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A referendum on restoring the monarchy was held in Albania on 29 June 1997 alongside parliamentary elections. The proposal was rejected by 66.7% of voters
1997 Albanian monarchy referendum
1997_Albanian_monarchy_referendum
of succession. Independence referendum "Albania: two thousand attend Tirana protest rally in support of monarchy". ATA. 1997-07-02. Retrieved 2008-07-31
List_of_monarchy_referendums
parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 29 June 1997 alongside a simultaneous referendum on restoring the monarchy, with a second round of voting for
1997 Albanian parliamentary election
1997_Albanian_parliamentary_election
1997 conflict in southeastern Europe
Albanian) "Skaner 1997", Gëzim Zilja (in Albanian) "Kryengritje e tradhtuar", Panajot Barka (in Albanian) "Lufta jo civile", Preç Zogaj (in Albanian)
1997_Albanian_civil_unrest
Crown Prince of Albania from 1961 to 2011
On June 29, a referendum was held in Albania concerning a restoration of the monarchy. Before the results had been finalized, Albanian government officials
Leka,_Crown_Prince_of_Albania
Pyramid schemes which led to the 1997 Albanian civil unrest
The 1997 rebellion in Albania was in large part triggered by the failure of multiple pyramid schemes. These schemes, which grew to an unprecedented scale
Pyramid_schemes_in_Albania
2014). "Majority in Spain want referendum on future of monarchy". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 March 2018. "Anti-monarchy protests persist in Spain". Al
Monarchies_in_Europe
The desertion of 4 March 1997 (Albanian: Dezertimi i 4 Marsit 1997) was the desertion of two Albanian Air Force pilots, Agron Dajçi and Ardian Elezi, to
Desertion_of_4_March_1997
1997 US operation to evacuate American citizens from Albania
were also awarded the Combat Action Ribbon. 1997 Albanian civil unrest Operation Libelle "March 1997 - Albania (Operation Silver Wake)". www.history.navy
Operation_Silver_Wake
Albanian organized crime group
Gang of Pusi i Mezinit (Albanian: Banda e Pusit të Mezinit) was a criminal group with activities throughout southern Albania. Origin of the members of
Gang_of_Pusi_i_Mezinit
Albanian criminal group
Gang of Gaxhai (Albanian: Banda e Gaxhait) was a criminal group created in March 1997 that operated in the city of Vlora during 1997 when anarchy reigned
Gang_of_Gaxhai
German military operation in Tirana, Albania
Armed Forces that took place on March 14, 1997 in the Albanian capital of Tirana during the Albanian unrest of 1997. In the same week, American, British,
Operation_Libelle
Multinational peacekeeping force sent to Albania in 1997
force sent to Albania in 1997. Led by Italy, it was intended to help the Albanian government restore law and order during the 1997 Albanian civil unrest
Operation_Alba
Supreme law of Albania
Constitution of the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Kushtetuta e Republikës së Shqipërisë) was adopted by the Parliament of Albania on 21 October 1998 and certified
Constitution_of_Albania
Head of state
the representative of the unity of the Albanian people. The president sets the date of elections and referendums, grants pardons and awards, grants citizenship
President_of_Albania
Approximately US$6 million was stolen from the Albanian treasury in Shkodër in 1997 (equivalent to about US$12 million in 2025). "Supergrabitja e Thesarit
Robbery of the Northern State Treasury
Robbery_of_the_Northern_State_Treasury
Albanian organized crime group
Gang of Çole (Albanian: Banda e Çoles or Banda e Zani Çaushit) was an Albanian criminal group that operated in the city of Vlorë during 1997–2001. The peak
Gang_of_Çole
Leader of Albania from 1922 to 1939
1961) was an Albanian statesman and aristocrat who served as the leader of Albania from 1922 to 1939. At age 27, he first served as Albania's youngest ever
Zog_I
Albanian organisation created in January 1997
for Democracy (Albanian: Forumi për Demokraci) was an Albanian organisation created in January 1997 near the start of the 1997 Albanian civil unrest, in
Forum_for_Democracy_(Albania)
1997 naval disaster off the coast of Albania
The Tragedy of Otranto took place on 28 March 1997 when the Albanian ship Kateri i Radës sank in a collision with the Italian corvette Sibilla (F 558)
Tragedy_of_Otranto
United Nations resolution adopted in 1997
Council resolution 1101, adopted on 28 March 1997, after reiterating its concern over the situation in Albania, the council established a multinational protection
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1101
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1101
United Nations resolution adopted in 1997
Council resolution 1114, adopted on 19 June 1997, after recalling Resolution 1101 (1997) on the situation in Albania, the Council authorised an extension to
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1114
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1114
Head of government
the prime minister is a core institution in the politics of Albania formed after the Albanian declaration of independence on 28 November 1912. Since that
Prime_Minister_of_Albania
Unicameral legislature of Albania
Albania (Albanian: Kuvendi i Shqipërisë) or Kuvendi is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Albania; it is Albania's
Parliament_of_Albania
head of state, commander-in-chief of the Albanian Armed Forces and representative of the unity of the Albanian people. The president is elected by the
Politics_of_Albania
Political party in Albania
Albania led by Shpëtim Axhami. It supports the restoration of the Albanian monarchy under the House of Zogu, with the house's current head Prince Leka
Legality_Movement_Party
Referendum to decide whether a territory should become an independent country
independence precedent List of irredentist claims or disputes List of monarchy referendums List of proposed state mergers List of sovereign states List of territorial
Independence_referendum
modern-day Albania was dominated by Albanian principalities, when the Albanian principalities fell to the rapid invasion of the Ottoman Empire. Albania remained
History_of_Albania
April 12, 1997 The pretender to the throne, Leka I, returns to Albania and calls for a referendum on restoring the monarchy. April 15, 1997 The Italian-led
History of Post-communist Albania
History_of_Post-communist_Albania
Albanian state from 1946 to 1991
Socialist Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë) was the communist state that existed in Albania from 11 January 1946
People's Socialist Republic of Albania
People's_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania
King of Greece from 1964 to 1973
state in exile until the junta abolished the monarchy in June 1973, a decision ratified via a referendum in July, which was contested by Constantine.
Constantine_II_of_Greece
Albanian politician
the monarchy and participated in the 1997 referendum on the form of government, in which he supported re‑establishing a constitutional monarchy. Later
Guri_Durollari
Historic ruling class and landowners in Albania
The Albanian nobility was an ethnic Albanian elite hereditary ruling class in Albania, parts of the western Balkans and later in parts of the Ottoman
Albanian_nobility
King of Italy from 1900 to 1946
support for the monarchy against an ultimately successful referendum to abolish it. After the 1946 Italian institutional referendum established the Republic
Victor_Emmanuel_III
Form of government
pressured to call the 1946 Italian institutional referendum to decide whether Italy should remain a monarchy or become a republic. The supporters of the republic
Republic
Country in Southern Europe (1861–1946)
until 18 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June, resulting in the establishment
Kingdom_of_Italy
future of the Union Territory of Goa. 1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum on abolishing the monarchy was held in Sikkim on 14 April 1975. It was approved
Referendums_by_country
Ethnolinguistic group in Italy
variant of the Albanian language which derives from the Tosk Albanian spoken in central-southern Albania and Epirus. In Italy the Albanian Arbëresh language
Arbëreshë_people
Period of Greek statehood from 1832 to 1923 and 1935 to 1973
The monarchy was restored in 1935, after a referendum, and continued until its final abolition by the Regime of the Colonels in 1973. The referendum of
Kingdom_of_Greece
King of Greece (1922–1924; 1935–1947)
nationality. He remained in exile until the Greek monarchy was restored in 1935, following a rigged referendum, upon which he resumed his royal duties. The
George_II_of_Greece
Form of government
head of state being a ceremonial position, similar to constitutional monarchies. In some countries the head of state has reserve powers to use at their
Parliamentary_republic
Royal dynasty of Southern Europe and Eastern Africa
for a referendum to decide between retaining the monarchy or becoming a republic. On 9 May 1946, in a last-ditch attempt to save the monarchy, Victor
House_of_Savoy
Albanians: A Modern History, p77 Owen Pearson (2004) Albania and King Zog: Independence, Republic and Monarchy, 1908-1939, p244 Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver
1925 Albanian parliamentary election
1925_Albanian_parliamentary_election
Fourth legislature of the Albanian state (1925–1928), first of the Albanian Republic
Albania (Albanian: Legjislatura I e Republikës Shqiptare, "1st Legislature of the Albanian Republic") was the fourth legislative term of the Albanian
4th_Legislature_of_Albania
Period of Greek history, 1924 to 1935
constitutional monarchy (βασιλευομένη δημοκρατία, literally crowned republic) to republic (αβασίλευτη δημοκρατία, literally uncrowned republic), a referendum was
Second_Hellenic_Republic
Country in Southeast Europe
Vojisavljevics' Dynasty". montenet.org. Retrieved 29 May 2025. "Venita Albania". My Albanian studies. Retrieved 20 April 2025. "News ITALIA PRESS". 28 September
Montenegro
Historical method of government in Ireland
agreement that the question of a republic versus a monarchy would be settled by public referendum after independence was achieved provided that no member
Monarchy_of_Ireland
Ancient western Balkan kingdom
"The Early History of Albania" (PDF). Keeping an Eye on the Albanians: Selected Writings in the Field of Albanian Studies. Albanian Studies. Vol. 16.
Illyrian_kingdom
right to do so. The foreign minister of Cook Islands has stated that a referendum would be required to determine whether to join the UN. In 2025, Cook Islands
Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue
Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue
of the constituent states of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. However, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy dissolved into smaller sovereign states in 1918, without
List of modern sovereign states by date of formation
List_of_modern_sovereign_states_by_date_of_formation
Country within the United Kingdom
deadliest terrorist attack in the United Kingdom. Following a referendum on devolution proposals in 1997, the Scotland Act 1998 was passed by the British Parliament
Scotland
Military operation
totalled over 630,000 leks. The Albanian government also permitted them to establish a radio station. The state-controlled Albanian press and radio service also
Operation_Pyrsos
This is a list of countries by date of their last transition from a monarchy to a republican form of government. There were two periods in recent history
List of countries by date of transition to a republican system of government
List_of_countries_by_date_of_transition_to_a_republican_system_of_government
Country in Southeast Asia
several unequal treaties. The governance system evolved into an absolute monarchy centralised under the rule of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Siam adapted
Thailand
ISBN 9783110542431. The Albanian language is spoken natively by approximately 6 million speakers in south-eastern Europe, particularly in Albania and Kosovo where
Languages_of_Italy
From 1918, it was a part of Yugoslavia. On the basis of an independence referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June of that
History_of_Montenegro
1991–2001 series of wars in the Balkans
composed of a few hundred Albanian militants, attacked several police stations and wounded many police officers in 1996–1997. In February 1996 the KLA
Yugoslav_Wars
Period of constitutional monarchy in the Ottoman Empire (1908–1920)
being made to crush Albanian nationalism by banning Albanian newspapers and private schools. In March 1911, yet another Albanian revolt broke out, but
Second_Constitutional_Era
Proposals to admit a new state into the United States
there was a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. Kosovo (which is predominately Albanian) has been considered as a
51st_state
Cold War schism between communist states
hoped to admit neighbouring Albania to the Yugoslav federation. This fostered an atmosphere of insecurity within the Albanian political leadership and exacerbated
Tito–Stalin_split
Territory of Nazi Germany (1938–1945)
multi-ethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire, and with the abolition of the Habsburg monarchy, there were three major political groups competing with one another in
Austria_within_Nazi_Germany
independent Albanian state was declared. The formation of an Albanian national consciousness dates to the later 19th century with the creation of the Albanian National
History_of_the_Balkans
This is a timeline of Albanian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Albania and its predecessor states.
Timeline_of_Albanian_history
Emir/King of Bahrain since 1999
constitution officially changed Bahrain from an emirate to a constitutional monarchy. A legislative election was held for the first time in decades. His reign
Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa
Formal change to the text of the constitution of an entity
years have passed from its rejection by referendum. Article 177 is the only article under this part of the Albanian constitution. The Constitution of Austria
Constitutional_amendment
June 1946, when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state resulted from
History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861–1946)
Indo-European-speaking people of pre-Roman Apulia
pre-Roman era. Messapic is grouped in the same Indo-European branch with Albanian, titled Albanoid or Illyric. Hyllested & Joseph (2022), in agreement with
Iapygians
pour", or *derda in Proto-Albanian. A common Albanian toponym with the same root is Dardha, found in various parts of Albania, including Dardha in Berat
History_of_Kosovo
Filipinas, during the Iberian Union period. During the Constitutional Monarchy, the article 358 of the Penal Code of Portugal (1852) defined and prohibited
Abortion_in_Portugal
Form of democracy
aspects of democracy, both direct and indirect, from the era of Roman monarchy all the way to the collapse of the Roman Empire. While the Roman senate
Direct_democracy
Body of water between the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas
Peninsula and Sazan Island] (in Albanian). shqiperia.com. Retrieved 31 January 2012. (in Albanian) "The Annotated Ramsar List: Albania". Ramsar Convention. Archived
Adriatic_Sea
Fascist ideology as developed in Italy
unite people of Albanian descent into one state. The fascist regime endorsed Albanian irredentism, directed against the predominantly Albanian-populated Kosovo
Italian_fascism
Disputed Head of the House of Savoy from 1983 to 2024
exile, following the 1946 Italian constitutional referendum, which affirmed the abolition of the monarchy and the creation of the Italian Republic. On several
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
Vittorio_Emanuele,_Prince_of_Naples
"Canadian" as an ethnic identity
sovereignty movement several years before the 1995 Quebec independence referendum. Over one million respondents (two-thirds from Ontario) entered "Canadian"
Canadian_ethnicity
Québec libre speech (1967) October Crisis (1970) 1980 Quebec referendum 1995 Quebec referendum Unity Rally Sponsorship scandal (1996–2004) Québécois nation
List of Canadian census areas demographic extremes
List_of_Canadian_census_areas_demographic_extremes
History of governments with elected representatives
Constitution of 1864, constitutional monarchy, or, as it had been described, "crowned democracy", or "democratic monarchy", was consolidated as the form of
List_of_republics
Region of Italy
reference to a referendum) in November 2012, a referendum bill was proposed in April 2013. Plebiscite 2013 organised an online referendum, with no official
Veneto
Political movements opposing Franco's dictatorship
ANFD to accept the restoration of the monarchy without forming a provisional government and without a referendum on the form of government. The final failure
Opposition_to_Francoism
Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946 National Anthem Act (1980) Debate on the monarchy in Canada monarchism and republicanism Great Flag debate (1963–1964) Culture
List of ethnic interest groups in Canada
List_of_ethnic_interest_groups_in_Canada
Political party in Serbia
of the Serbian monarchy and wanted to organise a referendum on whether Serbia should remain a republic or become a parliamentary monarchy. They protested
Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia, 1989)
Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Serbia,_1989)
State in southeastern Europe from 1908 to 1946
executed on 1 February 1945. In September 1946, the monarchy was abolished by plebiscite. This referendum violated the Tarnovo Constitution, which stated
Kingdom_of_Bulgaria
1918–1992 country in Southeast Europe
the new constitution as conceding to Croat and ethnic Albanian nationalists. Ethnic Albanians in Kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as
Yugoslavia
(Spring) – The journey of an Albanian delegation headed by Abdyl Frashëri in major capital cities of Europe to protect the Albanian issues of territory. 1880
Timeline_of_Kosovo_history
Political party in Serbia
the Serbs. Alongside this, SNO also advocated for the restoration of the monarchy and de-Titoisation. A schism inside SNO occurred in March 1990. Jović began
Serbian_Renewal_Movement
held in the monarchies of Europe. The United Kingdom is the only monarchy in Europe that still practises coronations. Other European monarchies either have
Coronations_in_Europe
Unicameral legislature of Turkey
These include attempts at curbing absolute monarchy during the Ottoman Empire through constitutional monarchy, as well as establishments of caretaker national
Grand National Assembly of Turkey
Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey
Military junta of Ethiopia (1974–1987)
Military Administrative Council. In March 1975 the Derg abolished the monarchy and established Ethiopia as a communist state under a military-led provisional
Derg
Country in East Asia
stagnation referred to as the Lost Decades. Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature known as the National Diet. Widely considered
Japan
Orthodox communist party in Britain
Sino-Albanian relations, the CPE (ML) increasingly sided with Enver Hoxha, developed party-to-party relations with the Party of Labour of Albania, and
Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
Revolutionary_Communist_Party_of_Britain_(Marxist–Leninist)
1946–1949 civil war in Greece
other paramilitary groups, amnesty for only political offenses, a referendum on the monarchy and a general election to be held as soon as possible. The KKE
Greek_Civil_War
Period of Italian history (1922–1943)
1946 institutional referendum on whether Italy would remain a monarchy or become a republic. Italians decided to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian
Fascist_Italy
Overview of prospective state mergers
list. Arab Union Atlantic Union Balkan Federation Celtic union Composite monarchy Confederation Dynastic union 51st state#Canada Estonian–Finnish federation
List of proposed state mergers
List_of_proposed_state_mergers
1943–1945 provisional state in Southeast Europe
Axis powers. The agreement left the issue of whether the state would be a monarchy or a republic intentionally undecided until after the war had ended so
Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
revolution, the Ottoman Empire attempted constitutional monarchy, before reverting to an absolute monarchy under Abdul Hamid II, following the Great Eastern
Ottoman_Empire
1938 annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany
of 9 March 1938, Schuschnigg defiantly announced that there would be a referendum held on 13 March to decide between a possible union with Germany or the
Anschluss
Country in Oceania
would gain higher autonomy than other provinces, and an independence referendum would be held in the future. The 2002 election saw an uptick in violence
Papua_New_Guinea
Head of government
Socialist Republic Serbia and Montenegro Federal Republic 2006 independence referendum Geography Cities Extreme points Islands Lakes Mountains Protected areas
Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro
Prince Wied". The Albanians: a modern history. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 90. ISBN 1-86064-541-0. Retrieved January 11, 2011. Albanian became the official
List of short-lived states and dependencies
List_of_short-lived_states_and_dependencies
Maritime republic in Italy (697–1797)
mainland. Venetian expansion, however, led to the coalition of the Habsburg monarchy, Spain and France in the League of Cambrai, which in 1509 defeated the
Republic_of_Venice
Supreme law of Croatia
Croats and Serbs, proclaimed on the former territory of the Habsburg monarchy; the fact that the Croatian Parliament had never sanctioned the decision
Constitution_of_Croatia
1997 ALBANIAN-MONARCHY-REFERENDUM
1997 ALBANIAN-MONARCHY-REFERENDUM
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1997 ALBANIAN-MONARCHY-REFERENDUM
1997 ALBANIAN-MONARCHY-REFERENDUM
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1997 ALBANIAN-MONARCHY-REFERENDUM
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1997 ALBANIAN-MONARCHY-REFERENDUM