Wales and Northern Ireland
Spring_(season)
Proposal to stop or mitigate hurricanes
hurricanes. The bill barred the government from using nuclear bombs for weather modification, including to weaken or destroy hurricanes. The bill also required
Nuclear_strikes_on_hurricanes
Low-altitude horizontal cloud formation
of Canada (December 19, 2002). "Gust fronts and wind squalls". Severe Weather Watcher Handbook. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on June
Arcus_cloud
Meteorological phenomenon
wind blowing from the east has a wind direction referred to as 90°, etc. Weather forecasts typically give the direction of the wind along with its speed
Wind_direction
Precipitation that forms when supercooled droplets of water freeze on a falling snowflake
for:graupel. Dictionary.com, accessed September 12, 2006. Weather Glossary, G. The Weather Channel, accessed September 12, 2006. All About Snow; Archived
Graupel
Act of attempting to artificially induce or increase precipitation
which seeks to alter the climate, but a form of weather modification, as it seeks only to change local weather. In July 2025, the Delhi government announced
Rainmaking
Thunderstorm where little to no precipitation reaches the ground
major cause of wildfires. Because of that, the United States National Weather Service, and other agencies around the world, issue forecasts for its likelihood
Dry_thunderstorm
Form of solid precipitation
Efficiency of Hail Suppression Projects. 9th WMO Scientific Conference on Weather Modification. Antalya, Turkey. pp. 228–231. Abshaev, M. T.; Abshaev, A. M.; Malkarova
Hail
American physicist
in favor of funding research into weather modification and control that could reduce the impact of severe weather. He envisioned "concepts for electromagnetic
Bernard_Eastlund
Visible mass of particles suspended in the atmosphere
Precipitation Sunshine duration Undulatus asperatus Weather lore "Weather Terms". National Weather Service. Retrieved 21 June 2013. Ceppi, Paulo; Williams
Cloud
Atmospheric phenomenon
3 June 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2009. National Weather Service: JetStream - Online School for Weather (2008). "Air Masses". Archived from the original
Fog
Type of intense dust storm
'blasting/drifting') is an intense dust storm generated by strong winds from weather fronts or the downdrafts of thunderstorms. These storms occur in arid and
Haboob
Fraction of the sky obscured by clouds when observed from a particular location
usually lacking. Cloud cover that covers 0/8 of the Sky is considered Sunny weather, Cloud cover that covers 1/8 to 2/8 of the sky is Mostly Sunny, 3/8th to
Cloud_cover
Streak or shaft of precipitation that evaporates or sublimates before reaching the ground
the Middle East, Australia, and North Africa. Virgae can cause varying weather effects because as rain is changed from liquid to vapor form it removes
Virga
Weather of freezing precipitation and extreme winds
weather. "Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters". NCEI. Weather For Dummies, by John D. Cox National Severe Storms Laboratory. "Severe Weather
Winter_storm
Soviet over-the-horizon early-warning radar system
speculation, giving rise to theories such as Soviet brainwashing and weather modification experiments. However, because of its distinctive transmission pattern
Duga_radar
Application of science and technology
Weather forecasting or weather prediction is the application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location
Weather_forecasting
Flooding in Indonesia
flood risks, national and provincial disaster agencies have used weather modification since 2013. This involves flying planes to conduct cloud seeding
Floods_in_Jakarta
Aspect of Japan's military history
use of a military weather control program was related to the destruction of enemy food crops. Whether the use of a weather modification program was directly
Japan and weapons of mass destruction
Japan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Thai artificial rainmaking project
Bureau Royal Project Foundation Sufficiency Economy Silver iodide Weather modification "Father of Royal Rainmaking". Public Relations Department (Thailand)
Royal_Rainmaking_Project
American cloud seeder (1875–1958)
was apparently successful, so the ranchers paid him $100. Contemporary weather bureau reports described the rain as a small part of a storm that was already
Charles_Hatfield
Form of precipitation
Meteorological Society (2 October 1998). "Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification". Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 31 January
Rain
Dangerous meteorological phenomena
Severe weather is any dangerous meteorological phenomenon with the potential to cause damage, serious social disruption, or loss of life. These vary depending
Severe_weather
Mediterranean wind
Greek mythology Santa Ana winds – California weather phenomenon Horace, Satires, 1.5.78. Golden Gate Weather Services. Names of Winds. Retrieved on 2006-12-28
Sirocco
West African dry weather season
the Harmattan blows over the region. The Harmattan brings desert-like weather conditions: it lowers the humidity, dissipates cloud cover, prevents rainfall
Harmattan
New religious movement
polygamy is essential for men, that the government is engaged in weather modification and efforts to shut off "stargates" to alternate dimensions, and
University of Cosmic Intelligence
University_of_Cosmic_Intelligence
Pseudoscientific rain maker
verified instances of a cloudbuster actually working and producing noticeable weather change, such as causing rain. Orgone therapy is seen as pseudoscience.
Cloudbuster
Coldest of the four temperate seasons
different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern
Winter
1950s UK government initiative and the subject of conspiracy theories
Project Cumulus was a 1950s UK government initiative to investigate weather manipulation, in particular through cloud seeding experiments. The project
Project_Cumulus
Reade, David. "Perception-vs-Reality: The True History of Weaponized Weather and Operation Popeye in Southeast Asia" (PDF). Journal of the Air Force
List of United States government meteorology research projects
List_of_United_States_government_meteorology_research_projects
Interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
Earth's atmosphere and short-term atmospheric phenomena (i.e., weather), with a focus on weather forecasting. It has applications in the military, aviation
Meteorology
Chemical compound
Silver iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula AgI. The compound is a bright yellow salt, but samples almost always contain impurities of metallic
Silver_iodide
Genus of dense, towering vertical clouds
These clouds are capable of producing lightning and other dangerous severe weather, such as tornadoes, hazardous winds, and large hailstones. Cumulonimbus
Cumulonimbus_cloud
Precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice
sleet in the United States, the official term used by the U.S. National Weather Service. However, the term sleet refers to a mixture of rain and snow in
Ice_pellets
five continents. Cloud seeding in the United Arab Emirates is a weather modification technique used by the government to address water challenges in the
The UAE Research Program for Rain Enhancement Science
The_UAE_Research_Program_for_Rain_Enhancement_Science
Marvel Comics character
healing, longevity, and wisdom Odin Force grants: Magic manipulation Weather modification Electrokinesis Life-force manipulation Molecular manipulation Inter-dimensional
Odin_(Marvel_Comics)
Vortex or tornado occurring over a body of water
distinct mechanisms. The most common type is a weak vortex known as a "fair weather" or "non-tornadic" waterspout. The other less common type is simply a classic
Waterspout
The use of a military weather control program was related to the destruction of enemy food crops. Whether the weather modification program was related to
United States herbicidal warfare research
United_States_herbicidal_warfare_research
Rapid swings between extremes in weather
Weather whiplash is the phenomenon of rapid swings between extremes in weather, which most scientists argue is caused by climate change. “Weather whiplash”
Weather_whiplash
1984 film
recounting his story. Research is being carried out on possible control of the weather. The technical equipment for this is on board the Florida ARKLAB space
The_Noah's_Ark_Principle
waterspout water vapor weather weather forecasting weather front weather lore Weather Modification Operations and Research Board (US) Weather Prediction Center
Index_of_meteorology_articles
Strong wind
typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts. The U.S. National Weather Service defines a gale as sustained surface wind moving at a speed between
Gale
Social-media conspiracy theory alleging engineered or toxic fog
"large particles". Agencies have previously clarified limits of weather modification and debunked claims that routine technologies can create or steer
Fogvid-24
Form of precipitation consisting of rain and melting snow
sleet in most Commonwealth countries. However, the United States National Weather Service uses the term sleet to refer to ice pellets instead. This precipitation
Rain_and_snow_mixed
American meteorologist and ufologist (1920-1971)
physicist and meteorologist. He is known for his scientific research in weather modification through cloud seeding, while working as an associate director at
James_E._McDonald
Experimental technique to induce rainfall
Laser-assisted water condensation is an experimental technique for artificially causing rainfall. This technique was developed in 2011 by scientists from
Laser-assisted water condensation
Laser-assisted_water_condensation
Period with less precipitation than normal
Critical Issues in Weather Modification Research. Bibcode:2003nap..book10829N. doi:10.17226/10829. ISBN 978-0-309-09053-7. "Weather Centre – Features –
Drought
Division of the year
A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region. On Earth, seasons are the
Season
Yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics
season is a yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics. The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt, which moves from
Dry_season
Terminology used by the National Weather Service to describe severe weather in the US
This article describes severe weather terminology used by the National Weather Service (NWS) in the United States, a government agency operating within
Severe weather terminology (United States)
Severe_weather_terminology_(United_States)
Ground-level cloud of ice crystals
98 in). Diamond dust may sometimes cause a problem for automated airport weather stations. The ceilometer and visibility sensor do not always correctly
Diamond_dust
Thunderstorm during which there is snowfall
underneath the TROWAL, a trough of warm air aloft which shows up in a surface weather analysis as an inverted trough extending backward into the cold sector
Thundersnow
Fast-flowing atmospheric air current
affects the weather over the tropical Pacific Ocean and affects the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics, and can affect weather in higher-latitude
Jet_stream
Hot desert wind in Western Asia and other regions
of an extremely hot air mass somewhere to the northeast. Last Monday's weather was a very good strong example of the sort of conditions that would produce
Simoom
Cloud induced or caused by human activity
mixture is on the point of condensation). Cloud seeding, a form of weather modification, is the attempt to change the amount or type of precipitation that
Anthropogenic_cloud
Government agency of Indonesia
Communication Systems Deputy V (Weather Modification) Directorate of Weather Modification Administration Directorate of Weather Modification Operations Inspectorate
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency
Meteorology,_Climatology,_and_Geophysical_Agency
Prolonged period of excessively hot weather
heatwave, sometimes described as extreme heat, is a period of abnormally hot weather that lasts for multiple days. A heat wave is usually measured relative
Heat_wave
Condensed water vapor that falls from clouds
causing changes to weather, increasing precipitation in some geographies, and reducing it in others, resulting in additional extreme weather. Precipitation
Precipitation
American politician (born 1964)
Taylor Greene, introduced a bill which ban cloud seeding used for weather modification. The subject of the bill alluded to the disproven chemtrail conspiracy
Tim_Burchett
Storm characterized by lightning
line. Strong or severe thunderstorms include some of the most dangerous weather phenomena, including large hail, strong winds, and tornadoes. Some of the
Thunderstorm
Sudden increase in atmospheric temperature
Long-Lived Heat Burst Event in the Northern Plains". National Weather Digest. 27. National Weather Association: 27–34. Archived from the original on 11 June
Heat_burst
Academic journal
research related to the physical meteorology, cloud physics, hydrology, weather modification, satellite meteorology, boundary layer processes, air pollution meteorology
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
Journal_of_Applied_Meteorology_and_Climatology
Seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation
India's Twin Monsoons Are Critical To Its Well-Being | The Weather Channel". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on 2018-09-05. Retrieved
Monsoon
1976 resolution approving the Environmental Modification Convention
Nations General Assembly Resolution 31/72 referred the Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD) “to all States for their consideration, signature
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 31/72
United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_31/72
Thunderstorm that is generally weak and usually not severe
result of uneven heating of the surface, though they can be induced by weather fronts and other low-level boundaries associated with wind convergence
Air-mass_thunderstorm
Meteorological agency of South Africa
The South African Weather Service (SAWS) is the meteorological service under the South African government's Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism
South_African_Weather_Service
American meteorologist (1906–1998)
meteorology, synoptic weather analysis (weather forecasting), severe convective storms, cloud physics, and weather modification. Byers is most well known
Horace_R._Byers
Academic journal
radiation; meso- and macrostructure of clouds and cloud systems, and weather modification. Atmospheric science List of scientific journals List of scientific
Atmospheric_Research
Type of tornado not originating from a mesocyclone
Newsletter of the National Weather Service in Amarillo. José Garcia. Summer 2014. p. 3. Retrieved 2 September 2025. "European Severe Weather Database". European
Landspout
Sub-field of physics dealing with the atmosphere's structure, composition, and motion
2007, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2007-06-01. Oklahoma Weather Modification Demonstration Program. CLOUD PHYSICS. Archived 2008-07-23 at the
Atmospheric_physics
Bacterial rain-making process
Bioprecipitation is the concept of rain-making bacteria and was proposed by David Sands from Montana State University in the 1970s. This is precipitation
Bioprecipitation
WEATHER MODIFICATION
WEATHER MODIFICATION
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, German, Indian, Irish
Flower Name; Flowering Shrub; Named After the Plant Heather; Which are a Variety of Small Shrubs with Pink or White Flowers which Commonly Grow in Rocky Areas
Male
English
English habitational surname transferred to forename use, from the name of a place in Cheshire named after the river Weaver which got its name form Old English wefer, WEAVER means "winding." English occupational surname transferred to forename use, from Middle English weven, meaning "to weave," hence "weaver."
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : unexplained.
Male
Hebrew
(יֶתֶר) Hebrew name YETHER means "abundance" or "overhanging." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including the father-in-law of Moses. He is also known by the name Yithrow. Jether is the Anglicized form.
Male
German
Variant spelling of Old High German Werner, WERNHER means "Warin warrior," i.e. "covered warrior."
Female
English
English name derived from the plant name, HEATHER means "heather."
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Lancashire and Yorkshire)
English (chiefly Lancashire and Yorkshire) : metonymic occupational name for a leatherworker or seller of leather goods, from Middle English lether, Old English leþer ‘leather’.
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Wether-sheep Meadow
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English fether ‘feather’, applied as a metonymic occupational name for a trader in feathers and down, a maker of quilts, or possibly a maker of pens. Feathermongers are recorded from the 13th century onwards. In some cases the surname may have arisen from a nickname denoting a very light person or perhaps a person of no account.Americanized form of German Feder.
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Wether-sheep Farm
Girl/Female
English American
A flowering evergreen plant that thrives on peaty barren lands as in Scotland. Heather.
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Flowering Heather
Surname or Lastname
South German
South German : occupational name for a maker of slats or laths (see Lattner).English : perhaps a variant of Leather.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Weather, from Middle English wether ‘wether’, ‘(castrated) ram’ (Old English weðer), hence a nickname for a man supposedly resembling a wether, or a metonymic occupational name for a shepherd.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Leather.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin, possibly a variant of Hayter or Heather.
Male
German
Variant spelling of Old High German Walthere, WALTHER means "ruler of the army."Â In use by the Romani.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Yether, JETHER means "overhanging" or "abundance." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including the father-in-law of Moses. He is also known by the name Jethro.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name for someone from a place in West Yorkshire named Wetherby, from Old Norse veðr ‘wether (sheep)’ + býr ‘farmstead’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name, a variant of Heath with the addition of the habitational suffix -er. This surname is widespread in southern England, and also well established in Ireland.
WEATHER MODIFICATION
WEATHER MODIFICATION
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Warrior
Female
Scottish
Pet form of Scottish Maighread, PEIGI means "pearl."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Evening
Girl/Female
Polish
Rose.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Short
Girl/Female
American, French, Greek, Hindu, Indian, Latin
Affection; Soul; Sea Gull; Protection
Boy/Male
Tamil
Gajender | கஜேநதார
King of elephant and inderlok, Inderdev
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Supreme Name
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Irresistible
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
King; Strong; Always Smiles
WEATHER MODIFICATION
WEATHER MODIFICATION
WEATHER MODIFICATION
WEATHER MODIFICATION
WEATHER MODIFICATION
v. t.
To furnish with a feather or feathers, as an arrow or a cap.
imp. & p. p.
of Weather
v. t.
To beat, as with a thong of leather.
a.
Made or done in pleasant weather, or in circumstances involving but little exposure or sacrifice; as, a fair-weather voyage.
a.
Beaten or harassed by the weather; worn by exposure to the weather, especially to severe weather.
v. i.
To undergo or endure the action of the atmosphere; to suffer meteorological influences; sometimes, to wear away, or alter, under atmospheric influences; to suffer waste by weather.
a.
Kept in port or at anchor by storms; delayed by bad weather; as, a weather-bound vessel.
v. t.
Hence, to sustain the trying effect of; to bear up against and overcome; to sustain; to endure; to resist; as, to weather the storm.
a.
Made sloping, so as to throw off water; as, a weathered cornice or window sill.
a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, feathers; covered with, or as with, feathers; as, feathery spray or snow.
v. t.
To defend from the weather; to shelter.
v. t.
To sail or pass to the windward of; as, to weather a cape; to weather another ship.
n.
The state of the air or atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, or any other meteorological phenomena; meteorological condition of the atmosphere; as, warm weather; cold weather; wet weather; dry weather, etc.
v. i.
To have the appearance of a feather or of feathers; to be or to appear in feathery form.
adv.
On the weather side, or toward the wind; in the direction from which the wind blows; -- opposed to alee; as, helm aweather!
a.
Being toward the wind, or windward -- opposed to lee; as, weather bow, weather braces, weather gauge, weather lifts, weather quarter, weather shrouds, etc.
conj. Either
precedes two, or more, coordinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or.
v. t.
To render light as a feather; to give wings to.
a.
Made of leather; consisting of. leather; as, a leathern purse.