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Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire
Achaemenid Arabia 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹, Arabāya Arabia (Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹, Arabāya) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire. Achaemenid
Achaemenid_Arabia
Peninsula in West Asia
BC) Midian Achaemenid Arabia Ancient history of Yemen Arabian Gulf Cup Arab League Arab world Eastern Arabia European exploration of Arabia Gulf Cooperation
Arabian_Peninsula
Province of the Achaemenid Empire
constituted a part of Eber-Nari and was bounded by Idumaea (now part of Achaemenid Arabia) to the south, lying along the frontier of the two districts. Spanning
Yehud_(Persian_province)
Roman province (106–630s)
Arabia Petraea (lit. 'Rocky Arabia') was a Roman province from the 2nd century to the 7th century that was situated mostly in what is now Jordan. The province
Arabia_Petraea
Place mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and Quran
modern-day Saudi Arabia, mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and Quran. William G. Dever states that biblical Midian was in the "northwest Arabian Peninsula, on
Midian
Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC
The Achaemenid Empire (/əˈkiː.mə.nɪd/, ə-KEE-mə-nid; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' or 'The Kingdom') was an ancient Iranian empire founded
Achaemenid_Empire
Human history in the Arabian Peninsula before 610 CE
2nd century CE. Achaemenid Arabia corresponded to the lands between Nile Delta (Egypt) and Mesopotamia, later known to Romans as Arabia Petraea. According
Pre-Islamic_Arabia
Belief in a single god in Arabia before Islam
Monotheists in pre-Islamic Arabia included followers of Christianity, Judaism, and other populations unaffiliated with either one of the two major Abrahamic
Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia
Monotheism_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Former kingdom in ancient Yemen
expense of the other South Arabian kingdoms and, by the late third century CE, had established its supremacy over most of South Arabia, its rulers subsequently
Himyar
Language in classical antiquity
2017-06-20. Nehmé, Laïla (2020). "The religious landscape of Northwest Arabia as reflected in the Nabataean, Nabataeo-Arabic, and pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions"
Nabataean_Arabic
Tribal confederation in pre-Islamic Arabia
ancient tribe or tribal confederation in pre-Islamic Arabia that occupied the northwestern Arabian Peninsula. They are attested in contemporaneous Mesopotamian
Thamud
Polity in Africa and Arabia before 960
or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom in the Horn of Africa and South Arabia from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, based in what is now Eritrea
Kingdom_of_Aksum
Governorate of Medina Region, Saudi Arabia
romanized: al-ʿUlā), officially AlUla, is an ancient Arabian oasis city and governorate located in Medina Province, Saudi Arabia, 350 kilometres (220 miles) northwest
Al-Ula
Writing script
a pre-Islamic script used to write Arabic in the period of late antique Arabia. Used between the fifth and seventh centuries, it evolved out of the Nabataeo-Arabic
Paleo-Arabic
Ancient Yemeni kingdom
romanized: ḥḍrmwt) was an ancient South Semitic-speaking kingdom of South Arabia (ancient Yemen) which existed from the early 1st millennium BCE till the
Kingdom_of_Hadhramaut
Period of Arabia before documented history
Prehistoric Arabia, or the prehistory of Arabia, refers to the era of the Arabian Peninsula that predates the start of recorded history in the region
Prehistoric_Arabia
Sasanian political, military, and commercial involvement in Arabia
a long history of a Persian presence in Arabia, going back to Achaemenid Arabia. Sasanian authority in Arabia was concentrated in the east and the south
Sasanian_Arabia
Ancient Yemeni kingdom
in South Arabia that existed from the early 1st millennium BCE to the late 1st or 2nd centuries CE. It was one of the six ancient South Arabian kingdoms
Qataban
Arabic poetry composed between 540 and 620 AD
the pre-Islamic period), was composed in Arabia roughly between 540 and 620 AD, the period of late antique Arabia. This poetry largely originated in the
Pre-Islamic_Arabic_poetry
Historical region of Arabia
short-lived. Achaemenid Arabia Falaj Musandam Peninsula Ras al Hadd Ras al-Jinz Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary
Eastern_Arabia
Economy of Arabia before Islam
is attested archaeologically in eastern and northwestern Arabia. Cotton remains from Achaemenid-period Qal'at al-Bahrain and from Hegra in the early first
Economy_of_pre-Islamic_Arabia
The most common language in the Arabian Peninsula today is Arabic. In pre-Islamic Arabia, linguistic diversity was more common, as attested by tens of
Languages of pre-Islamic Arabia
Languages_of_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Topics referred to by the same term
largest country in the Arabian Peninsula Latin and Achaemenid terms for parts of Arabia: Arabia Deserta, the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula in modern-day
Arabia_(disambiguation)
Extinct Old South Arabian language
Ḥaḍramic was the easternmost of the four known languages of the Old South Arabian subgroup of the Semitic languages. It was used in the Kingdom of Hadhramaut
Hadramautic_language
Pre-Islamic inscriptions
Pre-Islamic Arabian inscriptions are inscriptions from the Arabian Peninsula from before Islam. These inscriptions document all the known pre-Islamic Arabian languages
Pre-Islamic Arabian inscriptions
Pre-Islamic_Arabian_inscriptions
Ancient Arabian polity
north and central Arabia by the Hujrid dynasty (in Arabic tradition, called the Banu Akil al-Murar), a family of the South Arabian tribe of Kinda, in
Kingdom_of_Kinda
Ancient South Arabian kingdom
Sheba, or Saba, was an ancient South Arabian kingdom that existed in Yemen before 275 CE. It likely began its existence between c. 1000 BCE and c. 800
Sheba
Ancient Persian conquest in the Indian subcontinent
campaign to absorb parts of northwestern South Asia into his nascent Achaemenid Empire. In this initial incursion, the Persian army annexed a large region
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
Achaemenid_conquest_of_the_Indus_Valley
History of Arabia from the third to seventh centuries CE
Arabia in late antiquity refers to the history of the Arabian Peninsula and its northern desert frontiers between roughly the third and seventh centuries
Arabia_in_late_antiquity
Ancient South Arabian kingdom
romanized: ʾwsn; Arabic: أوسان, romanized: ʾAwsān), was a kingdom in Ancient South Arabia, centered around a wadi called the Wadi Markha. The wadi remains archaeologically
Awsan
Military activity in Arabia before Islam
Warfare in pre-Islamic Arabia refers to war and conflict in pre-Islamic Arabia, including both on the Arabian Peninsula, and the Arab world more generally
Warfare_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Historical Eastern Christian community in southern Arabia
the most notable community of Christians in pre-Islamic Arabia, rising in the period of Arabia in late antiquity. Christianity appears to have spread into
Christian_community_of_Najran
Archaeological site in northwest Saudi Arabia
in the area of Al-'Ula within Medina Province in the Hejaz region, Saudi Arabia. A majority of the remains date from the time of the Nabataean Kingdom,
Hegra
Arab monarchy (c. 268–602)
Arab kingdom that ruled parts of Southern Mesopotamia and northeastern Arabia from the late 3rd century until 602 CE. Governed by the Nasrid dynasty of
Lakhmid_kingdom
Christian Arab tribe
in the Levant, Genealogies trace their ancestry back to the Azd tribe of Arabia. They became clients of the Roman Empire, serving as foederati responsible
Ghassanids
700s–100s BC northern Arab tribal confederation
North Arabia, including the Qedarites, as well as the desert routes going into Mesopotamia from these regions, became part of his Persian Achaemenid Empire
Qedarites
Ancient Arab tribal grouping
مَعَدّ) was an evolving term originally referring to the Bedouins of central Arabia during the pre-Islamic period (pre-7th century). During the early Islamic
Ma'add
including the battles and wars, that characterized pre-Islamic Arabia. Pre-Islamic Arabian warfare was organized around the tribal structure of most of
List of wars and battles in pre-Islamic Arabia
List_of_wars_and_battles_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
The writing systems of pre-Islamic Arabia comprise a diverse group of scripts used across the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent regions prior to the rise
Writing systems of pre-Islamic Arabia
Writing_systems_of_pre-Islamic_Arabia
number of distinctive eras of ancient settlement including the Stone Age Arabian Bifacial and Ubaid cultures from 5,000 to 3,100 BCE; the Hafit period with
Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
Archaeology_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates
Ancient Semitic language of Yemen
Qatabānic), one of the four better-documented languages of the Old South Arabian (or "Ṣayhadic") sub-group of South Semitic, was spoken mainly but not exclusively
Qatabānian_language
Arabian archaeology, or the archaeology of the Arabian Peninsula, is the study of past societies on the Arabian Peninsula through surviving artefacts
Archaeology of the Arabian Peninsula
Archaeology_of_the_Arabian_Peninsula
Ancient Yemeni kingdom
(Minaean: 𐩣𐩲𐩬; Arabic: معين, romanized: Maʿīn) was an ancient South Arabian kingdom in modern-day Yemen. It was located along the strip of desert called
Ma'in
Literary genre about pre-Islamic Arabian war
al-ʿArab) is a genre of legendary narratives about warfare in pre-Islamic Arabia. The genre represents the oldest extant Arabic narratives. A few of the
Days_of_the_Arabs
Mediterranean sea in West Asia
Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a mediterranean sea in West Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Arabian Sea and the larger Indian
Persian_Gulf
Emirati period from 4000 to 3200 BCE
name is derived from the abandonment of the west coast of Southeastern Arabia at the time due to harsh aridity and desertification, a period in which
Dark Millennium (United Arab Emirates)
Dark_Millennium_(United_Arab_Emirates)
The present-day Sultanate of Oman lies in the south-eastern Arabian Peninsula. There are different definitions for Oman: traditional Oman includes the
Archaeology_of_Oman
sites in the Eastern Arabia and the structure bears resemblance to the excavated Jubail Church in Jubail, eastern Saudi Arabia. An excavation carried
Archaeology_of_Qatar
Ethiopia. It is one of the most famous cases of warfare in pre-Islamic Arabia. In Najran during the Reign of Himyarite King, Dhu Nuwas, The Himyarite
Siege_of_Najran_(523–525)
Prehistoric Arabian culture
advanced Neolithic culture of Prehistoric Arabia, whose epicenter lay in modern-day southwestern Najd in Saudi Arabia. Al-Magar is possibly one of the first
Al-Magar
Tribal Arab confederation in pre-islamic Syria
dwelling within the Limes Arabicus (Byzantine frontier with the Syrian and Arabian deserts) and protecting the frontier from Bedouin raiders. They were ardent
Salihids
Valley north of Medina in Saudi Arabia
وادي القرى, lit. 'Valley of Villages') is a wadi north of Medina in Saudi Arabia, mentioned in early Islamic sources. It was located on the main trade road
Wadi_al-Qura
Period in ancient Egyptian history ( 664 BCE–332 BCE)
the 26th Saite Dynasty founded by Psamtik I, but includes the time of Achaemenid rule over Egypt after the conquest by Cambyses II in 525 BC. The Late
Late_Period_of_Egypt
Province of the Sasanian Empire
(also spelled Mazon) was a late antique name for Oman and southeastern Arabia. Middle Persian and Syriac sources use the name for a region extending approximately
Mazun_(historical_region)
Historical region in Eastern Arabia
northeastern Arabia and the Persian Gulf, and was a major site for the history of Christianity in Eastern Arabia and pre-Islamic Arabian Christianity
Beth_Qatraye
Herodotus divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts for the purpose of tribute payments. The following is a description of the ethnic makeup of the
Taxation districts of the Achaemenid Empire
Taxation_districts_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire
Ancient language
Neo-Assyrian Empire and its successor states, the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Achaemenid Empire, also adding to that some later (Post-Imperial) uses that persisted
Imperial_Aramaic
century BCE against the surrounding South Arabian kingdoms. These conquests politically unified South Arabia for the first time, bringing about a period
Conquests_of_Karib'il_Watar
5th–1st BC Nort Arabian kingdom in Western Saudi Arabia
allusion to a Qedarite rule over Dadān and elsewhere in northern Arabia as agents of the Achaemenid administration in the region. Winnett identified Gashm b.
Lihyan
Archaeological site in Saudi Arabia
Kilwa (Arabic: كيلوة) is an Arabian archaeological site in the Tabuk Province of Saudi Arabia, located 272 km northwest of the city of Tabuk, at the King
Kilwa_(Saudi_Arabia)
Founder of the Achaemenid Empire
as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Hailing from Persis, he brought the Achaemenid dynasty to power by defeating the Median Empire
Cyrus_the_Great
Biblical figure (Book of Nehemiah)
joined the Samaritans and accused Nehemiah of conspiracy against the Achaemenid emperor. Three sources possibly refer to the Geshem who opposed Nehemiah
Geshem_the_Arabian
Sabaic inscription in Yemen
YM 1200 is one of the pre-Islamic Arabian inscriptions discovered in South Arabia, now housed within the National Museum of Yemen. This inscription is
YM_1200
Script used to write the Aramaic language
Imperial Aramaic or Achaemenid Aramaic, can be assumed to have greatly contributed to the astonishing success of the Achaemenid Persians in holding their
Aramaic_alphabet
Earliest stage of the Aramaic language
However, a post-Achaemenid Aramaic continued to flourish from Judea, Assyria, Mesopotamia, through the Syrian Desert and into northern Arabia and Parthia
Old_Aramaic
Marginal sea of the northern Indian Ocean
Arabian Sea (Arabic: بَحرُ ٱلْعَرَبْ, romanized: baḥr al-ʿarab) is a region of sea in the northern Indian Ocean, bounded on the west by the Arabian Peninsula
Arabian_Sea
Ancient Persian military campaign (525 BC)
The first Achaemenid conquest of Egypt took place in 525 BCE and saw to the foundation of the Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the "First
First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
First_Achaemenid_conquest_of_Egypt
Semitic language
empires—particularly the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire, and Achaemenid Empire—and as a language of divine worship and religious study within
Aramaic
Collection of Middle Eastern folk tales
in English as The Arabian Nights, from the first English-language edition (c. 1706–1721), which rendered the title as The Arabian Nights' Entertainments
One_Thousand_and_One_Nights
CIH 6, also known as RES 2637C, is a pre-Islamic Arabian inscription from South Arabia. It dates back to the 5th century CE, and commemorates the completion
CIH_6
525 BC battle between Egypt and Achaemenid Empire
The Battle of Pelusium was the first major battle between the Achaemenid Empire and Egypt. This decisive battle transferred the throne of the Pharaohs
Battle_of_Pelusium
Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire
Empire and then by the Achaemenid Empire. During the Greek conquest of Persia, Eber-Nari was, like the rest of the Achaemenid Empire, annexed by the Macedonian
Eber-Nari
Ethnic group
north of the Arabian Peninsula just before the first Achaemenid conquest of Egypt. Other Greek and Latin authors who wrote about Arabia include Theophrastus
Arabs
Ancient inscription on Darius I's tomb in Iran
(abbreviation for Darius Naqsh-e Rostam inscription "a") is a famous Achaemenid royal inscription located in Naqsh-e Rostam, Iran. It dates to c. 490
DNa_inscription
525–404 BC Achaemenid province (satrapy)
Achaemenid Empire between 525 and 404 BC. It was founded by Cambyses II, the King of Persia, after the Battle of Pelusium (525 BC) and the Achaemenid
Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt
State subordinate to another state
original on 2021-05-09. Retrieved 2021-05-17. Dandamayev, Muhammad. "Arabia i. The Achaemenid Province Arabāya". Encyclopedia Iranica. Archived from the original
Vassal_state
Conflicts of Alexander the Great (336–325 BC)
military campaigns from 336 to 323 BC. They began with his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire, which was ruled by Darius III. After a series of victories over
Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great
Residents of the ancient Near East until the end of antiquity
East and North Africa, including the Levant, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula and Carthage from the 3rd millennium BC until the end of antiquity
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples
King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC
Gaugamela, the power of the Achaemenid Empire was broken. He subsequently overthrew Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety. After
Alexander_the_Great
Ancient necropolis in Fars province, Iran
the mountain and the mountain contains the final resting place of four Achaemenid kings, notably king Darius the Great and his son, Xerxes. This site is
Naqsh-e_Rostam
Conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire by the Achaemenid Empire
The fall of Babylon occurred in 539 BCE, when the Achaemenid Empire conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The success of the Persian campaign, led by Cyrus
Fall_of_Babylon
Iranian island in Persian Gulf
as far back as the 7th century. There are also tombs, temples, and the Achaemenid inscription of cuneiform writing dating from between 550 and 330 BCE.
Kharg_Island
Region within the Achaemenid Empire
Achaemenid Ionia (c. 546 – 479 BC and 387–334 BC) 𐎹𐎢𐎴, Yaunā Ionia, known in Old Persian as Yauna (𐎹𐎢𐎴), was a region within the satrapy of Lydia
Ionia_(satrapy)
Ancient Amorite-Akkadian state in Mesopotamia
was in the sixth year of Nabonidus (549 BC) that Cyrus the Great, the Achaemenid Persian "king of Anshan" in Elam, revolted against his suzerain Astyages
Babylonia
American historian and archeologist (born 1939)
1979 (“Medism: Greek Collaboration with Achaemenid Persia”). He later authored the book Rome and the Arabian Frontier: From the Nabataeans to the Saracens
David_Frank_Graf
343–332 BC Achaemenid province (satrapy)
known as the Second Egyptian Satrapy, was effectively a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire between 343 BC to 332 BC. It was founded by Artaxerxes III, the
Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt
Deioces of the Median dynasty (c. 727–550 BC) or Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty (550–330 BC). The last Iranian monarch was Mohammad Reza Shah
List_of_monarchs_of_Iran
Iranian empire (247 BC – 224 AD)
claiming the inheritance of the Achaemenid Empire; indeed, they accepted many local kings as vassals, though the Achaemenids had centrally appointed, albeit
Parthian_Empire
Subjective lists of features and structures
Alexandria, Egypt. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, in Halicarnassus, a city of the Achaemenid Empire in modern Turkey. Statue of Zeus at Olympia, in Olympia, Greece
Wonders_of_the_World
Region of Syria in classical antiquity
to the river Euphrates in the east covering the entire area of the old Achaemenid satrapy called kul ʿawar nahara ("everything beyond the river"). The word
Coele-Syria
Achaemenid tomb at Naqsh-e Rostam, Iran
The tomb of Darius the Great (or Darius I) is one of the four tombs for Achaemenid kings at the historical site of Naqsh-e Rostam, located about 12 kilometres
Tomb_of_Darius_the_Great
Geographic naming dispute
portal Iraq portal Kuwait portal Oman portal Saudi Arabia portal United Arab Emirates portal Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island Gulf Cooperation
Persian_Gulf_naming_dispute
Branch of the Afroasiatic languages
Arabic, Amharic, Tigrinya, Tigre, Aramaic, Hebrew, Maltese, Modern South Arabian languages and numerous other ancient and modern languages. They are spoken
Semitic_languages
City and Governorate in Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia
great nearby empire in the Achaemenid era, the time period when the Tayma stones were created. After the fall of the Achaemenid empire, Tayma declined. The
Tayma
Home of many cradles of civilization
highlands, and ancient Northern Arabia (including Dilmun). It is generally not considered to include Pre-Islamic Arabia as a whole, the ancient Berbers
Ancient_Near_East
Earliest stage of the Arabic language before Islam
in Aramaic ostraca dated to the 5th century BCE during the period of Achaemenid rule in Palestine in the Negev, an area that would form part of the (future)
Old_Arabic
Turkic ethnic group of Central Asia
Bactrians, and Khwarazmians—all Indo-Iranian peoples. It was part of the Achaemenid Empire in the sixth to fourth centuries BC, and by the 3rd century CE
Uzbeks
Country in West Asia
territorial height in the 6th century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire. Alexander the Great conquered the empire in the 4th century BC
Iran
Archaeological site in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
significant for understanding the use of writing systems in Eastern Arabia during the post-Achaemenid period. One inscription is in Aramaic, an internationally
Thāj
Multiple states under one central authority, usually created by conquest
between Persians and Macedonians. After Alexander's victory over the Achaemenid Empire, he died and his empire was split up amongst his generals. The
Empire
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