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Valuation separating financing effects
Adjusted present value (APV) is a valuation method introduced in 1974 by Stewart Myers. The idea is to value the project as if it were all equity financed
Adjusted_present_value
Valuation in finance
Adjusted present value (APV): adjusted present value, is the net present value of a project if financed solely by ownership equity plus the present value
Net_present_value
Current worth of a future sum discounted to today
In economics and finance, present value (PV), also known as present discounted value (PDV), is the value of an expected income stream determined as of
Present_value
Banking valuation adjustments
and the risk neutral value is to be adjusted correspondingly. When a derivative's exposure is collateralized, the "fair-value" is computed as before
XVA
Method of valuing a project, company, or asset
DPV is the discounted present value of the future cash flow (FV), or FV adjusted for the delay in receipt; FV is the nominal value of a cash flow amount
Discounted_cash_flow
Indicator for how well data points fit a line or curve
introduced into a regression one at a time, with the adjusted R2 computed each time, the level at which adjusted R2 reaches a maximum, and decreases afterward
Coefficient_of_determination
Acquired control over a company by the purchase of its shares with borrowed money
equity firms Vulture capitalist MacKinlay, A. Craig. "The Adjusted Present Value Approach to Valuing Leveraged Buyouts" (PDF). Wharton. Archived (PDF) from
Leveraged_buyout
Topics referred to by the same term
Actuarial present value, a probability weighted present value often used in insurance Adjusted present value, a variation of the net present value, in finance
APV
Instrument of indebtedness
return on a bond than current yield because it takes into account the present value of future interest payments and principal repaid at maturity. The yield
Bond_(finance)
Better to receive money now than later
the increased value to be available later is sufficiently high to offset both the preference to spending money now and inflation (if present); see required
Time_value_of_money
Defense against a takeover of a company
than companies without poison pills. This results in increased shareholder value. The theory is that an increase in the negotiating power of the target is
Shareholder_rights_plan
Cost of a company's funds
estimation of the fair market value of equity capital[citation needed] if the company is not listed. The Adjusted Present Value method (APV) is much easier
Cost_of_capital
Value in economics and accounting
adjust the nominal value Q {\displaystyle Q} of a quantity, such as wages or total production, to obtain its real value. The real value is the value expressed
Real_and_nominal_value
Type of stock senior to common stock
declared. Preferred stock may or may not have a fixed liquidation value (or par value) associated with it. This represents the amount of capital that was
Preferred_stock
Stock in an unlisted private company
Nabisco leveraged buyout in terms of nominal purchase price. However, adjusted for inflation, none of the leveraged buyouts of the 2006–2007 period would
Private_equity
Estimation method of company valuation
method of estimating the current value of a company based on projected future cash flows adjusted for the time value of money. The cash flows are made
Valuation using discounted cash flows
Valuation_using_discounted_cash_flows
Business term
Adjusted present value Berle-Dodd debate Enterprise value Financial statements Flows to equity Internal rate of return Market value added Net present
Shareholder_value
Overview of finance and finance-related topics
approach German income approach Equity valuation Results Net present value Adjusted present value Equivalent Annual Cost Payback period Discounted payback
Outline_of_finance
Economic measure placing a monetary value on reducing the risk of death
parity adjusted 2012 US dollars, the value of a healthier and longer life (VHLL) for Turkey at about 42,000 lira (about $27,600 in PPP-adjusted 2012 USD)
Value_of_a_statistical_life
Type of bond
the value of a convertible involves calculating the present value of future interest and principal payments at the cost of debt and adds the present value
Convertible_bond
The Embedded Value (EV) of a life insurance company is the present value of future profits plus adjusted net asset value. It is a construct from the field
Embedded_value
Expected present value of life-contingent cash flows
The actuarial present value (APV) is the expected value of the present value of future payments whose timing or amount depends on uncertain events such
Actuarial_present_value
Overview of corporate finance and corporate finance-related topics
a firm's market value with the capital invested in it T-model – Connects fundamentals with investment return Adjusted present value – Valuation separating
Outline_of_corporate_finance
American writer and economist
complement his research on capital structure. He is notable for the adjusted present value (or APV) approach as well as for recognizing the "option-like" character
Stewart_Myers
Reduction in taxable income achieved through allowable deductible expenses
Increase in firm value due to borrowing: $1,800 – $1,000 = $800 Alternatively, debt x tax rate: $4,000 x 20% = $800; Adjusted present value Cost of capital
Tax_shield
Private equity investment firm
issues. Various investor classes look to the financial sponsor to generate value in a company as much as the management or operations of the company. In
Financial_sponsor
Method of budgeting where an investment's value is penalized according to its risk
risk: The risk-adjusted rate of return applies a risk-penalty by increasing the discount rate when calculating the Net Present Value (NPV); The certainty
Penalized_present_value
the clean price of the bond (i.e. present value of the bond with accrued interest subtracted). In total the adjusted current yield is given by Annual coupon
Adjusted_current_yield
Analysis of company ownership structure
analysis of a company's percentages of ownership, equity dilution, and value of equity in each round of investment by founders, investors, and other
Capitalization_table
American stock market index composed of 30 industry leaders
adjusted in case of stock splits, spinoffs or similar structural changes, to ensure that such events do not in themselves alter the numerical value of
Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average
Corporation to reduce stock market risk
between the market value of the underlying shares and the risk-adjusted present value of the preferred and capital shares. James Hymas, "Split Shares"
Split_share_corporation
1957 investment of $70,000 in Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) would be valued at over $355 million after the company's initial public offering in 1968
Early history of private equity
Early_history_of_private_equity
“discounted present value,” which is defined in the National Conference of Insurance Legislators's model transfer act as “the present value of future payments
Structured settlement factoring transaction
Structured_settlement_factoring_transaction
In finance, a type of leveraged recapitalization
recapitalization will be pursued when the equity investors are seeking to realize value from a private company but do not want to sell their interest in the business
Dividend_recapitalization
by decade of transaction. Transaction values are given in the US dollar value for the year of the merger, adjusted for inflation. As of February 2026[update]
List of largest mergers and acquisitions
List_of_largest_mergers_and_acquisitions
sources Avengers "Avengers - Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 11, 2018. Batman "Batman - Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation"
List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada
List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_and_Canada
Measure comparing a firm's market value with the capital invested in it
debt K is the capital invested in the firm MVA is the present value of a series of EVA values. MVA is economically equivalent to the traditional NPV
Market_value_added
Future value of a good in terms of absolute value
applied, thus is $20,000 present value minus the present value of $10,000 future value. Residual values are contractually dealt with either in terms of
Residual_value
Value of an asset at a specific date
return if invested. In finance and economics, future value is used to express how much a present present amount will grow when it earns simple interest or
Future_value
Ratio between net income and investment
required) rates of return on money invested. ROI is not time-adjusted (unlike e.g. net present value): most textbooks describe it with a "Year 0" investment
Return_on_investment
Episode list for an animated series
Gorman, Bill (October 12, 2010). "Sunday Finals: Housewives Adjusted Up; Brothers & Sisters Adjusted Down; Plus Final CBS Ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived
List of The Simpsons episodes (season 21–present)
List_of_The_Simpsons_episodes_(season_21–present)
Type of hybrid security
higher than the price of a straight bond because the option to exchange adds value to an investor. Yield on an exchangeable bond is lower than the yield on
Exchangeable_bond
Measure of prices in different countries
with the label PPP-adjusted, or are expressed in 'PPP' currencies, etc. There can be marked differences between purchasing power adjusted incomes and those
Purchasing_power_parity
Time scale used in scientific disciplines
times the 14C concentration of this material, adjusted to a 13C reference value of −19 per mil (PDB). This value is defined as "modern carbon" referenced to
Before_Present
Term used in business finance
alter the future course of a business, materially impacting the company's value. The connotation of the event may be both positive (for example, merger
Special_situation
Application of gain to a recording to achieve a target level
level within a minimum and maximum range. Normalization adjusts the gain by a constant value across the entire recording. One type of normalization is
Audio_normalization
Historical performance of an investment portfolio
adjusting the end value for outflows: Start value = 1 , 000 dollars {\displaystyle {\text{Start value}}=1,000{\text{ dollars}}} Adjusted end value =
Modified_Dietz_method
Concept in economics
issuing new common equity, the cost must be adjusted for underwriting fees, termed flotation costs (F). The adjusted cost of equity ( K e {\displaystyle K_{e}}
Weighted average cost of capital
Weighted_average_cost_of_capital
Protection from financial loss
insurance company will collect historical loss-data, bring the loss data to present value, and compare these prior losses to the premium collected in order to
Insurance
Measure of a fixed-income instrument's sensitivity to interest rates
led to effective or option-adjusted duration, estimated by small curve shifts in a pricing model while the option-adjusted spread is held constant. These
Duration_(finance)
Conflagration in the U.S. state of Massachusetts
for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
Great_Salem_fire_of_1914
Function of the observed sample results
In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed
P-value
Set of x86 processor instructions
higher. Then the result is adjusted, depending on the number representation. Packed The result is adjusted using daa (decimal adjust after addition): If the
Intel_BCD_opcodes
Form of consumption tax
products". Reuters. 7 September 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2025. "Border Adjusted Taxation / Value Added Tax (VAT)". Amtacdc.org. Retrieved 30 April 2012. Thiessen
Value-added_tax
Investment paradigm
known global value managers. For a time, these two were paired up at the First Eagle Funds, compiling an enviable track record of risk-adjusted outperformance
Value_investing
Financial estimation of potential market price
that can be used: the risk adjusted discount rate method (a.k.a. discount rate adjustment technique) and a risk adjusted cash flow method (a.k.a. expected
Fair_value
Z bonds
technically to Treasury forward rates) so that the Net present value of the bond cash flows (using the adjusted yield curve) equals the market price of the bond
Z-spread
Indian-American academic and finance professor
analysis. He emphasizes that the value of an asset is the present value of its expected future cash flows, adjusted for the risk that those cash flows
Aswath_Damodaran
Financial standard on insurance contracts
requires to measure the rights and obligations based on the risk adjusted expected present value of future cash flows and an allocation of initial excess premiums
IFRS_17
Hitting statistic in baseball
McGwire in 1998, which was 28th all-time. OPS+, adjusted OPS, is a closely related statistic. OPS+ is OPS adjusted for the park and the league in which the player
On-base_plus_slugging
List of all business accounts in a ledger
A trial balance is an internal financial statement that lists the adjusted closing balances of all the general ledger accounts (both revenue and capital)
Trial_balance
Method used to eliminate foreign exchange risk
historic cost value, rather than being adjusted for fair value. The use of a hedge would cause them to be revalued as such. Remember that the value of the hedge
Foreign_exchange_hedge
changes, the present value is recalculated, and both the asset and liability are adjusted by the amount of the difference. Terminal value Discounted cash
Asset_retirement_obligation
Environmental pollutant reference values
target values for soil are adjusted for the organic matter (humus) content and soil fraction <0.2 μm (Lutum - Latin, meaning "mud" or "clay"). The values below
Dutch_pollutant_standards
Difference of a temperature from a reference value
surface temperature are usually presented as anomalies rather than as absolute temperatures. Using reference values computed for distinct areas over
Temperature_anomaly
Rate of return of an investment
valuation § Present value approach Dividend yield Bond duration Coupon rate Compound interest I-spread Asset swap spread Option-adjusted spread Z-spread
Yield_to_maturity
season, though most of that money was deferred. Accounting for net present value, Juan Soto signed a larger contract with the Mets before the 2025 season
List of highest-paid Major League Baseball players
List_of_highest-paid_Major_League_Baseball_players
Mortgage loan repaid in equal installments
under unexpectedly high inflation (as the inflation lowers the real present value of their loan repayments), while they are worse off if there is a drop
Fixed-rate_mortgage
Listed private equity (LPE)
its investors. As of the end of 2008, among the largest BDCs (by market value, excluding Apollo Investment Corp, discussed elsewhere) are: American Capital
Publicly traded private equity
Publicly_traded_private_equity
Economics term
risk. This price adjustment will depend on counterparty credit spreads as well as on the market risk factors that drive derivatives' values and, therefore
Credit_valuation_adjustment
Concept in mathematical finance
value: E [ f ( X ) ] ≥ f ( E [ X ] ) . {\displaystyle E[f(X)]\geq f(E[X]).} Geometrically, if the model price curves up on both sides of the present value
Convexity_(finance)
anniversary reissue and adjusted from the 2023 index. AEThe gross for Avengers: Endgame is adjusted from the 2020 index. ETThe adjusted gross for E.T. includes
List of highest-grossing films
List_of_highest-grossing_films
Method of awarding contracts
A present value of revenues auction, sometimes called a least present value of revenues auction, is a method of awarding contracts in which the bids are
Present value of revenues auction
Present_value_of_revenues_auction
Control loop feedback mechanism
proportional term produces an output value that is proportional to the current error value. The proportional response can be adjusted by multiplying the error by
PID_controller
Total market value of goods and services produced within a country
inflation can be adjusted by comparing real instead of nominal values. For cross-country comparisons, GDP figures are often adjusted for differences in
Gross_domestic_product
GDP of African Countries 2025
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. Countries in Africa are sorted according
List of African countries by GDP (nominal)
List_of_African_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)
Currency of the United States
Archived June 7, 2023, at the Wayback Machine Relative values of the U.S. dollar, from 1774 to present Historical Currency Converter Summary of BEP Production
United_States_dollar
Carrying value of goods sold during a particular period
sold may also reflect adjustments. Among the potential adjustments are decline in value of the goods (i.e., lower market value than cost), obsolescence
Cost_of_goods_sold
When a creditor delays payments from a debtor in exchange for a fee
calculate the present value as P = F ( 1 + r ) t {\displaystyle P={\frac {F}{(1+r)^{t}}}} Suppose that we wanted to find the present value, denoted PV of
Discounting
Intangible asset recognized in the acquisition of a firm
an impairment must be recorded to adjust it down to fair market value. However, an increase in fair market value would not be recognized in this way
Goodwill_(accounting)
Philosophical concept
intrinsic value are the distinction between what is a means to an end and what is as an end in itself. Things are deemed to have instrumental value (or extrinsic
Instrumental and intrinsic value
Instrumental_and_intrinsic_value
Mexican economist
meta-productive values, we begin to comprehend that no single form of value has primacy: it is only the degree of equilibrium of all value elements (whatever
Francisco_Javier_Carrillo
inflation is a situation in which all prices in an economy are continuously adjusted with relation to a price index by force of contracts. Changes in price
Inertial_inflation
Australian stock market index
company included is in proportion to the index's total market value, and float-adjusted, meaning the index only considers shares available to public investors
S&P/ASX_300
Benchmark index of Brazilian stocks
all the stock value traded. Its index number represents the present value of a portfolio begun on 2 January 1968, with a starting value of 100 and taking
Índice_Bovespa
Unit of information
DAY-tə, US also /ˈdætə/ DAT-ə) is a collection of discrete or continuous values that conveys information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics
Data
Programming language evaluation rules
Box { int value; public Box(int value) { this.value = value; } } static void swap(Box a, Box b) { int temp = a.value; a.value = b.value; b.value = temp;
Evaluation_strategy
Levy on the unimproved value of land
estimated rental value, assessed quarterly. Municipal governments in Hungary levy an LVT based on the area or the land's adjusted market value. The maximum
Land_value_tax
Number taken as representative of a list of numbers
In mathematics, an average of a collection or group is a value that is most central, common, or typical in some sense, and represents its overall position
Average
State agency in Ireland
nominal price levels and the real (inflation-adjusted) economic value of property. The real economic value of property is further defined as a function
National Asset Management Agency
National_Asset_Management_Agency
Fiscal legislation enacted by the UK Parliament
election, the Finance Act 2010 (c. 13) passed as set out by the Labour Party adjusted the rates of the main taxes, in particular introducing on income tax the
Finance_Act
Digital watch produced since 1989
currently in. The time or date is adjusted by pressing the lower left button three times to bring the watch to time adjustment mode. The top left button is
Casio_F-91W
Primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time
solar time at 0° longitude, the currently used prime meridian, and is not adjusted for daylight saving time. The coordination of time and frequency transmissions
Coordinated_Universal_Time
Point-based valuation system for chess pieces
In chess, a relative value (or point value) is a numerical value conventionally assigned to each piece. Piece valuations have no role in the rules of
Chess_piece_relative_value
Economic activities to bring a product to market
A global value chain (GVC) refers to the full range of activities that economic actors engage in to bring a product to market. It plays a critical role
Global_value_chain
Process of estimating what something is worth, used in the finance industry
are valued using the theory of present value. Intangible business assets, like goodwill and intellectual property, are open to a wide range of value interpretations
Valuation_(finance)
2012 American procedural drama television series
2015). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Blacklist' Adjusted Up; 'Reign' Adjusted Down; No Adjustment to 'Scandal'". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the
Elementary_(TV_series)
Mortgage loan with an interest rate that changes based on credit markets
mortgage, adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM), or tracker mortgage is a mortgage loan with the interest rate on the note periodically adjusted based on an
Adjustable-rate_mortgage
Economic crisis in Argentina
Argentine peso, caused by high inflation and steep fall in the perceived value of the currency at the local level as it continually lost purchasing power
2018–present Argentine monetary crisis
2018–present_Argentine_monetary_crisis
Ranking published by Billboard and Pollstar
simplification, the figures are presented in nominal dollars without being adjusted for inflation, hence they do not reflect the real value of revenue from older
List of highest-grossing live music artists
List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists
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ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
ADJUSTED PRESENT-VALUE
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