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Period of constitutional monarchy in the Ottoman Empire (1908–1920)
The Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Turkish: ایكنجی مشروطیت دورى; Turkish: İkinci Meşrutiyet Devri) was the period of restored parliamentary rule in
Second_Constitutional_Era
Period of constitutional monarchy in the Ottoman Empire (1876–1878)
The First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Turkish: مشروطيت; Turkish: Birinci Meşrutiyet Devri) was a period of constitutional monarchy in the Ottoman Empire
First_Constitutional_Era
1908 restoration of constitutional rule in the Ottoman Empire
an election. Thus began the Second Constitutional Era which lasted from 1908–1912 and also the Turkish Revolution, an era of political instability and
Young_Turk_Revolution
Lower house of the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
his reign. The Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire began shortly after Abdul Hamid II was forced to restore the constitutional monarchy after
Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)
Chamber_of_Deputies_(Ottoman_Empire)
Topics referred to by the same term
The Constitutional era of the Ottoman Empire may refer to: First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire) (1876-1878) Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)
Constitutional era of the Ottoman Empire
Constitutional_era_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
1908–1922 political event
against the absolute rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II to establish the Second Constitutional Era. On 24 July 1908, Abdul Hamid II capitulated and restored the
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Upper house of the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
between 1961 and 1980 Ottoman constitution of 1876 First Constitutional Era Second Constitutional Era Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual
Senate_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Turkish journalist, politician and writer (1867–1922)
He returned to Istanbul the day before the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy. After the 1908 Young Turk Revolution Kemal returned to
Ali_Kemal
1889–1919 Turkish political party
re-instate the 1876 Constitution, ushering in an era of political plurality. During the Second Constitutional Era, the CUP at first influenced politics from
Committee of Union and Progress
Committee_of_Union_and_Progress
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1876 to 1909
present throughout the empire, and many leading figures of the Second Constitutional Era and Ottoman successor states were arrested or exiled. School curricula
Abdul_Hamid_II
Ottoman political organization
for the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) during the Second Constitutional Era. One of its functions was collecting the CUP's share of the property
National Defense League (Ottoman Empire)
National_Defense_League_(Ottoman_Empire)
First constitution of the Ottoman Empire
to 1878 in a period known as the First Constitutional Era, and from 1908 to 1922 in the Second Constitutional Era. The first and only constitution of the
Constitution of the Ottoman Empire
Constitution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Secret society established in 1865
to the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and the beginning of the Second Constitutional Era. According to Niyazi Berkes, historically the term jeunes were
Young_Ottomans
[citation needed] While the Second Constitutional Era basically ended after 1912, new parties were founded during the Armistice Era and up until the end of
List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire
List_of_political_parties_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
Radical reforms that created the Turkish nation state
political pluralism and rule of law by the Young Turks during the Second Constitutional Era from 1908 to 1913, and various efforts made to secularize and
Atatürk's_reforms
Ethnolinguistic group in Ottoman Macedonia
imposed a temporary stop to all guerrilla actions in Macedonia. The Second Constitutional Era established shortly after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution led to
Slavic speakers in Ottoman Macedonia
Slavic_speakers_in_Ottoman_Macedonia
Sultan Abdul Hamid II's reign, from 1876 to 1909
recall the parliament, and schedule an election, beginning the Second Constitutional Era (c. 1908–1920). The reign of Abdülhamid II (1876–1909) is often
Hamidian_Period
Ottoman Empire's government, 1876–1920
The Young Turk Revolution in 1908 started the longer lasting Second Constitutional Era and forced Abdul Hamid to reinstate the constitution, recall the
Government of the late Ottoman Empire
Government_of_the_late_Ottoman_Empire
Ottoman women's magazine (1908)
in 1908 in Istanbul, two weeks after the proclamation of the Second Constitutional Era. Altogether, only seven issues exist, they were published once
Demet_(magazine)
Political reform movement in the Ottoman Empire
revolution, the Young Turks helped to inaugurate the Second Constitutional Era in the same year, ushering in an era of multi-party democracy for the first time
Young_Turks
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) began with the Second Constitutional Era, a moment of hope and promise established with the Young Turk
Ottoman_Empire
Peninsula of Turkey in Western Asia
Greek tribes, including the Ionians, the Dorians, and the Aeolians. In the era of classical antiquity (see Classical Anatolia), the Anatolian languages
Anatolia
c. 1656–1703 Ottoman period dominated by grand viziers of the Köprülü family
The Köprülü era (Turkish: Köprülüler Devri) (c. 1656–1703) was a period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were frequently dominated by a series of
Köprülü_era
Ottoman Empire reform period (1839–1876)
began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. Driven by reformist statesmen such as Mustafa Reşid Pasha
Tanzimat
Ottoman politician, Young Turk (1858–1930)
petitions to Sultan Abdul Hamid II where he outlined the benefits of a constitutional regime and its adherence to the Islamic principle of consultation. This
Ahmet_Rıza
Supreme law of the Republic of Turkey
Turkish constitutional referendum 2007 Turkish constitutional referendum 2010 Turkish constitutional referendum 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
Constitution_of_Turkey
Separation of religious matters and state affairs in Turkey
Tanzimat reforms of Ottoman Empire. The second peak in secularism occurred during the Second Constitutional Era. The current form was achieved by Atatürk's
Secularism_in_Turkey
Head of state and government
exercised by the prime minister of Turkey. However, constitutional amendments approved in the 2017 constitutional referendum abolished the office of prime minister
President_of_Turkey
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
the second term of the President. Elections for the Parliament and presidential elections are held on the same day. Judicial: The Constitutional Court
Turkey
Ottoman Cabinet in the Tanzimat Period
followed the reformation path his father set forth. During the First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1878), the Council submitted annual budgets
Council of Ministers (Ottoman Empire)
Council_of_Ministers_(Ottoman_Empire)
1861–1922 land warfare branch of the Ottoman Empire's military
as a decent force. The last reorganization occurred during the Second Constitutional Era. The uniforms of the modern army reflected the military uniforms
Ottoman_Army_(1861–1922)
National legislature
revived 30 years later, on 23 July 1908, with the Second Constitutional Era. The Second Constitutional Era ended on 11 April 1920, when the General Assembly
General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Unicameral legislature of Turkey
with the democratic reforms resulting in the First Constitutional Era. The Second Constitutional Era began on 23 July 1908 with the Young Turk Revolution
Grand National Assembly of Turkey
Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey
A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 25 September 1988. The proposed changes to the constitution would have led to the 1989 local elections
1988 Turkish constitutional referendum
1988_Turkish_constitutional_referendum
Founding ideology of the Turkish Republic
deposition of Abdul Hamid during the 31 March Incident. During the Second Constitutional Era personal rivalries with İsmail Enver and Ahmed Cemal meant that
Kemalism
Empire, following the Young Turk Revolution which established the Second Constitutional Era. They were the first elections contested by organised political
1908_Ottoman_general_election
Head of government of Turkey (1920–2018)
oversee the grand vizier. With the constitutional amendments that took place during the Second Constitutional Era, the grand vizier was made answerable
Prime_Minister_of_Turkey
Political party in Turkey
short-lived liberal political party in the Ottoman Empire during the Second Constitutional Era. It was founded by Prince Sabahaddin, Ahmet Samim, Suat Soyer
Liberty Party (Ottoman Empire)
Liberty_Party_(Ottoman_Empire)
realize some form of constitutional arrangement in 1876. After the short-lived attempt of turning the Empire into a constitutional monarchy, Sultan Abdülhamid
History of the Republic of Turkey
History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey
beginning of the Second Constitutional Era. Whereas the short First Constitutional Era lacked political parties,[citation needed] the second era initially featured
Liberalism_in_Turkey
reorganizations during this period. At the end of this period, with the Second Constitutional Era in 1908, Ottoman military became modernized and professionalized
Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire
Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Coup d'etat that took place in the Ottoman Empire in 1913
CUP since the 1908 Young Turk Revolution that had started the Second Constitutional Era. During the more than four years since, Kâmil Pasha had made a
1913_Ottoman_coup_d'état
Combined military forces of Turkey
the island's Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, resulting from the constitutional breakdown of 1963. Turkey invoked its role as a guarantor under the
Turkish_Armed_Forces
relocated in 1850 to Heybeliada for the last time. During the Second Constitutional Era, an upgraded education system was adopted in 1909 by the Royal
Military of the Ottoman Empire
Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Overview of elections held in the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman parliament, two in the First Constitutional Era (1877–1878), and five in the Second Constitutional Era (1908–1920). The Chamber of Deputies used
Elections in the Ottoman Empire
Elections_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
Largest city in Turkey
years later on 23 July 1908, which marked the beginning of the Second Constitutional Era. The civil strife and political uncertainties in the Ottoman Empire
Istanbul
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1920)
the Parliament itself on 5 April, thus putting an end to the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire. In terms of effective shaping of policies
Salih_Hulusi_Pasha
1909 political crisis in the Ottoman Empire
was an uprising in the Ottoman Empire in April 1909, during the Second Constitutional Era. The incident broke out during the night of 30–31 Mart 1325 in
31_March_incident
representative for the Committee of Union and Progress during the Second Constitutional Era. He served in the Chamber of Deputies from Izmir and was one of
Emmanouil_Emmanouilidis
Political party in Turkey
political party active between 1911–1913 and 1918–1919, during the Second Constitutional Era. It was the most significant opposition to Committee of Union
Freedom_and_Accord_Party
1932–1982 government language campaign
significant progress with Ahmet Mithat and reached its peak during the Second Constitutional Era with writers like Ömer Seyfettin and Mehmet Emin Yurdakul. The
Turkish_language_reform
a unitary state under a presidential representative democracy and a constitutional republic within a pluriform multi-party system. The term government
Government_of_Turkey
1923 and 1929. The second era's focus was on state accumulation in a period of global crises between 1929 and 1945. The third era focused on state-guided
Economy_of_Turkey
Adoption of a Turkic culture by a non-Turkic population
Though writers like Ernest Dawn have noted that the foundations of Second Constitutional Era "Arabism" predate 1908, the prevailing view still holds that Arab
Turkification
(1861–1922) was an Ottoman liberal politician and minister during the Second Constitutional Era. Kansu, Aykut (2021). The Revolution of 1908 in Turkey. Brill
Mustafa_Nail_Bey
Turkic language
vocabulary stems from native Turkic, with significant contributions from Ottoman-era Arabic, French, and Persian loanwords, as well as smaller contributions from
Turkish_language
Turkish politician
Nesib (1866–1917) was an Ottoman writer and educator during the Second Constitutional Era. He wrote for the Servet-i Fünun, a weekly newspaper in the Ottoman
Süleyman_Nesib
thus became the empire's last absolute ruler and its reluctant first constitutional monarch. Although Abdul Hamid II abolished the parliament and the constitution
List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Second-highest office in the executive branch of the Government of the Republic of Turkey
2023. The office of vice president was created with a referendum on constitutional amendments on 16 April 2017 and entered into force after the presidential
Vice_President_of_Turkey
Index of articles associated with the same name
Turkish coup d'état may refer to illegal or constitutional military takeovers or takeover attempts in Turkey. There have been several. From the founding
Turkish_coup_d'état
Review of Turkish and Ottoman Empire history
Subsequently, the constitution was revised in 1909 during the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire (1908–20). The Turkish Constitution of 1921
Constitutional history of Turkey
Constitutional_history_of_Turkey
economy that went into contraction from late 2016. After the April 2017 constitutional referendum, another sharp drop in tourist bookings from Germany was
Tourism_in_Turkey
army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification was rejected
Military_history_of_Turkey
Battles involving Armenian National movement
supported the Young Turk Revolution. With the revolution began the Second Constitutional Era, which proved difficult to reinstill Ottomanism among its subjects
Armenian_national_movement
Electoral law used by Ottoman Empire
remained the foundational legal document for elections during the Second Constitutional Era (1908–1920), when it was revived with modest amendments. The same
Ottoman_electoral_law
beneath Turkey's rise to greatness". the Guardian. "Dawn of a new Turkish era - Soccer - www.theage.com.au". Theage.com.au. 16 May 2004. "Turkish attendances"
Football_in_Turkey
Period in Ottoman history
The Tulip Period, or Tulip Era (Ottoman Turkish: لاله دورى, Turkish: Lâle Devri), is a period in Ottoman history from the Treaty of Passarowitz on 21
Tulip_Period
Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary (1872–1915)
the idea of unification of Macedonia with Bulgaria. During the Second Constitutional Era he became an Ottoman politician, collaborating with the Young
Yane_Sandanski
The architecture of Turkey includes heritage from the ancient era of Anatolia to the present day. Significant remains from the Greco-Roman period are
Architecture_of_Turkey
Interwar conflict in Turkey, 1919–1923
98% of the population. Following the chaotic politics of the Second Constitutional Era, the Ottoman Empire came under the control of the Committee of
Turkish_War_of_Independence
President of Turkey from 1973 to 1980
by the Greek officer-led Cypriot National Guard. Korutürk served the constitutional term of seven years until 6 April 1980. Kenan Evren said that he suggested
Fahri_Korutürk
Turkish supreme court
1983. On 8 November 2023 a constitutional crisis unfolded in Turkey between the Court of Cassation and the Constitutional Court when the Court of Cassation
Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)
Highest legal body for constitutional review in Turkey
The Constitutional Court of Turkey (Turkish: Anayasa Mahkemesi or AYM) is the highest legal body for constitutional review in Turkey. It "examines the
Constitutional Court of Turkey
Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey
29 October 1923 event in Ankara
republican ideology began with the Tanzimat era, Ottoman intellectuals deemed the establishment of constitutional monarchy sufficient, and there was no further
Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey
Proclamation_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey
Currency of Turkey
subdivided, where one kuruş was equal to 40 para. The current lira is the Second Turkish lira, having succeeded the first Turkish lira in 2005 which in turn
Turkish_lira
1909 massacres of Armenian, Assyrian, and Greek civilians by Ottoman Muslims
deposition of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and the restoration of the Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire) in 1908, a military revolt directed against the
Adana_massacre
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1910 to 1911
to Crete and the United States before the declaration of the Second Constitutional Era. In 1908, he served as the Minister of Education in the 7th Said
Ibrahim_Hakki_Pasha
to the marriage officer or the civil registry office. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that prohibiting married women from retaining only maiden
Turkish_name
approval by military regimes. The remaining five referendums concerned Constitutional reforms and legislative changes proposed by civilian governments in
Referendums_in_Turkey
Turkish land armed forces
Thursday, September 13, 2007 Unification of Culture and Tourism Ministries constitutional One soldier killed, three injured in terrorist attack Minister Cicek
Turkish_Land_Forces
and after the Tanzimat (1838), the First Constitutional Era (1876–1878), and the Second Constitutional Era (1908–1920) further brought the office of
List_of_Ottoman_grand_viziers
Historical Turkish principalities in Anatolia
highest sophistication during the Ottoman era. In spite of their limited sources and the political climate of their era, art during the Anatolian beyliks flourished
Anatolian_beyliks
Ottoman statesman and imperial administrator (1855–1922)
the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire around the time of the Second Constitutional Era. He was also one-time president of the Turkish Red Crescent, the
Hüseyin_Hilmi_Pasha
dubbing. Turkish cinema started to evolve in the 1960s. During the Yeşilçam era, Turkey was the world's 4th biggest producer of cinema. In terms of film
Cinema_of_Turkey
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1919 to 1920
Freemasonry lodge Obedience of Véritas. With the beginning of the Second Constitutional Era in the Ottoman Empire in 1908, he became War Minister in grand
Ali_Rıza_Pasha
Turkic ethnic group
islands of Rhodes and Kos. Schwartz, Herman (2002), The Struggle for Constitutional Justice in Post-Communist Europe, University of Chicago Press, p. 184
Turkish_people
Series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states
France, the only other existing permanent professional European army in the era. The Hungarian army destroyed the three times bigger attacker Ottoman and
Ottoman_wars_in_Europe
Overview of media in the Ottoman Empire
banned by authorities Cem/Djem – Satirical magazine during the Second Constitutional Era, edited by Cemil Cem, banned by authorities Cerîde-i Ticaret Güleryüz
Media_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Period in the history of the Republic of China (1916–1928)
The Warlord Era was the period in the history of the Republic of China between 1916 and 1928, when control of the country was divided between rival military
Warlord_Era
in Turkey is defined in Turkey's criminal law as crimes against the constitutional order and internal and external security of the state by the use of
Terrorism_in_Turkey
Assyrian history (911–609 BCE)
probably another son of Adad-nirari III. His accession ushered in a new era of Neo-Assyrian history. While the conquests of earlier kings were impressive
Neo-Assyrian_Empire
Turkish archaeologist (1861–1938)
conservative politician, archaeologist and writer during the Second Constitutional Era. He was the son of Ibrahim Edhem Pasha and brother of Osman Hamdi
Halil_Edhem_Eldem
Turkish politician (1884–1967)
before the Second Constitutional Era. He worked in the Nazaread Mekâtib-i Ecnebiyye (Ministry of Education). After the Second Constitutional Era, he started
Fazıl_Ahmet_Aykaç
asserts that the object was stolen in the 1960s from a heavily plundered Roman-era settlement in Turkey known as Bubon. Wells, Elizabeth (2023-07-05). "Turkey
Turkish_art
One of the four higher courts of Turkey
held by a member delegated by the Constitutional Court from among its own members. Decisions of the Constitutional Court shall take precedence in jurisdictional
Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
Court_of_Jurisdictional_Disputes
between 1923 and 1929. The second era's focus was state accumulation in a period of global crises between 1929 and 1945. The third era focused on state-guided
Economic_history_of_Turkey
A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 9 July 1961. Following the coup d'état the previous year, a new constitution was drawn up to replace
1961 Turkish constitutional referendum
1961_Turkish_constitutional_referendum
Ottoman Empire from 1453 to c. 1570
1481–1512) was one of consolidation after the rapid conquests of the previous era, and the empire's territory was expanded only marginally. In 1484 Bayezid
Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire
Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Ottoman statesman (1855–1914)
death, he settled in Büyükada. Following the proclamation of the Second Constitutional Era, he retired from public service, citing government pressure and
Mehmed_Şakir_Pasha
Capital of Turkey
center, out of 6 million residents in Ankara Province. Ankara is Turkey's second-largest city by population after Istanbul. Ankara was historically known
Ankara
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