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Conflicts over coal mining in Canada
Premier Peter Lougheed introduced the Coal Development Policy, which governed coal exploration and development in Alberta by classifying land into four categories:
Alberta coal policy controversy
Alberta_coal_policy_controversy
Open-pit coal mine near Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada
protections, and by establishing Alberta's Coal Policy Committee in 2021 to make recommendations on the management of the province's coal resources. As of 2025,
Grassy_Mountain_Coal_Project
Coal in Alberta is found in the Coalspur Formation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the foothills of southwestern Alberta. The Coalspur Formation
Coal_in_Alberta
Emissions, impacts and responses of Canada related to climate change
half as coal (9% of the total) and the remainder a mix of natural gas and oil. Only five provinces use coal for electricity generation. Alberta, Saskatchewan
Climate_change_in_Canada
Ministry in Alberta, Canada
responsible for environmental issues and policy as well as some, but not all, parks and protected areas in Alberta. The first Minister of the Environment
Alberta Environment and Protected Areas
Alberta_Environment_and_Protected_Areas
Premier of Alberta since 2022
protect Alberta from federal policies it deems detrimental to the province. Smith's government has also begun the process of withdrawing Alberta from the
Danielle_Smith
Canadian electricity generation company
In 2015 the Alberta Utilities Commission ruled that TransAlta manipulated the price of electricity when it took outages at its Alberta coal-fired generating
TransAlta
districts for the first Alberta general election in 1905 were determined by the Alberta Act and became a subject of controversy. Accusations of gerrymandering
1909_Alberta_general_election
Canadian lawyer and politician (1857–1941)
coldest in Alberta's history and was exacerbated by a shortage of coal. One cause of this shortage was the strained relationship between coal miners and
Alexander_Cameron_Rutherford
Canadian mining company
of revenue was from steel-making coal, 34% of revenue was from zinc, and the remaining 21% was from copper. In Alberta, Teck has one operational oil sands
Teck_Resources
province of Alberta, Canada, has a history and prehistory stretching back thousands of years. The ancestors of today's First Nations in Alberta arrived in
History_of_Alberta
Lobbying supporting the fossil fuels industry
representatives of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry (oil, gas, coal), as well as related industries like chemicals, plastics, aviation and other
Fossil_fuels_lobby
Idea of eliminating the need for the United States to import foreign sources of energy
takeovers of Canadian companies. These policies were bitterly opposed by the provincial government of Alberta, and were repealed and reversed during the
United States energy independence
United_States_energy_independence
Premier of Alberta from 2019 to 2022 (born 1968)
that following discontent about the travel controversy and government policies around pandemic measures and coal mining, several UCP constituency associations
Jason_Kenney
Stephen Harper government's hard line policies" and its "promotion" of the "vast reserves of tar sands in Alberta" that are highly polluting". By December
Carbon_pricing_in_Canada
Calgary, Alberta municipal energy utility
ENMAX) is a vertically-integrated utility provider with operations across Alberta, Canada, and in Maine, United States. Through its subsidiaries, ENMAX Power
Enmax
Aspect of Canadian politics
Alberta had already received 24, 000 applications. Premier Kenney rescinded the 1976 Coal Policy on June 1, 2020, and lifted restrictions on coal mining
Premiership_of_Jason_Kenney
Australian businesswoman (born 1954)
"Alberta's Highest Court Jams Smith's Coal Plans". Resilience via The Tyee. Retrieved 24 January 2025. "The Billionaire Who Bored a Hole in Alberta's Laws"
Gina_Rinehart
Premier of Alberta from 2014 to 2015
University of Alberta (where he became a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity) and Dalhousie University. He paid for his tuition by working as a coal miner
Jim_Prentice
Ongoing economic conflict
Control Board of Ontario to end sales of American alcohol. The Premier of Alberta Danielle Smith, who had until then been opposed to aggressive trade action
2025–2026 Canada–United States trade war
2025–2026_Canada–United_States_trade_war
This is a list of major political scandals in Canada. Alberta and Great Waterways Railway scandal — a 1910 scandal that resulted in the resignation of
List of political scandals in Canada
List_of_political_scandals_in_Canada
The 1967 Alberta general election was held on May 23, 1967, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta to the 16th Alberta Legislature. The
1967_Alberta_general_election
Cataloging of environmental disasters
2012 Talvivaara gypsum pond leak, Finland, 2012 Obed Mountain coal mine spill in Alberta, Canada, October 2013 2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill in
List of environmental disasters
List_of_environmental_disasters
Canadian politician (born 1979)
economic policies and regulations. Singh's opposition to the Trans Mountain Pipeline expansion project was repeatedly condemned by Alberta NDP leader
Jagmeet_Singh
Crown corporation in British Columbia, Canada
monthly. Energy portal Canada portal 2015 British Columbia blackout Alberta Electricity Policy Columbia Power Corporation Energy in Canada FortisBC HVDC Vancouver
BC_Hydro
15 yards (14 m). As the tornado moved across a coal yard in this area, a 35.8-tonne (78,925 lb) coal car was thrown 391 ft (119 m) through the air. Three
Disagreements on the intensity of tornadoes
Disagreements_on_the_intensity_of_tornadoes
Former Canadian government agency
electric utility industries." Its head office was located in Calgary, Alberta. The NEB mainly regulated the construction and operation of oil and natural
National_Energy_Board
Diplomatic policy of concessions
Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic negotiation policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive
Appeasement
Ongoing economic conflict
especially true in the Midwest, a region heavily reliant on oil imported from Alberta. The Canadian government had previously said that U.S. gas prices could
2025–2026 Mexico–United States trade war
2025–2026_Mexico–United_States_trade_war
Tax on carbon emissions
incentivizes making them less carbon-intensive. When a fossil fuel such as coal, petroleum, or natural gas is burned, most or all of its carbon is converted
Carbon_tax
Process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide from industrial flue gas
Cesare Marchetti proposed that CCS could be used to reduce emissions from coal power plants and fuel refineries. Small-scale implementations were first
Carbon_capture_and_storage
Methods bringing energy into production
source is coal, which does not form naturally at a rate that would support human use. Fossil fuel (primary non-renewable fossil) sources burn coal or hydrocarbon
Energy_development
Canadian Nuclear Association Electricity sector in Canada Energy Alberta Corporation Energy policy of Canada List of nuclear reactors List of nuclear waste storage
Nuclear_power_in_Canada
Misleading environmental marketing claims
"Clean Coal" as the basis to suggest clean energy subsidies be used to build new coal power plants. The renaming of "Tar Sands" to "Oil Sands" (Alberta, Canada)
Greenwashing
Scandals with the suffix -gate
This is a list of scandals or controversies whose names include a -gate suffix, by analogy with the Watergate scandal in the 1970s, as well as other incidents
List of -gate scandals and controversies
List_of_-gate_scandals_and_controversies
Controversies around the Nobel Prize
the first award in 1901, conferment of the Nobel Prize has engendered controversy and criticism. After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist
Nobel_Prize_controversies
Strikes in eastern Ukraine during the 1990s
Strikes by coal miners in the eastern Donbas region of Ukraine occurred throughout most of the 1990s. Beginning in 1989, coal miners went on strike against
1990s_Donbas_miners'_strikes
certainly operating there by 1860, however. Spectator advertisements offered coal oil for sale at 16 cents per gallon for quantities from 4,000 US gallons
History of the petroleum industry in Canada
History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_Canada
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
and Environmental Assessment Act. The unpopularity of the GST and the controversy surrounding its passage in the Senate, combined with the early 1990s
Brian_Mulroney
Fifth Premier of Alberta, Canada (1883–1961)
Brownlee QC (August 27, 1883 – July 15, 1961) was the fifth premier of Alberta, serving from 1925 until 1934. Born in Port Ryerse, Ontario, he studied
John_Edward_Brownlee
Preparation of a custom medication
compounding began in the 19th century with the isolation of various compounds from coal tar for the purpose of producing synthetic dyes. From this came the earliest
Compounding
Subspecies of caribou or reindeer in North America
Street Journal, the ABMI report was released during a period of "controversy over Alberta's recent sales of oil and gas development leases in areas populated
Boreal_woodland_caribou
Point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction is reached
18 January 2024. "Definition - Conventional Oil - Alberta's Energy Heritage". www.history.alberta.ca. Retrieved 18 January 2024. Delannoy, Louis; Longaretti
Peak_oil
International non-governmental environmental organization
caribou in Alberta . The organization convinces and helps governments and other political bodies to adopt, enforce, strengthen and/or change policies, guidelines
World_Wildlife_Fund
Queensland Canada comparative: approximately 1+1/3 times the size of Alberta United Kingdom comparative: approximately 3+3/5 times the size of the
Geography_of_Pakistan
power; the Environmental Protection Agency is run by the "oil industry, the coal industry, and the pesticide industry"; and that the Food and Drug Administration
Views of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Views_of_Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
Country primarily in North America
Historical Evidence". Canadian Journal of Sociology. 24 (4). University of Alberta: 511–533. doi:10.2307/3341789. ISSN 0318-6431. JSTOR 3341789. Gregory,
United_States
Canadian actor (1942–2022)
Edmonton, Alberta, to a father who worked for the Canadian National Railway and mother who worked in a dress shop. He studied drama at school, as Alberta was
Kenneth_Welsh
component of his National Policy, Macdonald was helped by Alexander Tilloch Galt, who was the owner of the North Western Coal and Navigation Company. British
History of the Canadian Pacific Railway
History_of_the_Canadian_Pacific_Railway
Swedish activist (born 2003)
for the Gaza Strip, which drew international attention and political controversy. Thunberg has been credited with sparking the "Greta effect", influencing
Greta_Thunberg
North American environmental organization
include efforts to protect North America's boreal forest, to stop the Alberta tar sands oil development project, to change the paper industry in the
Stand.earth
President of Ukraine from 1991 to 1994
product contracted by 40% during his time in office. In the wake of strikes by coal miners, Kravchuk called snap elections for Ukraine's parliament and presidency;
Leonid_Kravchuk
industry: Arctic Refuge drilling controversy Stephen Most 2004 Oil Sands Karaoke Petroleum industry: oil sands of Alberta 2013 On the Line Petroleum industry:
List_of_environmental_films
Canadian politician (born 1958)
up in Kamloops. Wilkinson attended medical school at the University of Alberta. Three years into medical school, he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to
Andrew_Wilkinson
such as coal and oil. In a broad sense most individuals, especially those that do not engage in public discourse of current economic policies, have little
Renewable_energy_debate
Ethanol produced from corn biomass
mainly from coal plants, there has been considerable debate on the sustainability of corn ethanol in replacing fossil fuels. Additional controversy relates
Corn_ethanol
Community in Nova Scotia, Canada
major decline in the number of people employed at the Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation steel mill, and the Nova Scotia and Canadian governments had
Sydney,_Nova_Scotia
Fracturing bedrock by pressurized liquid
necessary to achieve adequate flow rates in shale gas, tight gas, tight oil, and coal seam gas wells. Some hydraulic fractures can form naturally in certain veins
Fracking
Denial of the scientific consensus on climate change
the coal company Cloud Peak Energy revealed it funded the Institute for Energy Research, a climate denial think tank, as well as several other policy influencers
Climate_change_denial
Oil pipeline in North America
October 1, 2024. It runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas, and also to oil tank farms and an
Keystone_Pipeline
Canadian interceptor aircraft family
shows before Jackson donated it to the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in his home town of Wetaskiwin, Alberta. While in a temporary outdoor collection, it was
Avro_Canada_CF-105_Arrow
Former Canadian police force
1887 and 1906. In the mining town of Lethbridge, for example, the Alberta Railway and Coal Company locked out its workforce in 1894 during an attempt to cut
North-West_Mounted_Police
Canadian environmental activist, campaigner and writer (b. 1969)
on climate policy in British Columbia in 2015. Then in 2016, she was appointed to be co-chair of the Oil Sands Advisory Group by the Alberta Government
Tzeporah_Berman
14th Premier of Saskatchewan (2007–2018)
signed Saskatchewan onto the New West Trade Partnership Agreement with Alberta and British Columbia, a free-trade pact that expanded to include Manitoba
Brad_Wall
Prime Minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015
Harper dropped out of the University of Toronto and then moved to Edmonton, Alberta, where he found work in the mail room at Imperial Oil. Later, he advanced
Stephen_Harper
(2013). "Shale gas vs. coal: Policy implications from environmental impact comparisons of shale gas, conventional gas, and coal on air, water, and land
Environmental impact of fracking
Environmental_impact_of_fracking
Law governing the use and taxation of energy
regulations and edicts) related to energy. In contrast, energy policy refers to the policy and politics of energy. Energy law includes the legal provision
Energy_law
Depletion of natural organic and inorganic resources
suggest that it is very unlikely that copper production will peak before 2040. Coal per KWh (2017). Old expectation per ton: (2060) Zinc. Developments in hydrometallurgy
Resource_depletion
1945 attacks in Japan during WWII
attached to it on Tinian 51 civilian and military personnel from Project Alberta, known as the 1st Technical Detachment. The 509th Composite Group's 393rd
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
1925, the Matthes Coal and Construction Company was marketing "Niggerhead Coal" as more efficient and a better buy than soft coal. Bouclé fabric was
Use_of_nigger_in_proper_names
Canadian Class I freight railway company
questions about CN's safety policies. Two more derailments near Lytton in August 2006 have continued criticism. In the first case, 20 coal cars of a CPR train
Canadian_National_Railway
gives a good overview of the controversy to give Marathi full "official status". Benedikter, Thomas (2009). Language Policy and Linguistic Minorities in
Languages_of_India
Riots against Canadians of Asian descent in Vancouver
in the history of Vancouver; the first incident took place in the area of Coal Harbour, in 1887. A riot targeting East Indian lumber workers in Bellingham
1907 Vancouver anti-Asian riots
1907_Vancouver_anti-Asian_riots
Multi-sport event in Calgary, Canada
natural characteristics who mark the Calgary Metropolitan Region and the Alberta Province and also canadian prairies landscapes, as a perfect places for
1988_Winter_Olympics
Bilateral relations
representatives of the Alberta Prosperity Project, an Alberta separatist group. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent described Alberta as "a natural partner
Canada–United States relations
Canada–United_States_relations
projects. There were other sensitive labour issues, such as companies from Alberta and other provinces being allowed to compete with unionized British Columbia
History_of_British_Columbia
American politician and lobbyist (born 1949)
of Representatives: History, Art & Archives. Retrieved March 16, 2015. Alberta, Tim (November 1, 2017). "John Boehner Unchained". Politico. Retrieved
John_Boehner
British multinational oil and gas company
First Lord of the Admiralty, and the British navy quickly switched from coal to oil for the majority of their war ships. APOC also signed a 30-year contract
BP
Canadian prime minister (1874–1950)
strengthened the Liberal policy of increasing the powers of the provincial governments by transferring to the governments of Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan
William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King
preacher, and father of Texas Senator Ted Cruz (moved to Texas from Calgary, Alberta, Canada) John B. Denton (1806–1841), Methodist minister for whom Denton
List_of_people_from_Texas
Premier of British Columbia from 2001 to 2011
the Expo Lands, the re-development of Yaletown, and the foundation of the Coal Harbour residential area. One of the most significant projects of his term
Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)
Gordon_Campbell_(Canadian_politician)
Region of Eastern Canada
widespread industrial base to take advantage of the region's large underground coal deposits. After Confederation, however, this industrial base withered with
The_Maritimes
American politician and lawyer (born 1976)
"The Epstein Files Are Out. Now Comes the Reckoning". The New York Times. Alberta, Tim (February 14, 2026). "The Epstein Files and the Fracture of the MAGA
Ro_Khanna
Constitutional concept in Canada
policies. During this period ending with Aberhart's death eleven Alberta acts were disallowed and three were reserved. The disallowance of Alberta's enemy
Disallowance and reservation in Canada
Disallowance_and_reservation_in_Canada
Water table aquifer beneath the Great Plains in the United States of America
673 km) Keystone XL pipeline to carry oil from the Athabasca oil sands of Alberta to refineries near Houston, Texas. The proposed route of the pipeline crosses
Ogallala_Aquifer
American political campaign
media. Trump's campaign rallies attracted large crowds as well as public controversy. Some of the events were marked by incidents of violence between Trump
Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign
Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign
Hungarian-American physicist (1908–2003)
sands in northern Alberta with nuclear explosions, titled Project Oilsands. The plan actually received the endorsement of the Alberta government, but was
Edward_Teller
sentenced to life imprisonment. The case generated widespread attention and controversy among the Israeli public, with many critical of the police's conduct
List of miscarriage of justice cases
List_of_miscarriage_of_justice_cases
Religious community
populations in Canada are found in Ontario, followed by British Columbia and Alberta. As of the 2021 Census, more than half of Canada's Sikhs, Approximately
Sikhism_in_Canada
Towards civil disobedience
government in South Vietnam, and created much controversy and created pressure on the government and their policies. Many who practice civil disobedience do
Examples of civil disobedience
Examples_of_civil_disobedience
Branch of law concerning the natural environment
"environmental law" encompasses treaties, statutes, regulations, conventions, and policies designed to protect the natural environment and manage the impact of human
Environmental_law
Governor of Iowa since 2017
decision to have Representative Steve King co-chair her campaign stirred controversy, as King has a history of remarks that have been described as racist
Kim_Reynolds
borough president. Taxpayers in Coal Township, Pennsylvania, threatened a tax strike to protest the fact that the large coal companies in the region had been
List of historical acts of tax resistance
List_of_historical_acts_of_tax_resistance
American politician and attorney (born 1970)
was born on December 22, 1970, at Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, to Eleanor Elizabeth (née Darragh) Wilson and Rafael Cruz. Cruz's
Ted_Cruz
stabbed to death by unknown persons. Her murder has never been solved. Alberta Odell Jones (34), a female African-American civil rights icon and attorney
List of unsolved murders (1900–1979)
List_of_unsolved_murders_(1900–1979)
1932–1933 man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine
amplified against Ukrainians as a means to punish them for resisting Soviet policies and to suppress their nationalist sentiments. Ukraine was one of the largest
Holodomor
Canadian politician (born 1972)
nomination for that riding because of the party's equity policy but Cullen refused. Despite the controversy, Cullen was elected with 51.7% of the vote. On November
Nathan_Cullen
WWII operation to restrict supply lines
be detrimental to the neutrals, as Norway got nearly all its coal from Germany, the policy was in strict adherence to the rules of law, and that while
Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)
Blockade_of_Germany_(1939–1945)
Canadian heavy water nuclear reactor design
concentrated on hydro and coal-fired plants. Several Canadian provinces have developed large amounts of hydro power. Alberta and Saskatchewan do not have
CANDU_reactor
Pennsylvania were laborers in the coal mines prior to World War I. Northern Pennsylvania contains over 99% of America's anthracite coal, which was favored for home
History of Poles in the United States
History_of_Poles_in_the_United_States
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ALBERTA COAL-POLICY-CONTROVERSY
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ALBERTA COAL-POLICY-CONTROVERSY
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