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Process by which a gene can code for multiple proteins
Alternative splicing, alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single
Alternative_splicing
Process in molecular biology
of RNA splicing occur in nature; the type of splicing depends on the structure of the spliced intron and the catalysts required for splicing to occur
RNA_splicing
Different products from the same gene
However, such transcripts are also produced by splicing errors in a process called "noisy splicing," and are also potentially translated into protein
Isoform
RNA produced by transcription
expression. Alternative splicing can be affected by various factors, including mutations such as chromosomal translocation. In prokaryotes, splicing is done
Primary_transcript
Argentine molecular biologist
is an Argentine molecular biologist who specializes in alternative ribonucleic acid splicing. During his postdoctoral training with Francisco Baralle
Alberto_Kornblihtt
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) also known as alternative splicing factor 1 (ASF1), pre-mRNA-splicing factor SF2 (SF2) or ASF1/SF2 is a
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1
Serine/arginine-rich_splicing_factor_1
Rare congenital neuromuscular disorder
due to a variation in a single nucleotide (840.C→T) – undergoes alternative splicing at the junction of intron 6 to exon 8, with only 10–20% of SMN2 transcripts
Spinal_muscular_atrophy
Lab technique in cellular biology
multiple alternative splicing modes: exon skipping (most common splicing mode in humans and higher eukaryotes), mutually exclusive exons, alternative donor
RNA-Seq
structure plots of alternative splicing events from .bam, .gtf, and .vcf files. SpliceR An R package for classification of alternative splicing and prediction
List of RNA-Seq bioinformatics tools
List_of_RNA-Seq_bioinformatics_tools
Type of protein
exclusion during splicing. These sites are referred to as exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs), exonic splicing silencers (ESSs), intronic splicing enhancers (ISEs)
RNA-binding_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
be generated through two primary mechanisms: Alternative Splicing: In this mechanism, alternative splicing of the RAGE gene produces a variant that lacks
RAGE_(receptor)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
alternative splicing of multiple exons to generate fsTnT variants, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detected more than 40 different fsTnT splice forms
TNNT3
Part of a gene that is spliced away
relevant, alternative splicing and processing noise due to splicing errors. One of the central issues in the field of alternative splicing is working out the
Intron
abundance of alternative splicing, which occurs in most human genes, and the specificity in which splicing is carried out in vivo. Splicing is distinctly
Minigene
Concept in biology
to a sequence could impact splicing, this process may result in changing the identity of introns and exons; alternatively, the sequence may retain its
Evolutionary_tinkering
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Muscleblind Like Splicing Regulator 1 (MBNL1) is an RNA splicing protein that in humans is encoded by the MBNL1 gene. It has a well characterized role
MBNL1
and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA
SR_protein
Human gene
isoforms due to splicing. Two of those are truncated on the 3' end of the protein from 266aa and 396aa. Additional location of alternative splice sites are
ODR4
Biochemical changes to RNA
alternative splicing compared to genes that code a single isoform. This is because alternatively spliced mRNAs are enriched in METTL3 binding sites. Splicing is
Epitranscriptome
transcribed into mRNA, the MAFA strand was also found to undergo alternative splicing which has allowed various forms of the MAFA protein to be translated
MAFA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encodes several distinct DNA ligase species by alternative translation initiation and alternative splicing mechanisms that are described below. Eukaryotic
DNA_ligase_3
Protein family
of splicing factors. In D. melanogaster, Sxl exerts its effects primarily through post-transcriptional regulation, specifically alternative splicing and
Sex-lethal
2008–2012 European database of transcript variants
initiation, polyadenylation and splicing variant data. Alternative Splicing Annotation Project AspicDB RNA splicing Koscielny, Gautier; Le Texier, Vincent;
Alternative Splicing and Transcript Diversity database
Alternative_Splicing_and_Transcript_Diversity_database
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The primary function is regulation of alternative splicing of associated genes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for
RBFOX1
2003–2013 UCLA database for alternative splicing data
Alternative Splicing Annotation Project (ASAP) in computational biology was a database for alternative splicing data maintained by the University of California
Alternative Splicing Annotation Project
Alternative_Splicing_Annotation_Project
DNA sequencing
still remains an important challenge. As a consequence, the role of alternative splicing in molecular biology remains largely elusive. Third generation sequencing
Third-generation_sequencing
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
chromosome at Xp11.23 in humans. RBM10 is a regulator of alternative splicing. Alternative splicing is a process associated with gene expression to produce
RBM10
Protein gene product
while APH1B is found on chromosome 15q22.2. Both genes exhibit alternative splicing, leading to the generation of multiple transcript variants that enhance
APH-1
Protein fragment in Homo sapiens
proteolytic activity of T.A.C.E. In humans, studies have shown that alternative splicing of the GHR gene can lead to increased rates of proteolysis. For example
Growth hormone-binding protein
Growth_hormone-binding_protein
genomes and is hypothesized to regulate gene expression through alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). The DEAD RNA motif was identified
DEAD_RNA_motif
Protein found in humans
pacemaking. Post-transcriptional alternative splicing of Cav1.3 is an extensive and vital regulatory mechanism. Alternative splicing can significantly affect
Cav1.3
Virus classification system made by David Baltimore
specific Baltimore groups. This includes the use of RNA editing and alternative splicing, whether the virus's genome is segmented, the size and structure
Baltimore_classification
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The alternative splice forms of ssTnT play a role in skeletal muscle adaptation in physiologic and pathological conditions. Alternative splicing at alternative
TNNT1
Theory that RNA plays an independent role in determining phenotype
translation of messenger RNA. Splicing is the process by which non-coding regions of RNA are removed. The number and combination of splicing events varies greatly
RNA-based_evolution
Non-coding RNA involved in alternative splicing
RNA in the minor spliceosome protein complex, which activates the alternative splicing mechanism. The minor spliceosome is associated with similar protein
U11_spliceosomal_RNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
kinase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DYRK1A gene. Alternative splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants differing from
DYRK1A
Gene of insects
gene is expressed in both male and female flies and is subject to alternative splicing, producing the protein isoforms dsxf in females and the longer dsxm
Doublesex
Biological phenomenon
regulated unproductive splicing and translation (RUST) was proposed based on the finding that many (~one-third) alternatively spliced transcripts contain
Poison_exon
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 9, also known as SFRS9, is a human gene encoding an SR protein involved in splice site selection in alternative
SFRS9
metabolism. A change in splicing can be caused by modifying any of the components of the splicing machinery such as splice sites or splice enhancers or silencers
SNP_annotation
SpliceInfo is a database for the four major alternative-splicing modes (exon skipping, 5'-alternative splicing, 3'-alternative splicing and intron retention)
SpliceInfo
Part of a gene
Exitrons (exonic introns) are produced through alternative splicing and have characteristics of both introns and exons, but are described as retained introns
Exitron
Genus of viruses
bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place
Alphabaculovirus
Largest known protein in human muscles
entirely, alternative splicing creates some transcripts that do not encounter the premature stop codon, ameliorating its effect. mRNA splicing factors such
Titin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
restrictive and dilated cardiomyopathy. Transcripts for this gene undergo alternative splicing that results in many tissue-specific isoforms, however, the full-length
TNNT2
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
single large mRNAs, alternative splicing enables a single genomic region to encode multiple distinct products and trans-splicing concatenates mRNAs from
Gene
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
demonstrated to be involved in the alternative splicing of mRNAs implicated in normal neurogenesis using splicing-sensitive microarrays. Sam68 was also
KHDRBS1
Conversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products
is RNA splicing. The majority of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs consist of alternating segments called exons and introns. During the process of splicing, an RNA-protein
Gene_expression
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transcription of the gene produces three different mRNAs, two of which are alternatively spliced variants, while the third is an unspliced form. All three variants
C11orf86
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and beta sheets. TMEM53 has 3 exons. Twelve alternative splice forms have been identified using 26 alternative exons. The following table includes the predicted
Transmembrane_protein_53
Cell-surface glycoprotein
determined. Alternative splicing is the basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor metastasis. Splice variants
CD44
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
nucleus and the organization of the gene-expression machinery splicing snRNPs and other splicing proteins necessary for pre-mRNA processing. Because of a cell's
Cell_nucleus
Antibody isotype
diverse with amplifications of Cδ exons. Different splice variants exist due to alternative splicing. In humans and primates, IgD has three Cδ domains
Immunoglobulin_D
Protein
alternative splicing, and certain splice variants of neuroligins and neurexins are more selective for one another. Specific pairing of splice variants also
Neuroligin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Unlike the invertebrate Numb gene, the mammalian Numb gene undergoes alternative splicing to produce at least four functionally different Numb isoforms. While
NUMB_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in humans
similar proteins. The variant used for this article was Variant 1. The splicing is shown below. The protein made by C20orf96 is 363 amino acids in length
C20orf96
Gene of the species Homo sapiens
RBFOX3 gene. It is related to the alternative splicing factors Rbfox1 and Rbfox2, but instead of its involvement in splicing, it is most well known as the
RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3
RNA_binding_protein,_fox-1_homolog_(C._elegans)_3
Medical condition
splicing. SON also plays a key role in alternative splicing of exons. SON is required for genome stability by ensuring the efficiency of RNA splicing
ZTTK_syndrome
Eukaryotic RNA transcript
which cleaves the RNA at the splicing site and recombines the exons of the RNA. Similar to polyadenylation, alternative splicing can occur, resulting in several
Mature_messenger_RNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ATPIF1 gene. This gene encodes a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding distinct
ATPIF1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
variant 1, the second transcript variant lacks exons 4 and 5. This alternative splicing results in a frameshift of the 3' coding region, and a shorter, unique
C16orf95
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
MAPK1, PRMT5, CDK1, CDK4, β-catenin, and UBXD8 for ubiquitination. Alternative splicing of UBE3A results in three isoforms or variants of UBE3A with varying
Angelman_syndrome
Protein
Chromosome 1 open reading frame 141, or C1orf141 is a protein which, in humans, is encoded by gene C1orf141. It is a precursor protein that becomes active
C1orf141
Region of a transcribed gene present in the final functional mRNA molecule
RNA splicing. The term exon refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. In RNA splicing, introns
Exon
Type of RNA found in cells
examples of alternative splicing is in the Drosophila DSCAM gene, which can give rise to approximately 30 thousand distinct alternatively spliced isoforms
Circular_RNA
conserved GUGUGU sequence that encompasses the 5′ splice site of a cassette exon involved in alternative splicing. The 3' side of the stem contains a long conserved
PTB2_RNA_motif
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
alternate, overlapping exons, and the retention of introns. Besides alternative splicing, the mRNAs differ by truncation on the 3’ end. Variant 1 is one of
HIKESHI
Study of RNA transcripts
are longer than those of high-density arrays and cannot identify alternative splicing events. Spotted arrays use two different fluorophores to label the
Transcriptomics_technologies
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
have a variable five prime untranslated region (5'UTR) generated from splicing variation of exons A, B, C, and D. At least 10 forms of human SFTPA1 and
Surfactant_protein_A1
British biochemist (born 1943)
Cold Spring Harbor Phillip Allen Sharp. Roberts's discovery of the alternative splicing of genes, in particular, has had a profound impact on the study and
Richard_J._Roberts
Protein found in humans
produces four different mRNAs: three alternatively spliced variants and one unspliced form. The three alternatively spliced mRNAs give rise to three known protein
CCDC121
transcripts, such as alternative splicing. Since a genome contains the sum of all introns and exons that may be present in a transcript, spliced variants that
De novo transcriptome assembly
De_novo_transcriptome_assembly
Protein-coding gene in humans
approximately 58 kilobases in length. BEND2 contains 14 exons which undergo alternative splicing to create five transcript variants that vary from 4,720 base pairs
BEND2
Formation of muscular tissue, particularly during embryonic development
significance of alternative splicing was elucidated using microarrary analysis of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. 95 alternative splicing events occur during
Myogenesis
Peptide hormone in animals
known as CGRP II). α-CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide formed by alternative splicing of the calcitonin/CGRP gene located on chromosome 11. β-CGRP is less
Calcitonin gene-related peptide
Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
features can be placed in known locations on a single DNA microarray. The alternative bead array is a collection of microscopic polystyrene beads, each with
DNA_microarray
Chemical process in which a methyl (CH3) group is covalently attached to a molecule
including cancer. In honey bees, DNA methylation is associated with alternative splicing and gene regulation based on functional genomic research published
Methylation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by alternative splicing and 4 of which are unspliced. Of these variants there are 4 probable alternative promoters, 9 non-overlapping alternative last
Morn_repeat_containing_1
Virus of the herpes family
after transplantation. All EBV nuclear proteins are produced by alternative splicing of a transcript starting at either the Cp or Wp promoters at the
Epstein–Barr_virus
Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
5' cap and a poly-A tail to the pre-mRNA chain, followed by splicing. Alternative splicing occurs when appropriate, increasing the diversity of the proteins
Central dogma of molecular biology
Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
exons generated three large tandem arrays that are alternatively spliced. This alternative splicing of individual exon sequences within an array occurs
DSCAM
Class of ribonucleic acid that is not translated into proteins
that snoRNAs can also regulate the alternative splicing of mRNA, for example snoRNA HBII-52 regulates the splicing of serotonin receptor 2C. In nematodes
Non-coding_RNA
Class of small RNA molecules
snoRNAs regulate alternatively spliced transcripts. For example, it appears that the C/D box snoRNA SNORD115 regulates the alternative splicing of the serotonin
Small_nucleolar_RNA
Group of protein isoforms involved in enamel development
Amelogenins are a group of protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing or proteolysis from the AMELX gene, on the X chromosome, and also the AMELY
Amelogenin
Protein-coding gene in humans
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRSF2 gene. MDS-associated splicing factor SRSF2 affects the expression
SRSF2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Splicing factor U2AF 35 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the U2AF1 gene. This gene belongs to the splicing factor SR family of genes
U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1
U2_small_nuclear_RNA_auxiliary_factor_1
Maturation process joining exons from different pre-mRNAs into a mature mRNA
transcripts are spliced together to form a chimeric mRNA. Alternative trans-splicing includes intragenic trans-splicing and intergenic trans-splicing. Intragenic
Trans-splicing
and the presence of 5’ cap allows ribosome binding for translation. RNA splicing allows the expression of various protein variants from the same gene. Specific
Trans-regulatory_element
Primary cholinesterase in the body
transcribed products from the sole mammalian gene arises from alternative mRNA splicing and post-translational associations of catalytic and structural
Acetylcholinesterase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These studies suggest that such alternative splicing could play a role in the disease and lend themselves to further investigation
Peripherin
Protein-coding gene in Homo sapiens
cardiac muscle development and postnatal maturation of T-tubules. Alternative splicing of BIN1 generates numerous transcript variants encoding distinct
BIN1
thaliana, the motif overlaps a cassette exon that participates in alternative splicing. Although the original structural prediction appeared promising,
BPM_RNA_motif
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
to the TUPLE1 locus and outside the DiGeorge syndrome deletion. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants. GRCh38: Ensembl
SMTN
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
acts in the nucleus to regulate splicing and transcription. TIA1 helps to recruit the splicesome to regulate RNA splicing, and it inhibits transcription
TIA1
Addition of adenylic acids to 3' end of mature mRNA
more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing. The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear
Polyadenylation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Nova regulates GABA(A) receptor gamma2 alternative splicing via a distal downstream UCAU-rich intronic splicing enhancer". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (13): 4687–700
NOVA1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
that is thought to function in cell–cell recognition and adhesion. Alternative splicing yields isoforms with unique cytoplasmic tails. GRCh38: Ensembl release
PCDH7
Chemical compound (polypeptide neurotransmitter)
neurokinin A (NKA) are produced from a polyprotein precursor after alternative splicing of the preprotachykinin A gene. It is an undecapeptide (a peptide
Substance_P
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
999-1400, 999-1436, 999-1404. and 999-1463 of the mRNA sequence. Alternative splicing produces two known isoforms of the human protein. They are XP_006711141
C1orf167
Group of six protein isoforms produced from the MAPT gene
form a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the gene MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau). They have
Tau_protein
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Eade.Scottish and Irish : alternate Anglicization of Gaelic Mac Aoidh (see McKay).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pleasing. An alternative name of the Hindu Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
French
A feminine form of Charles, meaning man. Alternate meaning, tiny and feminine. Famous bearers:...
Boy/Male
Hindu
Pleasing. An alternative name of the Hindu Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Leader; Born to Win as a Leader; Lord Ayyapa's Alternative Name
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful, River in bangladesh, Alternatively, Impeccable beauty
Girl/Female
Indian
Beautiful, River in bangladesh, Alternatively, Impeccable beauty
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Cool; Alternative of Vimal
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Alternate of Bakshish
Boy/Male
Tamil
Variant of michelle. alternate spelling: Misha, Mishaye. smile
Girl/Female
Indian
Beautiful, River in bangladesh, Alternatively, Impeccable beauty
Boy/Male
Tamil
Alternate name of Arjun
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, German
Alternative of God
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful, River in bangladesh, Alternatively, Impeccable beauty
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. A less common alternative spelling is Fewson. This name is found mainly in KY, OH, TN, and IN.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Variant of michelle. alternate spelling: Misha, Mishaye. smile
Boy/Male
Hindu
Alternate name of Arjun
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Pashtun
Very Sweet; Alternate Forms Sherinai or Sherina
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Pleasing; An Alternative Name for the Hindu God Vishnu
Girl/Female
French American
A feminine form of Charles, meaning man or manly. Alternate meaning, tiny and feminine.
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
Boy/Male
Hindu
Well defined body
Girl/Female
Tamil
Keeping, Protecting
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada
Very Handsome
Girl/Female
Irish
Little fire.
Boy/Male
Scottish
Surname meaning loyal.
Biblical
flower garden
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Town Dweller; Lives in Town
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Life; Alive
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Lord of the Spoken Word
Biblical
speaking; exalting; bitter; a lamb;projecting; eloquent;
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
n.
Alternateness; alternation.
imp. & p. p.
of Alternate
n.
Either of two things or propositions offered to one's choice. Thus when two things offer a choice of one only, the two things are called alternatives.
a.
Offering a choice of two things.
adv.
In the manner of alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two things.
n.
Succession by turns; alternation.
n.
A choice between more than two things; one of several things offered to choose among.
a.
Alternate; reciprocal.
n.
Alternate succession; alternation; a mingling.
a.
Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second; as, the alternate members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. ; read every alternate line.
n.
An offer of two things, one of which may be chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left.
n.
An argument which presents an antagonist with two or more alternatives, but is equally conclusive against him, whichever alternative he chooses.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Alternate
a.
Characterized by wrangling; scolding.
n.
The course of action or the thing offered in place of another.
n.
An alterative.
n.
Successive course; opportunity enjoyed by alternation with another or with others, or in due order; due chance; alternate or incidental occasion; appropriate time.
v. i.
To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; -- followed by with; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate with each other.
a.
Disjunctive; as, an alternative conjunction.
n.
The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; as, the alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear.