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Cryptographic attack
An adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack (abbreviated as CCA2) is an interactive form of chosen-ciphertext attack in which an attacker first sends a number
Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack
Adaptive_chosen-ciphertext_attack
Attack model for cryptanalysis
chosen-ciphertext attack. Early versions of RSA padding used in the SSL protocol were vulnerable to a sophisticated adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack
Chosen-ciphertext_attack
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
ciphertext, and so the timing attack fails. In 1998, Daniel Bleichenbacher described the first practical adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack against RSA-encrypted
RSA_cryptosystem
Property of some cryptosystems
indistinguishability under chosen ciphertext attack and adaptive chosen ciphertext attack. Indistinguishability under chosen plaintext attack is equivalent to the
Ciphertext indistinguishability
Ciphertext_indistinguishability
Attack model for cryptanalysis with presumed access to ciphertexts for chosen plaintexts
A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts
Chosen-plaintext_attack
Encrypted information
encryptions. Chosen-ciphertext attack: the attacker can obtain the plaintexts corresponding to an arbitrary set of ciphertexts of their own choosing Adaptive chosen-ciphertext
Ciphertext
Asymmetric key encryption algorithm
was the first efficient scheme proven to be secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack using standard cryptographic assumptions. Its security is
Cramer–Shoup_cryptosystem
Cryptographer (born 1964)
of web servers at the time. This attack was the first practical reason to consider adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks. In 2006 at a rump session at CRYPTO
Daniel_Bleichenbacher
Public-key cryptosystem
of a KEM is quantified by its indistinguishability against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack, IND-CCA, which is loosely how much better an adversary can
Key_encapsulation_mechanism
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
similarly to the Adaptive chosen ciphertext attack. Related-key attack: Like a chosen-plaintext attack, except the attacker can obtain ciphertexts encrypted
Cryptanalysis
Cryptography algorithm
CBC): adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack may intelligently combine many different specific bit errors to break the cipher mode. In Padding oracle attack, CBC
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Cyber attack whereby the attacker attempts to recover the key to an encryption scheme
under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack (IND-CCA2 security) has become the "golden standard" of security. The most obvious key-recovery attack is the
Key-recovery_attack
Concept in cryptography
of Practical Public-Key Encryption Schemes Secure against Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attack" (PDF). SIAM Journal on Computing. 33 (1): 167–226. CiteSeerX 10
Hybrid_cryptosystem
Classification of cryptographic attack
for lunch, allowing an attacker a limited-time access to the system. Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA2) - in this attack the analyst can choose
Attack_model
Property of some cryptographic algorithms
chosen-plaintext attacks or even non-adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks (CCA1) while still being malleable. However, security against adaptive chosen-ciphertext
Malleability_(cryptography)
Encryption method
applying a MAC to the ciphertext (the Encrypt-then-MAC approach) implies security against an adaptive chosen ciphertext attack, provided that both functions
Authenticated_encryption
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
attack, the attacker is given valid signatures for a variety of messages known by the attacker but not chosen by the attacker. In an adaptive chosen message
Digital_signature
Cryptography method
definition define indistinguishability under chosen ciphertext attack and adaptive chosen ciphertext attack (IND-CCA, IND-CCA2). Because the adversary possesses
Semantic_security
Topics referred to by the same term
native to South America Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, in biology Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack, in cryptography Advanced Composite Cargo Aircraft, a project
Acca
Type of cipher
similarly to the Adaptive chosen ciphertext attack. Related-key attack: Like a chosen-plaintext attack, except the attacker can obtain ciphertexts encrypted
Block_cipher
Concept in cryptography
(such as semantic security or indistinguishability under adaptive chosen ciphertext attack) are appropriate. However, there are special cases in which
Entropic_security
Topics referred to by the same term
protocol Return Of Bleichenbacher's Oracle Threat (ROBOT) attack, see Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack Robots (1988 film) a television film Robots (2005 film)
Robot_(disambiguation)
Cryptographic key-wrapping algorithm
confidentiality under adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks, while the AKW2 algorithm is designed to be secure only under known-plaintext (or weaker) attacks. (The stated
Key_wrap
Attempting to break a system solely based upon ciphertext
plaintext attack Chosen plaintext attack Chosen ciphertext attack Adaptive chosen ciphertext attack Topics in cryptography "Active and Passive attacks in Information
Passive_attack
Dutch computer scientist (born 1968)
of Practical Public-Key Encryption Schemes Secure against Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attack". SIAM Journal on Computing. 33 (1): 167–226. CiteSeerX 10
Ronald_Cramer
Asymmetric key encryption algorithm
and exponent choices). However, BG is highly vulnerable to adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (see below). Because encryption is performed using a probabilistic
Blum–Goldwasser_cryptosystem
Function used in computer cryptography
against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack Message authentication codes Digital signature schemes (secure against adaptive chosen-message attack) The following
One-way_function
HTTPS security vulernability
the cryptographer John Kelsey. It relies on the attacker being able to observe the size of the ciphertext sent by the browser while at the same time inducing
CRIME
Construct Multicast Cryptosystems Provably Secure Against Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attack”. Pessi, Pekka. Department of Computer Science, Helsinki University
Multicast_encryption
Topics referred to by the same term
CCA2 can refer to: cryptographic Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack ICAO airport code of New Germany Water Aerodrome This disambiguation page lists articles
CCA2
Security notion in cryptography
that relaxes the older notion of Security against Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (CCA, more precisely adaptive security notion CCA2): all CCA-secure systems are
RCCA_security
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
usually contain more repeated ciphertext segments. The following ciphertext has two segments that are repeated: Ciphertext: VHVSSPQUCEMRVBVBBBVHVSURQGI
Vigenère_cipher
Algorithm for public key cryptography
the highest level of semantic security, protection against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks (IND-CCA2). Usually in cryptography the notion of malleability
Paillier_cryptosystem
Hiding messages in other messages
of random data (an unbreakable cipher like the one-time pad generates ciphertexts that look perfectly random without the private key). Examples of this
Steganography
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
corresponding ciphertext (perhaps many times); an example is gardening, used by the British during WWII. In a chosen-ciphertext attack, Eve may be able
Cryptography
Sinkov • Acoustic cryptanalysis • Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack • Adaptive chosen plaintext and chosen ciphertext attack • Advantage (cryptography) • ADFGVX
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
German cipher machine during World War II
resistant to conventional cryptographic attacks based on patterns the keys leave in the resulting ciphertext. For the system to be bidirectional, the
Enigma_machine
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
Bard, Gregory (2006). "A Challenging But Feasible Blockwise-Adaptive Chosen-Plaintext Attack on SSL". International Association for Cryptologic Research
Transport_Layer_Security
Identity based encryption system
checks for t {\displaystyle \textstyle t} (otherwise, an adaptive chosen ciphertext attack can be mounted by altering packets that transmit a single
Cocks_IBE_scheme
Stream cipher
2004, Frédéric Muller published two attacks on Helix. The first has a complexity of 288 and requires 212 adaptive chosen-plaintext words, but requires nonces
Phelix
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
denote plaintext and ciphertext blocks respectively. The complementation property means that the work for a brute-force attack could be reduced by a
Data_Encryption_Standard
Block cipher
developed the boomerang attack against it. This attack, however, requires both chosen plaintexts and adaptive chosen ciphertexts, so is largely theoretical
COCONUT98
Substitution cipher based on linear algebra
a known-plaintext attack because it is completely linear. An opponent who intercepts n 2 {\displaystyle n^{2}} plaintext/ciphertext character pairs can
Hill_cipher
Family of block ciphers
key size, against standard chosen-plaintext (CPA) and chosen-ciphertext (CCA) attacks. Resistance against related-key attacks was also stated as a goal
Speck_(cipher)
Password-based key derivation function
Besides incorporating a salt to protect against rainbow table attacks, bcrypt is an adaptive function: over time, the iteration count can be increased to
Bcrypt
Block cipher
re-encrypting the ciphertext with the same key is equivalent to decrypting it. CMEA is severely insecure. There is a chosen-plaintext attack, effective for
Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm
Cellular_Message_Encryption_Algorithm
Aspect of WWII Allied intelligence gathering
the ciphertext, and combining the same key with the ciphertext regenerates the plaintext. Symbolically: Plaintext ⊕ Key = Ciphertext and Ciphertext ⊕ Key
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Lorenz_cipher
Block cipher used by the 4C Entity
practical experiment, the attack succeeded in recovering parts of the S-box in 15 hours of CPU time, using 2 plaintext-ciphertext pairs. A paper by Julia
Cryptomeria_cipher
Digital signature algorithm
secure against adaptive chosen-message attacks, which is the currently accepted security definition for signature schemes— even when an attacker receives signatures
GMR_(cryptography)
Block ciphers
cipher from random. A boomerang attack (Wagner, 1999) can be used in an adaptive chosen plaintext / chosen ciphertext scenario with 218 queries and a
Khufu_and_Khafre
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
checked by the provider. As the challenge is chosen on the spot by the provider, its difficulty can be adapted to its current load. The work on the requester
Proof_of_work
Decryption of World War II cipher
and the chosen three-letter message key was IHL, the operator would set the rotors to RAO and encipher IHL twice. The resultant ciphertext, DQYQQT, would
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
British cipher machine
five slugs were chosen from a set of ten. On some models, operators could achieve a speed of 20 words a minute, and the output ciphertext or plaintext was
Typex
Block cipher
chosen plaintexts, and speculates that this can be converted into a full key-recovery attack using no more than 216 chosen plaintexts. Such an attack
Crab_(cipher)
Short-range wireless technology standard
"brute force the negotiated encryption keys, decrypt the eavesdropped ciphertext, and inject valid encrypted messages (in real-time)". Google released
Bluetooth
Block cipher
et al. presented a related-key differential attack on 27 out of 64 rounds of XTEA, requiring 220.5 chosen plaintexts and a time complexity of 2115.15
XTEA
Digital signature scheme
provably secure (the scheme is existentially unforgeable under adaptive chosen-message attacks) in the random oracle model assuming the intractability of
BLS_digital_signature
Approach to public-key cryptography
multiplication efficiently and the apparent inability to reverse it for properly chosen curves and key sizes. The size and structure of the curve group, rather
Elliptic-curve_cryptography
European standard for trunked radio systems
communications. AIE contains no authentication for the ciphertext, making malleability attacks possible. The cryptographic anonymization scheme is weak
TETRA
Israeli American computer scientist (born 1959)
encrypted probabilistically to many different ciphertexts, which is more resistant to chosen-plaintext attacks. Goldwasser joined MIT in 1983, and in 1997
Shafi_Goldwasser
Part of GSM mobile telephone standard
ciphering and responds with the RR Ciphering Mode Complete message in ciphertext. The network is expected to deny service to any MS that does not support
Um_interface
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name CHOGAN means "blackbird."
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Huntsman; Hunter
Biblical
election; he that is chosen;he will choose;chooser; God does choose;
Boy/Male
Buddhist, Indian, Japanese
Clear / Transparent Meditation Practice
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name CHIEN means "fighter, warrior."
Boy/Male
English
Huntsman.
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi, Pashtun
The Chosen One; Chosen
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old French covine ‘fraud’, ‘deceit’, hence a derogatory nickname for a trickster.English : habitational name from a place in Staffordshire named Coven ‘(place) at the huts or shelters (Old English cofa, dative plural cofum)’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Biblical personal name Hosea.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Howshea, HOSEA means "salvation." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including the author of the Book of Hosea.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Chosen for Fate; Powerful
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Intelligent
Boy/Male
Muslim
Chosen
Boy/Male
Muslim
Chosen
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Gracious.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Chosen
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Kesed, CHESED means "increase." In the bible, this is the name of the 4th son of Nahor.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Chosen
Male
English
Middle English surname (of Norman French origin) transferred to forename use, CHASE means "hunter."Â
Female
Welsh
Welsh name RHOSYN means "rose."
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
Female
Spanish
Feminine form of Portuguese/Spanish Eulálio, EULÃLIA means "well-spoken."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Awakening, Perception
Girl/Female
Muslim
Hope, Moonlight
Boy/Male
Sikh
Male
Finnish
Pet form of Finnish Jalmari, JARI means "helmet-warrior."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.French : habitational name from Delle, a place in Territoire de Belfort. The usual French spelling of the family name is Delles.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Surrendered
Male
English
Nobleman
Surname or Lastname
English (Suffolk)
English (Suffolk) : from a vernacular form of the Latin name Horatius, which, according to Reaney and Wilson, was apparently taken to England during the Renaissance in the Italian form Horatio.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Rose
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
ADAPTIVE CHOSEN-CIPHERTEXT-ATTACK
n.
The dative case. See Dative, a., 1.
a.
Additive.
n.
Same as Chase gun, esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser. See under Bow, Stern.
p. p.
of Choose
n.
Those who are chosen for salvation.
v. t.
Shut fast; closed; tight; as, a close box.
n.
One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under Boot.
a.
Adaptive.
a.
Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an adoptive language.
a.
Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation; capable of adapting.
pl.
of Chose
a.
Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to confine; as, captive chains; captive hours.
v. t.
To make close.
imp.
of Choose
v. t.
See Cozen.
n.
One who chases or engraves. See 5th Chase, and Enchase.
imp. & p. p.
of Chouse
a.
Adaptive.