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12th-century Byzantine history by Anna Komnene
The Alexiad (Attic Greek: Ἀλεξιάς, romanized: Alexiás) is a medieval historical and biographical text written around the year 1148, by the Byzantine princess
Alexiad
Byzantine historian (1083–1153)
was a Byzantine Greek princess and historian. She is the author of the Alexiad, an account of the reign of her father, Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos
Anna_Komnene
Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118
Norwich 1995, p. 2. Alexiad c. 1148, p. 1.1. Norwich 1995, p. 3. Alexiad c. 1148, p. 1.8. Garland 2007. Finlay 1854, p. 59. Alexiad c. 1148, p. 2.2.1–2
Alexios_I_Komnenos
Part of the First Norman invasion of the Balkans
Anna Comnena. The Alexiad, 4.3. Norwich 1995, p. 18; Anna Comnena. The Alexiad, 4.5. Haldon 2001, p. 134; Anna Comnena. The Alexiad, 4.5. Haldon 2001
Battle_of_Dyrrhachium_(1081)
Byzantine military leader
Tzachas of Smyrna. His life is only known from the Alexiad of Anna Komnene. According to the Alexiad, Constantine Dalassenos was related to Alexios I through
Constantine Dalassenos (thalassokrator)
Constantine_Dalassenos_(thalassokrator)
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
The Alexiad, a history by Anna Komnene, in a 12th-century manuscript. Kept in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence.
Byzantine_Empire
Turkish military commander
little is known about his life, and that mostly from only one source, the Alexiad of the Byzantine princess Anna Komnene, daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos
Chaka_Bey
Elite unit of the Byzantine Army
skilled swordsmen or archers. In some sources, such as Anna Komnene's The Alexiad, they are described as mounted; both Vikings and elite Anglo-Saxon warriors
Varangian_Guard
Spread of ancient Greek culture, religion, and language in the Eastern Roman Empire
Female Authorship in Anna Komnene's Alexiad". Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies: 192. Comnena, Anna (1928). Alexiad. Translated by Elizabeth S. Dawes
Hellenization in the Byzantine Empire
Hellenization_in_the_Byzantine_Empire
11th century AD Byzantine general and diplomat
several missions to Crusader princes. Boutoumites appears in Anna Komnene's Alexiad in 1086, when he was appointed as the doux of the Byzantine fleet by Alexios
Manuel_Boutoumites
Late 11th/early 12th century Byzantine general
by Alexios' daughter Anna Komnene in her biography of her father, the Alexiad. George Palaiologos was the son of Nikephoros Palaiologos, the first known
George_Palaiologos
protostrator, during Alexios's reign. His life is only known through the Alexiad of Anna Komnene and the history of her husband, Nikephoros Bryennios. Michael
Michael_Doukas_(protostrator)
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. She wrote a history of the First Crusade in the Alexiad, providing a view of the campaign from the Byzantine perspective. She was
Women_in_the_Crusades
12th century Byzantine female convent
retire there after her husband's death, and it was here that she wrote the Alexiad. The monastery is last attested in the 15th century, when the Russian pilgrim
Kecharitomene_Monastery
1082 battle
The Alexiad, 1.12. Treadgold 1997, p. 614. Anna Comnena. The Alexiad, 1.12. Norwich 1995, p. 15. Norwich 1995, p. 16. Anna Comnena. The Alexiad, 1.15
Battle_of_Larissa
Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S)
pine resin and sulfur, blown through reed pipes to burn the enemy, in her Alexiad. Sulfur was a tool of medieval siege warfare. Raymond of Aguilers described
Sulfur
Capital of the Byzantine Empire
for these events: the writer and historian Anna Comnena in her work The Alexiad. Vasiliev 1952, p. 472. J. Phillips, The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of
Constantinople
Ethnic group and nation
public of readers, wherever Greek literature was read." Anna Comnena. Alexiad, Books 1–15. Papagrigorakis, Kousoulis & Synodinos 2014, p. 237: "Interpreted
Greeks
Byzantine empress from 1071 to 1081
hatred' towards the Caesar and his family; cf. Alexiad 3.2.1 (Leib 1.106). Alexiad 2.4.6–7 (Leib 1.73-4) Alexiad 3.4.6 (Leib 1.115-16); Zonaras, Epitome, 3
Maria_of_Alania
Ancient Thracian bladed weapon
Comnena, trans E. R. A. Sewter, The Alexiad, (1969, Penguin), Pp.42. Anna Comnena, trans E. R. A. Sewter, The Alexiad, (1969, Penguin), Pp.43. The New Testament
Rhomphaia
Religious wars of the High Middle Ages
Gesta Francorum, works by Albert of Aachen and Fulcher of Chartres, the Alexiad by Byzantine princess Anna Komnene, the Complete Work of History by Muslim
Crusades
Byzantine admiral
Komnene. Alexiad, XI.5 (Dawes 1928, p. 281) Skoulatos 1980, pp. 148–149. Anna Komnene. Alexiad, XI.5 (Dawes 1928, pp. 281–282) Anna Komnene. Alexiad, XI.5
John_Doukas_(megas_doux)
Italo-Norman siege of Durrës
Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118). The siege is described at length in the Alexiad of Anna Komnene, daughter of Emperor Alexios. Previously, Emperor Alexios
Siege of Dyrrhachium (1107–1108)
Siege_of_Dyrrhachium_(1107–1108)
Byzantine commander
1081–1118). Synesios is mentioned without a given name in the biographical work Alexiad of Anna Komnene, the daughter of emperor Alexios I. At least three of his
Synesios_(commander)
Norman Noble
Normandy) from his ancestors. On the other hand, Anna Komnene, in the Alexiad, describes his son Robert as of insignificant origin. In his youth, Tancred
Tancred_of_Hauteville
European ethnic group
at the Wayback Machine Beihammer 2017, pp. 211–213. Anna Comnena. The Alexiad, 4.8; Vranousi 1962, pp. 5–26. The Normans, Marjorie Chibnall Webber, Nick
Normans
1087 battle involving the Byzantine Empire
Military Technology. Oxford University Press. p. 549. ISBN 978-0-19-533403-6. Dawes, Elizabeth A., ed. (1928), The Alexiad, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
Battle_of_Dristra
11/12th-century prince of Taranto and Antioch; military leader in the First Crusade
at Canosa in Apulia, in 1111. Byzantine princess Anna Komnene, in her Alexiad wrote a description of Bohemond's physical appearance; “The appearance
Bohemond_I_of_Antioch
Byzantine incendiary weapon
Komnene and Western European chroniclers, which are often inaccurate. In her Alexiad, Anna Komnene describes an incendiary weapon used by the Byzantine garrison
Greek_fire
Special title given to some saints in Eastern Orthodoxy and in Byzantine Catholicism
literature (ex. Anna Komnene confidently calls him the 13th apostle in the Alexiad, to whom she likens her father Alexius). Indeed, in this capacity he proved
Equal-to-apostles
Byzantine noblewoman
estate. Her granddaughter Anna Komnene praises her beauty and wisdom in the Alexiad. In 1077–1081, she extensively rebuilt and restored the Chora Church, to
Maria_of_Bulgaria
Byzantine noble and general
Analyse prosopographique et synthèse [The Byzantine Personalities of the Alexiad: Prosopographical Analysis and Synthesis] (in French). Louvain-la-Neuve
Constantine Euphorbenos Katakalon
Constantine_Euphorbenos_Katakalon
12th-century Bogomil leader
of the only primary document that details Basil's trial and death, the Alexiad. Alexander Kazhdan has dated the execution to around the year 1111. According
Basil_the_Physician
Greek mythical character
children. Mormo as an object of fear for infants was even recorded in the Alexiad written by a Byzantine princess around the First Crusade. A mormo or a
Mormo
11th-century Byzantine military leader and martyr
gr/. Retrieved 1 October 2012. Vryonis 1971, p. 360. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, translated E.R.A. Sewter, Penguin Classics, 1969 George Finlay, History
Theodore_Gabras
12th-century Greek monk and commentator on the Bible
and his daughter Anna Comnena, who extols his learning and piety in her Alexiad. He also wrote a commentary on the Psalms, one on the four gospels, and
Euthymios_Zigabenos
Roman imperial bodyguards
these contexts after circa 1075, and by the time Anna Komnene wrote her Alexiad in the early 12th century, a spatharios was held to be completely insignificant
Spatharios
Romance-speaking populations in the Balkans
Vlach settlement called Exeva in Macedonia. Anna Komnene mentions in her Alexiad that in 1091 Emperor Alexios ordered Nikephoros Melissenos to raise an
Vlachs
French noble (1057–1101)
Arnout II, Count of Aarschot. According to Anna Comnena's chronicle the Alexiad, Hugh sent a message (that she called absurd) to her father, Byzantine
Hugh,_Count_of_Vermandois
Governor of Dyrrhachium
title of sebastos. Almost the only details about his life come from the Alexiad, written by his cousin, Anna Komnene. He is first mentioned in the spring
Alexios Komnenos (governor of Dyrrhachium)
Alexios_Komnenos_(governor_of_Dyrrhachium)
Byzantine prince and military commander (1091–1130/31)
manuscript, 18 September 1091, but according to Skoulatos, the narrative of the Alexiad, written by his oldest sister Anna Komnene, seems to indicate that in 1116
Andronikos Komnenos (son of Alexios I)
Andronikos_Komnenos_(son_of_Alexios_I)
1078 battle in present-day Turkey
captured. The battle is known through two detailed accounts, Anna Komnene's Alexiad, and her husband Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger's Material for History
Battle_of_Kalavrye
Count of Roucy
Mortcerf to the abbey of Saint-Martin at Pontoise. Anna Komnene, in the Alexiad, records the marriage of the youngest daughter of Robert Guiscard to a
Ebles_II_of_Roucy
Christian sect formed in 7th century Armenia
in 1081 but subsequently deserted the emperor and were imprisoned. The Alexiad, written by the emperor's daughter Anna, reports that Alexios I succeeded
Paulicianism
Military and administrative division of the Byzantine Empire
p. 483 McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001, pp. 170–171 Anna Komnene, Alexiad 13.12 Zakythinos 1948, p. 7 Zakythinos 1948, p. 12 Angold 1975, p. 247
Theme_(Byzantine_district)
Medieval stage of the Greek language
like Psellos's Chronography (in the middle of the 11th century) or the Alexiad, the biography of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos written by his daughter Anna
Medieval_Greek
(Αλβανοι) mentioned in Michael Attaliates The History around AD 1080. In her Alexiad, Anna Comnena also mentions a settlement called Albanon or Arbanon. Both
List of country-name etymologies
List_of_country-name_etymologies
Long bladed weapon
The Sword. Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 1-60520-436-6. Comnena, Anna (1928). The Alexiad (Archived 6 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine). Ed. and trans. Elizabeth
Sword
Slavic and Greek designation of Vikings
sources Russian Primary Chronicle Strategikon of Kekaumenos by Kekaumenos Alexiad by Anna Komnena Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus by John Kinnamos Historia
Varangians
Castle in Anatolia
from Nicaea. The Greek name Xerigordos is known only from Anna Komnene's Alexiad (Χ.6.2), where it is in the accusative form τὴν Ξερίγορδον (Xerigordon)
Xerigordos
Byzantine navy). Philokales's career is known both through his mention in the Alexiad and through his surviving seals of office. These trace his ascent from
Eumathios_Philokales
Armenian noble
Anna Komnene in her Alexiad, highlighting Aspietes' valour. The name "Aspietes" appears in two different portions of the Alexiad, and it is not entirely
Aspietes (general under Alexios I)
Aspietes_(general_under_Alexios_I)
Byzantine general
the Doukai supported the Komnenian cause. According to Anna Komnene's Alexiad, father and son even met during the Komnenian forces' entry into Constantinople
Nikephoros_Palaiologos
Criminal punishment used against rivals
Analyse prosopographique et synthèse [The Byzantine Personalities of the Alexiad: Prosopographical Analysis and Synthesis] (in French). Louvain-la-Neuve
Political mutilation in Byzantine culture
Political_mutilation_in_Byzantine_culture
Administrative region of Greece
the 11th century, in the Strategikon of Kekaumenos and Anna Komnene's Alexiad. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela records the
Thessaly
Duke of Apulia and Calabria (1015–1085)
(New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1913), p. 316 Lock 2006, p. 486. The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, Trans. (from the Greek) E.R.A. Sewter (London & New York:
Robert_Guiscard
City in the Aegean region of Turkey
p. 162. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-06-21. Anna Komnene. Alexiad, VII.8 Brand, Charles M. (1991). "Tzachas". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.)
İzmir
Army of the Byzantine Empire, 1081–1204
soldier and a wealthy kataphraktos could be very well armoured indeed. The Alexiad relates that when the emperor Alexios was simultaneously thrust at from
Byzantine army (Komnenian era)
Byzantine_army_(Komnenian_era)
Lance that pierced Jesus' side as he hung on the cross
Retrieved 17 February 2024 – via Google Books. Anna Comnena (2009). The Alexiad. Translated by Sewter, E. R. A. London: Penguin. Retrieved 17 February
Holy_Lance
12th-century Byzantine aristocrat
second daughter, and raised to the rank of panhypersebastos. From the Alexiad, he is known to have participated in combat against the Cumans in 1095
Nikephoros_Katakalon
Ethnic group native to the Balkans
the 11th century, in the Strategikon of Kekaumenos and Anna Komnene's Alexiad, in the area of Thessaly. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller Benjamin
Aromanians
1096–1099 Christian re-conquest of the Holy Land
Important related works include the Greek perspective offered in the Alexiad by Byzantine princess Anna Komnene, daughter of the emperor. The view of
First_Crusade
settlement (qualified as πολίχνιον, "small town") first appears in the Alexiad as the place where the usurper Constantine Diogenes was captured in 1095
Poutza
Christian relic believed to have belonged to Mary
gradually superseded by that of Marian icons. Alexios' biography, the Alexiad is one of the last works to refer to the maphorion of Mary as an actual
Virgin's_veil
Byzantine emperor from 1070 to 1071
characteristics, such as natural charm, magnetic personality, and good looks. In her Alexiad, Anna Komnene, the daughter of Alexios, describes him: He was physically
Nikephoros_Diogenes
Founder of the Sultanate of Rum
Saljuq Turks. Translated by Richards, D.S. Routledge. Komnena, Anna. "The Alexiad". Medieval Sourcebook. Fordham University. Retrieved 23 April 2022. Leiser
Suleiman_ibn_Qutalmish
French leader of the People's Crusade (1050–1115/31)
surnames did not develop until after his time. According to Anna Komnene's Alexiad (1148), Peter attempted a pilgrimage to Jerusalem before 1096, but was
Peter_the_Hermit
King of Jerusalem from 1100 to 1118
pp. 7–8. Murray 2000, p. 63. Runciman 1989a, p. 152. Anna Comnena: The Alexiad (10.10.), p. 325. Runciman 1989a, p. 153. Edgington 2019, p. 13. Tyerman
Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem
Romanian-speaking population in Serbia
The Vlachs in the Danubian region are mentioned by Anna Komnene in The Alexiad when the Cumans crossed the Danube around 1094. In 1154, the Arabic geographer
Vlachs_of_Serbia
Title granted to Byzantine (and later other) princes
UK: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300098297. Comnena, Anna (2003), The Alexiad, London: Penguin, pp. 196, 219, ISBN 0-14-044958-2. "Liudprand of Cremona
Born_in_the_purple
University Press. p. 607. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2. Komnene, Anna (2009). The Alexiad. Translated by Sewter, E. R. A. London: Penguin Classics. pp. 136–138.
List of wars involving the Seljuk States
List_of_wars_involving_the_Seljuk_States
Byzantine general
Anna; Edgar Robert Ashton Sewter (1969). "XLVIII-The First Crusade". The Alexiad of Anna Comnena translated by Edgar Robert Ashton Sewter. Penguin Classics
Tatikios
Place in Shumen, Bulgaria
Komnene mentions Preslav under the hellenised name Megale Peristhlaba in her Alexiad. Although the city did not lose its importance in the next three hundred
Veliki_Preslav
City in the Black Sea region of Turkey
[citation needed] Amaseia was also referenced in the first book of the Alexiad. Amaseia was the town where Emperor Alexios I Komnenos received the Norman
Amasya
Byzantine general of the 11th century, mentioned by Anna Komnene in the Alexiad. Ioannes Branas, Byzantine general under emperor Andronikos I Komnenos
Branas
Administrative division of the Byzantine Empire
century, it already stopped being a separate Theme. Anna Komnene in her Alexiad mentions Constantine Gabras as the commandant of Philadelphia. In the end
Theme_of_Philadelphia
Ephesus. Janin 1964, pp. 118–119. Kazhdan 1991, p. 1939. Anna Komnene,The Alexiad, Book XIV, Chapter IV, translator Elizabeth Dawes Kazhdan 1991, p. 2137
Tzykanisterion
Alexios I Komnenos. He is only known from a few brief references in the Alexiad. In 1098, he was a subaltern of the megas doux John Doukas during the latter's
Petzeas
Byzantine noblewoman
did not stop Anna's intrigues against the new regime. As stated in the Alexiad, when Isaac and Alexios left Constantinople in mid-February 1081 to raise
Anna_Dalassene
Analyse prosopographique et synthèse [The Byzantine Personalities of the Alexiad: Prosopographical Analysis and Synthesis] (in French). Louvain-la-Neuve
Nicholas_Maurokatakalon
Part of the First Crusade (1097)
of history of the University of Pennsylvania. pp. 5–7. Anna Comnena, Alexiad Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana Gesta Francorum (anonymous)
Siege_of_Nicaea
Byzantine emperor from 1143 to 1180
University Press – via Archive.org. Komnene, Anna (1969) [c. 1148]. The Alexiad of Anna Comnena. Translated by Sewter, E. R. A. Penguin Classics. ISBN 9780141904542
Manuel_I_Komnenos
Daughter of Georgian king (11th-century)
anonymous "Alan" woman of "very good birth" known from Anna Komnene's Alexiad to have married, as his second wife, the Byzantine nobleman Theodore Gabras
Mariam (daughter of Bagrat IV of Georgia)
Mariam_(daughter_of_Bagrat_IV_of_Georgia)
Komnene (1083–1183, Byzantium), chronicler & emperor's daughter in Greek; Alexiad Usher Komugisha (b. c. 1988, Uganda), sports journalist & commentator Marie
List_of_women_writers_(A–L)
Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078
Histories. Pseudo-John Skylitzes. Scylitzes Continuatus. Anna Komnene. The Alexiad. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm
Michael_VII_Doukas
Seljuk Sultan of Rum
ISBN 90-04-11710-5. Komnene (Comnena), Anna; Sewter, Edgar Robert Ashton (1969). The Alexiad of Anna Comnena translated by Edgar Robert Ashton Sewter. Penguin Classics
Malik_Shah_of_Rum
Reader Agapē Agape by William Gaddis The Age of Alexander by Plutarch The Alexiad by Anna Comnena The Age of Bede The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Agnes
List_of_Penguin_Classics
of what is known about Isaac’s military career is from Anna Komnene’s Alexiad where he is depicted as incompetent during the second Norman invasion of
Isaac_Kontostephanos
Byzantine historian (c.1143–c.1185)
of a history that covered the years 1118–1176, thereby continuing the Alexiad of Anna Komnene, and covering the reigns of John II and Manuel I, until
John_Kinnamos
1108 treaty following the First Crusade
to Alexios (Anna Komnene, The Alexiad, XIII, 349). Anna Komnene, The Alexiad, XIII, 348–358 Anna Komnene, The Alexiad, XIII, 349–350 * Norwich, Byzantium:The
Treaty_of_Devol
Byzantine empress from 1081 to 1118
New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, trans. E.R.A. Sewter. Penguin Books, 1969. Choniates, Nicetas (1984).
Irene_Doukaina
Byzantine empress from 1104 to 1134
(1106 – 1142), co-emperor from 1119 to 1142. His birth is recorded in the Alexiad by Anna Komnene. Maria Komnene (1106 – 1144/51), twin to Alexios, who married
Irene_of_Hungary
10th-11th centuries Byzantine Empire territory
Asbridge 2000, p. 132. Todt 2000, pp. 495-496. Salas 2024, p. 385. "The Alexiad/Book XIII - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved
Duchy_of_Antioch
porpherogennetou kaisarisses Alexias (1729). Translation of Anna Komnene's Alexiad. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (1646–1716)
List of early modern works on the Crusades
List_of_early_modern_works_on_the_Crusades
Extinct Turkic people
Findings in the Aral Region. — Nukus: Karakalpakstan, 2001. Anna Comnena: The Alexiad (Translated by E. R. A. Sewter) (1969). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044958-7
Pechenegs
Medieval king of Duklja, and temporary of Bulgaria
Comnena, Anna (1928). "The Alexiad, translated by Elizabeth A. S. Dawes". Fordham University. Comnena, Anna (2000) [1927]. The Alexiad, translated by Elizabeth
Constantine_Bodin
Count of Flanders from 1071 to 1093
First Crusade (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 32 The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, Trans. E.R.A. Sewter (London: The Penguin Group, 1969)
Robert_I_of_Flanders
became the ancestor of the Raoul/Ralles family. Both Anna Komnene, in her Alexiad, and Nicholas Kallikles, in a eulogy written for Roger's funeral, relate
Roger_(son_of_Dagobert)
inter-marry or leave for another country of their choice. Anna Komnena in her Alexiad mentions a Pecheneg chief named Khalis. Abraham Harkavy hypothesized that
Khalyzians
Ethnogenesis of Romanians
4), p. 115. Vásáry 2005, p. 20. Anna Comnena: The Alexiad (8.3.), p. 252. Anna Comnena: The Alexiad (10.3.), p. 298. Vásáry 2005, p. 21. Curta 2006, p
Origin_of_the_Romanians
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