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Rotation independent of any external reference
In physics, the concept of absolute rotation—rotation independent of any external reference—is a topic of debate about relativity, cosmology, and the nature
Absolute_rotation
Theoretical foundation of Newtonian mechanics
to absolute space by observing the bulging of its equator, and a solitary pair of spheres tied by a rope can be inferred to be in absolute rotation about
Absolute_space_and_time
Type of inertial force
mechanics about detection of absolute motion. Newton suggested two arguments to answer the question of whether absolute rotation can be detected: the rotating
Centrifugal_force
Movement of an object which leaves at least one point unchanged
Rotation, also known as rotational motion or rotary motion, is the movement of an object that leaves at least one point unchanged. In 2 dimensions, a plane
Rotation
Thought experiment in physics
reference to absolute space. Alternatively, these experiments provide an operational definition of what is meant by "absolute rotation", and do not pretend
Bucket_argument
Device to demonstrate Earth's rotation
researchers confirmed about 24 hours as the rotation period of the plane of oscillation. Absolute rotation – Rotation independent of any external reference
Foucault_pendulum
Optical property of chiral chemical compounds
In chemistry, specific rotation ([α]) is a property of a chiral chemical compound. It is defined as the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized
Specific_rotation
Rotation of Earth around its axis
Earth's rotation or Earth's spin is the rotation of planet Earth around its own axis, as well as changes in the orientation of the rotation axis in space
Earth's_rotation
Matrix representing a Euclidean rotation
In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a transformation matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example, using the convention
Rotation_matrix
reference to absolute space. Alternatively, these experiments provide an operational definition of what is meant by "absolute rotation", and do not pretend
Rotating_spheres
Fundamental concept of classical mechanics
space of the Milky Way is approximately Galilean or Minkowskian. Absolute rotation Diffeomorphism Galilean invariance General covariance Local reference
Inertial_frame_of_reference
Displacement measured angle-wise when a body is showing circular or rotational motion
greater (in absolute value) than a full turn if the rotation was. An angular interval defines the minimum and maximum angles of rotation admited; this
Angular_displacement
Rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light as it travels through a chiral material
Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about
Optical_rotation
Concept of absolute rotation
maintain a frame of reference. The proposition is that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames)
Mach's_principle
Electromechanical device
signals. There are two main types of rotary encoder: absolute and incremental. The output of an absolute encoder indicates the current shaft position, making
Rotary_encoder
Group of rotations in 3 dimensions
two rotations results in another rotation, every rotation has a unique inverse rotation, and the identity map satisfies the definition of a rotation. Owing
3D_rotation_group
Correspondence between quaternions and 3D rotations
and rotations of elements in three dimensional space (3D rotations). This is a generalization of the use of unit complex numbers for 2D rotations. Specifically
Quaternions and spatial rotation
Quaternions_and_spatial_rotation
Measure of temperature relative to absolute zero
temperature, also known as absolute temperature, is a physical quantity that measures temperature starting from absolute zero, the point at which particles
Thermodynamic_temperature
Obsolete postulated medium for the propagation of light
Sagnac effect due to Earth's rotation (see Aether drag hypothesis). Another completely different attempt to save "absolute" aether was made in the Lorentz–FitzGerald
Luminiferous_aether
Geometry problem of a coin rolling around another
shape is complex, the number of rotations added (or subtracted, if the coin rolls inside the curve) is the absolute value of its turning number.[citation
Coin_rotation_paradox
German professional wrestler
1996) is a German professional wrestler better known by his ring name The Rotation. He is currently working for the German promotion Westside Xtreme Wrestling
The_Rotation
Chemical notation for the handedness of a chiral molecule or group
same absolute configuration. If a reaction gave the enantiomer of a known configuration, as indicated by the opposite sign of optical rotation, it would
Absolute_configuration
Measure of the luminosity of celestial objects
weeks depending on their rotation period, by up to 2 mag {\displaystyle 2{\text{ mag}}} or more. In addition, their absolute magnitude can vary with the
Absolute_magnitude
Type of algorithm
Wolfgang Kabsch and Shinji Umeyama, is a method for calculating the optimal rotation matrix that minimizes the RMSD (root mean squared deviation) between two
Kabsch_algorithm
the same rotation as the bucket, it becomes parabolic. Newton took this change as evidence that one could detect rotation relative to "absolute space" experimentally
History of centrifugal and centripetal forces
History_of_centrifugal_and_centripetal_forces
Physical quantity of hot and cold
one of the seven base units in the International System of Units (SI). Absolute zero, i.e., zero kelvin, 0 K = −273.15 °C, or -459.67 °F, is the lowest
Temperature
Brightest star in the constellation Auriga
The rotational period of each star can be measured by observing periodic variations in the doppler shifts of their spectral lines. The absolute rotational
Capella
Type of neutron star with beams of radiation
appearance of emission. Neutron stars are very dense and have short, regular rotational periods. This produces a very precise interval between pulses that ranges
Pulsar
Relativistic effect due to rotation
{\displaystyle \Delta \phi .} The rotation thus measured is an absolute rotation, that is, the platform's rotation with respect to an inertial reference
Sagnac_effect
Concept in classical mechanics
animation below. The rotating wave approximation may also be used. Absolute rotation Co-rotating frame of reference Centrifugal force (rotating reference
Rotating_reference_frame
Pseudovector field describing the local rotation of a continuum near some point
called cyclonic rotation, and negative vorticity is anticyclonic rotation; the nomenclature is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere. The absolute vorticity is
Vorticity
In numerical linear algebra, a Jacobi rotation is a rotation, Qkℓ, of a 2-dimensional linear subspace of an n-dimensional inner product space, chosen to
Jacobi_rotation
of sound. Mach's principle The proposition that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames)
Glossary_of_physics
Special orthogonal group
after the rotation. Four-dimensional rotations are of two types: simple rotations and double rotations. A simple rotation R about a rotation centre O leaves
Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space
Rotations_in_4-dimensional_Euclidean_space
Sixth planet from the Sun
multiple rotation periods have been assigned to various regions (as in Jupiter's case). Astronomers use three different systems for specifying the rotation rate
Saturn
Type of computer mouse
A rotational mouse is a type of computer mouse which attempts to expand traditional mouse functionality. The objective of rotational mice is to facilitate
Rotational_mouse
Mathematical concept
orthogonal matrices. These matrices all have a determinant whose absolute value is unity. Rotation matrices have a determinant of + 1 {\displaystyle +1} , and
Rotations and reflections in two dimensions
Rotations_and_reflections_in_two_dimensions
Geometry without the parallel postulate
Wilson and Gilbert N. Lewis then proceed beyond absolute geometry when they introduce hyperbolic rotation as the transformation relating two frames of reference
Absolute_geometry
Third planet from the Sun
tides, and gradually slows Earth's rotation. Likewise, Earth's gravitational pull has already made the Moon's rotation tidally locked, keeping the same
Earth
2008 studio album by Cute Is What We Aim For
Rotation is the second and final studio album by American pop punk band Cute Is What We Aim For, released on June 24, 2008. Cute Is What We Aim For released
Rotation (Cute Is What We Aim For album)
Rotation_(Cute_Is_What_We_Aim_For_album)
Pressure measurement device
A Knudsen absolute manometer is an instrument to measure absolute pressures. Named after Martin Knudsen. Pressure is determined by the interaction of
Knudsen_absolute_manometer
Diagram of the component velocities of a turbomachine's working fluid
and the direction of blade rotation U. β = relative angle is an angle made by relative velocity and direction of blade rotation. Venkanna, B.K. (2011). Fundamentals
Velocity_triangle
Mathematical descriptions of a rotation group
correspond to a rotation angle of 180 degrees. Continuing southward, the radii of the circles now become smaller (corresponding to the absolute value of the
Charts_on_SO(3)
In meteorology, absolute angular momentum is the angular momentum in an 'absolute' coordinate system (absolute time and space). Angular momentum L equates
Absolute_angular_momentum
Angular motion of a star about its axis
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the
Stellar_rotation
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
a wavelength region where the light is absorbed, the absolute magnitude of the optical rotation at first varies rapidly with wavelength, crosses zero
Cotton_effect
Small asteroid
across and absolute magnitude 29.34 mag, it is thought to be the third smallest asteroid observed over multiple years, after 2021 GM1 with absolute magnitude
2015_TC25
Video game series
released 10 years earlier. It uses a modified version of that game's rotation system, the same color scheme for tetrominoes, and relies heavily on mechanics
Tetris:_The_Grand_Master
Form of coalition government
A rotation government or alternation government is a form of coalition government in which the top office (usually Prime Minister or the equivalent) rotates
Rotation_government
Rapidly rotating main-belt asteroid
shortest known rotation period of any asteroid with a diameter larger than 0.5 km (0.31 mi) as of 2026[update], completing one rotation approximately every
2025_MN45
Eighth planet from the Sun
opposite the planet's rotation. The general pattern of winds showed prograde rotation at high latitudes vs. retrograde rotation at lower latitudes. The
Neptune
Seventh planet from the Sun
System's planets. It has a marked axial tilt of 82.23°, with a retrograde rotation period of 17 hours and 14 minutes. This means that in an 84-Earth-year
Uranus
Asteroid
observations since the 1990s. Analysis of the lightcurves gave a consolidated rotation period of 9.196 hours with a brightness variation between of 0.25 and 0
1508_Kemi
Background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt
Observatory (E14) in Ngunnawal, Australia. The lightcurve gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.085 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.18 in magnitude
13070_Seanconnery
Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation
inertia, angular/rotational mass, second moment of mass, or rotational inertia) is a measure of how difficult it is to change the rotation rate of a rigid
Moment_of_inertia
Spectroscopy of quantized rotational states of gases
Rotational spectroscopy is concerned with the measurement of the energies of transitions between quantized rotational states of molecules in the gas phase
Rotational_spectroscopy
Asteroid
and calculates a diameter of 7.5 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.8. Several rotational lightcurves of Starr were obtained from photometric
4150_Starr
Galaxy containing the Solar System
had been the first evidence of the rotation of the Milky Way, which ultimately led to the finding of galactic rotation by Bertil Lindblad and Jan Oort.
Milky_Way
Algorithm for computing trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic and exponential functions
CORDIC, short for coordinate rotation digital computer, is a simple and efficient algorithm to calculate trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions
CORDIC
Main-belt asteroid
asteroids of 0.57 and calculates a diameter of 12.29 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 13.28, while according to preliminary data from the NEOWISE
2093_Genichesk
Near-Earth asteroid
Pravec, Stefano Sposetti and Raoul Behrend. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 0.0504 hours (3.02 minutes) with a brightness amplitude of 1
2004_FH
Abrikosov vortex Absolute angular momentum Absolute dating Absolute horizon Absolute magnitude Absolute rotation Absolute theory Absolute threshold of hearing
Index_of_physics_articles_(A)
Outer moon of Jupiter
of rotation was being viewed head-on, or it simply had too long of a rotation period to detect. Later observations in 2020 found a possible rotation period
Elara_(moon)
Conserved physical quantity; rotational analogue of linear momentum
Angular momentum (sometimes called moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational analog of linear momentum. It is an important physical quantity
Angular_momentum
Main-belt asteroid
by astronomer Horácio Correia. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 4.68138 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.46 magnitude (U=3)
2939_Coconino
to the center of the tube. By measuring the rotational speed and the distance from the center of rotation to the liquid level in the bent ends of the
Z-tube
Main-belt asteroid
diameter of 4.6 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.82. In January 2011, and September 2013, two rotational lightcurves of Alexisrodrz were obtained
17119_Alexisrodrz
Rare-type Mars-crossing asteroid
Carbognani at the OAVdA Observatory (B04) in Italy. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of at least 16 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 magnitude
1198_Atlantis
Largest dwarf planet in the Solar System
and Neptune) play a role in the creation of the superresonance. Pluto's rotation period, its day, is equal to 6.387 Earth days. Like Uranus and 2 Pallas
Pluto
Large plutino
elongated shape that is believed to be distorted by its rapid 6.8-hour rotation. Its diameter is estimated to be roughly 940 km (580 mi) across its equator
208996_Achlys
Main-belt asteroid
Palomar Transient Factory in September 2010. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.1124 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 magnitude (U=2)
17163_Vasifedoseev
Stony main-belt asteroid
by Australian amateur astronomer David Higgins. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 2.478 hours with a brightness variation of 0.11 in magnitude
1800_Aguilar
is absolutely irreducible. The representation of the circle group by rotations in the plane is irreducible (over the field of real numbers), but is not
Absolute_irreducibility
Moon of Pluto
tilt and rotation period vary greatly over short timescales. Due to the chaotic rotation of Nix, it can occasionally flip its entire rotational axis. The
Nix_(moon)
Moon of Neptune
that of the active and inactive periods. The rotation period was similarly in dispute. In 1991, a rotation period of Nereid of about 13.6 hours was determined
Nereid_(moon)
Type of group in mathematics
of determinant 1. This group is also called the rotation group, since its elements are the rotations around the origin. In low dimension, these groups
Orthogonal_group
Mechanics concept
Rotational diffusion is the rotational movement which acts upon any object such as particles, molecules, atoms when present in a fluid, by random changes
Rotational_diffusion
Mars-crossing asteroid
with a rotation period 4.9951±0.0001 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.74±0.02 mag. Quality Code of 3. Observation in the R-band. Absolute magnitude
3402_Wisdom
Number property of being positive or negative
such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in § Other meanings
Sign_(mathematics)
as the zero point reference must be used, giving pressure reading as an absolute pressure. Other methods of pressure measurement involve sensors that can
Pressure_measurement
Main-belt asteroid
calculates a diameter of 2.5 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 15.34. In October 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Alainmilsztajn was obtained from
24988_Alainmilsztajn
First planet from the Sun
have occurred if Mercury had been in synchronous rotation: the alternating gain and loss of rotation over a revolution would have caused a libration of
Mercury_(planet)
Type of physical quantity
g. a proper rotation) but additionally changes sign under an orientation-reversing coordinate transformation (e.g., an improper rotation), which is a
Pseudotensor
Family of linear transformations
transformation is a linear transformation. It may include a rotation of space; a rotation-free Lorentz transformation is called a Lorentz boost. In Minkowski
Lorentz_transformation
Large main-belt asteroid
by the IAU. The other 7 features are labeled A through G. Iris has a rotational period of 7.14 hours. Iris's north pole points towards the ecliptic coordinates
7_Iris
Mars-crossing olivine asteroid
Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.2974 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 in magnitude
1951_Lick
indicate the absolute position of the object (its location) or its relative position (displacement) in terms of linear travel, rotational angle or three-dimensional
Position_sensor
Measurement of the strength of a gravitational field
comparing instrument readings taken at locations with known absolute values of gravity. Absolute gravimeters provide such measurements by determining the
Gravimetry
Trans-Neptunian object (TNO)
attributed to the presence of methanol and tholins. It has a poorly defined rotation period of 6.8 hours and measures approximately 250 kilometers (160 miles)
(55638)_2002_VE95
Main belt asteroid target of the Lucy mission
52.67 hours. Dinkinesh's rotation does not cause this light curve period; rather, it is caused by the tidally locked rotation of Selam, whose elongated
152830_Dinkinesh
Moon of Saturn
of Saturn. It is distinguished by its highly irregular shape, chaotic rotation, low density, and unusual sponge-like appearance. It was the first non-rounded
Hyperion_(moon)
Main-belt asteroid
cross-section of 251 km × 160 km. Pales has been studied by radar. It has a rotation period of 20.705±0.002 h and a lightcurve with an amplitude of 0.18 mag
49_Pales
Fifth planet from the Sun
giant storm that has been recorded since 1831. Because of Jupiter's rapid rotation rate, one turn in ten hours, the shape of the planet is an oblate spheroid;
Jupiter
Binary star system in the constellation Reticulum
protostellar cloud, or else the star underwent rotational mixing brought on by a period of rapid rotation during the star's youth. Both stars were considered
Zeta_Reticuli
Risk-listed near-Earth asteroid
has a rotation period near 19.5 minutes. Observations by the Gemini South telescope from February 2025 found similar results for 2024 YR4's rotation period
2024_YR4
Stony main-belt asteroid
6207). Pravec (2011) web: rotation period 7.5209±0.0002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.13 magnitude and an absolute magnitude of 13.31 (see lightcurve
1979_Sakharov
Asteroid
Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a short rotation period of 2.6723 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11 magnitude (U=3-)
10988_Feinstein
Main-belt asteroid
astronomer René Roy. The fragmentary lightcurve gave a longer-than average rotation period of 10 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.20 in magnitude (U=1)
6025_Naotosato
Topics referred to by the same term
perceived frequency of sound including "definite pitch" and "indefinite pitch" Absolute pitch or "perfect pitch" Pitch class, a set of all pitches that are a whole
Pitch
Main-belt asteroid
Frederick Pilcher, Raoul Behrend and Petr Pravec. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 139.1 hours with a brightness variation of 0.6 magnitude (U=3/3)
1473_Ounas
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ABSOLUTE ROTATION
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ABSOLUTE ROTATION
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