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Classification of secretion of exocrine glands
Apocrine (/ˈæpəkrɪn/) is a term used to classify the mode of secretion of exocrine glands. In apocrine secretion, secretory cells accumulate material at
Apocrine
Odor produced by a living animal
secretions. Humans have three types of sweat glands: eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands. Eccrine sweat glands are present from
Body_odor
Small sweat-producing tubular skin structures
water-based secretion represents a primary form of cooling in humans. Apocrine sweat glands are mostly limited to the axillae (armpits) and perineal area
Sweat_gland
One of several types of glands, in humans and other animals, that secrete sweat
An apocrine sweat gland (/ˈæpəkrən, -ˌkraɪn, -ˌkriːn/; from Greek apo 'away' and krinein 'to separate') is composed of a coiled secretory portion located
Apocrine_sweat_gland
Type of animal organ
glands) Apocrine glands – a portion of the secreting cell's body is lost during secretion. The term Apocrine gland is often used to refer to the apocrine sweat
Gland
Human disease
believed to be caused by hair follicles being obstructed, with the nearby apocrine sweat glands being strongly implicated in this obstruction. The sweat glands
Hidradenitis_suppurativa
Mole or birthmark; visible, circumscribed, chronic skin lesion
Verrucous epidermal nevus Nevus sebaceous Nevus comedonicus Eccrine nevus Apocrine nevus Connective tissue nevi represent abnormalities of collagen in the
Nevus
Fluid secreted from sudoriferous glands
Two types of sweat glands can be found in humans: eccrine glands and apocrine glands. The eccrine sweat glands are distributed over much of the body
Perspiration
Medical condition
Pure apocrine carcinoma of the breast (PACB) is a rare carcinoma derived from the epithelial cells in the lactiferous ducts of the mammary gland. The mammary
Pure apocrine carcinoma of the breast
Pure_apocrine_carcinoma_of_the_breast
Cancer of epithelial cells with glandular origin or characteristics
Adenocarcinoma (AC) is a type of cancer made of cells from glands. They can occur in many parts of the body. Adenocarcinomas are part of a larger grouping
Adenocarcinoma
Gland that secretes substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct
sweat glands are part of the integumentary system; they have merocrine and apocrine types. Exocrine glands contain a glandular portion and a duct portion,
Exocrine_gland
Biochemistry
bacteria. There are three types of sweat glands: eccrine, apocrine, and apoeccrine. Apocrine glands are primarily responsible for body malodor and, along
Biochemistry_of_body_odor
Medical condition
folliculosebaceous-apocrine hamartoma, also known as follicular-apocrine hamartoma, is a benign proliferation of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit. List of
Folliculosebaceous-apocrine hamartoma
Folliculosebaceous-apocrine_hamartoma
Secretion used by some birds to feed their young
non-sex specific in response to brooding unlike in mammals where milk is an apocrine secretion. Crop milk contains both fat and protein, as with mammalian milk
Crop_milk
specialized glands within the human integumentary system that are derived from apocrine or sebaceous gland precursors. There are no specialized variants of eccrine
List of glands of the human body
List_of_glands_of_the_human_body
Secretory mechanism
product and no part of the gland is lost or damaged (compare holocrine and apocrine). The term eccrine is specifically used to designate merocrine secretions
Merocrine
Medical condition
changes include fibroadenomas, fibrosis, papillomas of the breast, and apocrine-type metaplasia. Management may involve education about the condition,
Fibrocystic_breast_changes
Exocrine gland in humans and other mammals
type of apocrine gland specialized for manufacture of colostrum (first milk) when giving birth. Mammary glands can be identified as apocrine because they
Mammary_gland
Term used to classify the mode of secretion in exocrine glands in the study of histology
type of secretion, with merocrine secretion being the least damaging and apocrine secretion falling in between. Examples of holocrine glands include the
Holocrine
Layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues
addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands), apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels, nerves and blood vessels are present in the
Dermis
Organ found in mammalian skin
infundibulum, the arrector pili muscles, the sebaceous glands, and the apocrine sweat glands. Hair follicle receptors sense the position of the hair. Attached
Hair_follicle
Physiological theory on human attraction
vomeronasal organ. Axillary steroids are produced by the testicles, ovaries, apocrine glands and adrenal glands. These chemicals are not biologically active
Human_sex_pheromones
Medical condition
friction. The apocrine glands (sweat glands) are the site of the Fox–Fordyce disease. Sudden appearance of raised bumps (papules) near the apocrine glands is
Fox–Fordyce_disease
Epithelial cells that secrete mucins
merocrine method of secretion, secreting vesicles into a duct, but may use apocrine methods, budding off their secretions, when under stress. The term goblet
Goblet_cell
Medical condition
and black sweat have been reported. Usually, chromhidrosis affects the apocrine glands, mainly on the face and underarms. A limited number of treatment
Chromhidrosis
Anatomical term
which oils the hair), sweat glands (can secrete sweat with strong odour (apocrine) or with a faint odour (merocrine or eccrine), and nails (protection).
Skin_appendage
External genitalia of the female mammal
pubarche may be seen as a marker for these later endocrine disorders. Apocrine sweat glands secrete sweat into the pubic hair follicles. This is broken
Vulva
Protein found in humans
presence of underarm osmidrosis (odor associated with sweat caused by apocrine secretion), and is associated with colostrum secretion. The protein encoded
ABCC11
Bulge in the plasma membrane of a cell
death), but they are also seen in other non-apoptotic functions, including apocrine secretion (cell secretion by disintegration of part of a cell). Blebbing
Bleb_(cell_biology)
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
suppurativa, a recurring infective condition arising from blockage of apocrine ducts opening into hair follicles. Shuster went on to consider the potential
Karl_Marx
Medical condition
An Apocrine nevus is an extremely rare cutaneous condition that is composed of hyperplastic mature apocrine glands. Apocrine nevi present as a nodular
Apocrine_nevus
Malignant tumor found in dogs
uncommon and aggressive malignant tumor found in dogs that arises from the apocrine glandular tissue of anal sac. The disease exists in cats as well, but is
Anal_sac_adenocarcinoma
Type of biological cell polarity
cytoplasm towards the lumen. They are found normally in apocrine cells, and can also appear in apocrine metaplasia and columnar cell changes in the breast
Epithelial_polarity
Parts of the vulva
outer surfaces of the labia majora contain sebaceous glands (oil glands), apocrine sweat glands, and eccrine sweat glands. The labia majora have fewer superficial
Labia
Itchy skin rash due to clogged sweat glands
Miliaria, commonly known as heat rash, sweat rash, or prickly heat, is a skin disease marked by small, itchy rashes due to sweat trapped under the skin
Miliaria
Erectile female sexual organ
the glans. The secretion of smegma (smegma clitoridis) comes from the apocrine glands of the clitoris (sweat), the sebaceous glands of the clitoris (sebum)
Clitoris
Specialized sweat glands in the ear
of cells and an outer myoepithelial layer of cells. They are classed as apocrine glands. The glands drain into larger ducts, which then drain into the guard
Ceruminous_gland
Substance applied to the body to prevent or mask body odour
glands which cover much of the skin and produce watery odourless sweat, and apocrine sweat glands in the armpits and groin, which produce a more oily "heavy"
Deodorant
Transformation of cells from one type to another
MD. Reference for findings: Diez Freire CC, Masood S. Zynger DL (ed.). "Apocrine metaplasia". Pathology Outlines. Last author update: 28 May 2020. Krishnan
Metaplasia
Animal
Unlike in humans, this sweat is created not by eccrine glands but by apocrine glands. In hot conditions, horses during three hours' moderate-intensity
Horse
Medical condition
Apocrine gland carcinoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by skin lesions which form in the axilla or anogenital regions. Eccrine carcinoma Primary
Apocrine_gland_carcinoma
Debut of pubic hair following the onset of puberty
characteristics including the development of pubic hair, axillary hair, adult apocrine body odor, acne, and increased oiliness of hair and skin. The Encyclopedia
Pubarche
Gland to lubricate the hair and skin
the skin and hair of mammals. Sebaceous secretions in conjunction with apocrine glands also play an important thermoregulatory role. In hot conditions
Sebaceous_gland
Female adult human
are located. The mammary glands are hypothesised to have evolved from apocrine-like glands to produce milk, a nutritious secretion that is the most distinctive
Woman
Epithelium of the inside of the foreskin
acquisition." Fleiss et al. (1998) reported the inner mucosa contains apocrine glands, which secrete cathepsin B, lysozyme, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase
Preputial_mucosa
Medical condition
papilliferum is a rare non-malignant adnexal neoplasm that develops from apocrine or eccrine sweat glands and can be identified histologically by cystic
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
Syringocystadenoma_papilliferum
Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates
glands lie entirely within the subcutaneous tissue (which are modified apocrine sweat glands) Cutaneous nerves and free endings Hair follicle roots Ruffini
Subcutaneous_tissue
Most common type of skin cancer
of the epidermis. It is thought to develop from the folliculo–sebaceous–apocrine germinative cells called trichoblasts (of note, trichoblastic carcinoma
Basal-cell_carcinoma
Secretion of mammalian genitals
cells forms smegma. Smegma clitoridis is defined as the secretion of the apocrine (sweat) and sebaceous (sebum) glands of the clitoris in combination with
Smegma
Upper region of primate torso
menstrual cycle, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause. The breast is an apocrine gland that produces the milk used to feed an infant. The nipple of the
Breast
Domesticated omnivorous even-toed ungulate
551 lb) and had a shoulder height of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in). Pigs possess both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, although the latter are limited to the snout
Pig
Pre-cancerous breast lesion
absence of comedo histology; or, in the case of the apocrine cell-based in situ carcinoma, apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ, it may be classified according
Ductal_carcinoma_in_situ
External opening of the rectum
The stratified squamous epithelium gradually accumulates sebaceous and apocrine glands. During puberty, as testosterone triggers androgenic hair growth
Human_anus
Chemical compound
short-chain fatty acid that occurs in sweat secreted by the axillary (underarm) apocrine glands of Caucasians and some Asians. Hexanoic acids such as TMHA have
Trans-3-Methyl-2-hexenoic acid
Trans-3-Methyl-2-hexenoic_acid
Epithelial cell with excess mitochondria
known as: Hürthle cell (thyroid gland only) Oxyphilic cell Askanazy cell Apocrine-type metaplasia (breast gland only). Oncocytic cell Derived from the Greek
Oncocyte
Medical condition
Papillary eccrine adenoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by an uncommon benign sweat gland neoplasm that presents as a dermal nodule located primarily
Papillary_eccrine_adenoma
Modified apocrine sweat gland on the margin of the eyelid
gland, also known as the gland of Moll or ciliary gland, is a modified apocrine sweat gland that is found on the margin of the eyelid. They are next to
Moll's_gland
Sac of skin that protects the testicles
testicular artery, testicular vein, and pampiniform plexus. Sebaceous glands Apocrine glands Smooth muscle The skin on the scrotum is more highly pigmented in
Scrotum
Sebaceous glands on the margin of the eyelid
follicle. In the same area of the eyelid, near the base of the eyelashes are apocrine glands called the "glands of Moll". If eyelashes are not kept clean, conditions
Gland_of_Zeis
Any medical condition that affects the integumentary system
are the pilosebaceous units, arrector pili muscles, and the eccrine and apocrine glands. The dermis contains two vascular networks that run parallel to
Skin_condition
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
has a physiological function in regulation of water transport mainly in apocrine glands in the axilla, vulva, eyelid and ear canal, serous cells of the
Prolactin-induced_protein
plays a fundamental role in communication. The wolf has a large number of apocrine sweat glands on the face, lips, back, and between the toes. The odor produced
Wolf_communication
Sac growth (cyst) of the sweat glands
sebaceous glands, which have an oily secretion around hair follicles, and apocrine glands, which have more oily product than eccrine glands and are found
Hidrocystoma
are the pilosebaceous units, arrector pili muscles, and the eccrine and apocrine glands. The dermis contains two vascular networks that run parallel to
List_of_skin_conditions
Tumor of the external ear
the basement membrane. The luminal cells will often have decapitation (apocrine) secretions and will also have yellow-brown, ceroid, lipofuscin-like (cerumen)
Ceruminous_adenoma
Sweat gland distributed almost all over the human body
odor from sweat is due to bacterial activity on the secretions of the apocrine sweat glands, a distinctly different type of sweat gland found in human
Eccrine_sweat_gland
Damage caused to bark by a deer rubbing its antlers
The area between the forehead and antlers contains a large number of apocrine sweat glands, and leave a scent that communicates a challenge to other
Deer_rub
Area of heightened sensitivity of the body
humans, they would likely be secreted by a mixture of liquid from the apocrine glands with other organic compounds in the body. George Preti, an organic
Erogenous_zone
Benign cutaneous tumor
follicles, sebaceous sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and eccrine sweat glands. Poromas are eccrine or apocrine sweat gland tumors derived from the
Poroma
Soft outer covering organ of vertebrates
It also contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. The blood vessels in the dermis
Skin
Medical condition
sebaceous sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and eccrine sweat glands. Acrospiromas are thought to derive from apocrine or eccrine sweat gland ducts
Acrospiroma
Medical condition
that form in anogenital mammary–like glands (MLAGs); MLAGs are a type of apocrine gland. MLAGs were once classified as abnormally located breast tissue glands
Papillary_hidradenoma
Inflammation of the eyelid
adult and eggs) live on the hair follicle, inhabiting the sebaceous and apocrine gland of the human lid. Direct contact allows this pathogen to spread.
Blepharitis
Medical condition
thought to be primarily characterized by suppurative inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands. Recent evidence supports that the primary event is follicular
Hidradenitis
Waxy substance secreted by the ear
of secretions from sebaceous glands and less-viscous ones from modified apocrine sweat glands. The primary components of both wet and dry earwax are shed
Earwax
Nutrient-rich liquid produced by mammals
throughout the day. The mammary gland is thought to have derived from apocrine skin glands. It has been suggested that the original function of lactation
Milk
Medical condition
include hypodontia, hypotrichosis, nail dystrophies, and eyelid cysts (apocrine hidrocystomas). Patients may also develop syringofibroadenoma and squamous
Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome
Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge_syndrome
Benign tumor of the sweat glands
from specific sweat gland types may, in fact, derive from both eccrine or apocrine glands. Hidradenomas are by definition benign, with malignant transformation
Hidradenoma
Medical condition
then extends into the epidermis, EMPD begins in glandular regions rich in apocrine secretions outside the mammary glands. EMPD incidence is increasing by
Extramammary_Paget's_disease
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
(apó) "from, away, un-, quite", sometimes "changed, switched" aphelion, apocrine, apocryphal, apogee, aporrhinosis, apostasy, apostate aper- open Latin
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
Clade of tetrapods
leathery egg. Because they were vulnerable to desiccation, secretions from apocrine-like glands may have helped keep the eggs moist. According to Oftedal,
Synapsida
antipsychotic apo- away, separated from, derived from Greek ἀπό (apó) apoptosis, apocrine archi- first, primitive Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-) archinephros arsen(o)- of
List of medical roots and affixes
List_of_medical_roots_and_affixes
Topics referred to by the same term
another organism. Budding may also refer to: Production of buds by plants Apocrine secretion from cells Budding (grafting), a technique for propagating plants
Budding_(disambiguation)
Medical condition
development around birth and at puberty. They regulate sebaceous glands, apocrine hair growth, and libido. With increasing age, androgens stimulate hair
Pattern_hair_loss
vomeronasal organ. Axillary steroids are produced by the testicles, ovaries, apocrine glands and adrenal glands. These chemicals are not biologically active
Body odour and sexual attraction
Body_odour_and_sexual_attraction
Topics referred to by the same term
Ulnar–mammary syndrome, a skin condition characterized by underdevelopment of the apocrine and mammary glands Underwriting management system, for automated insurance
UMS
Chemical emitted to trigger a response among the same species
sexual cognition. Axillary steroids are produced by the testes, ovaries, apocrine glands, and adrenal glands. These chemicals are not biologically active
Pheromone
Facial feature
infected eyelash follicles and surrounding sebaceous (Gland of Zeis) and apocrine (Moll's gland) glands of the lid margin. Trichotillomania is a disorder
Eyelash
Medical classification system
but often high grade Luminal ER-/AR+: (overlapping with apocrine and so called molecular apocrine) - recently identified androgen responsive subtype which
Breast_cancer_classification
rate, slows digestion, dilates pupils, and also controls the secretion of apocrine sweat glands in the dermal layer of skin, in addition to other responses
Adrenergic_nerve_fibre
Mammalian protein found in humans
Weinreb I, Bauman JE, et al. (June 2015). "Molecular characterization of apocrine salivary duct carcinoma". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 39
HER2
Medical condition
rounded protuberance) or nipple-like nodule/tumor. PB tumors develop in the apocrine glands of the breast. PB is also termed juvenile papillomatosis because
Papillomatosis_of_breasts
One-humped camel
are no glands on the face; males have glands that appear to be modified apocrine sweat glands that secrete pungent, coffee-coloured fluid during the rut
Dromedary
American geneticist (1946–2026)
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050254. PMC 1964779. PMID 17803354. "Variation in apocrine gland secretion (ear wax, wet/dry)". omim.org. Retrieved May 5, 2026. Axelrod
J._Craig_Venter
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with A
(apó) "from, away, un-, quite", sometimes "changed, switched" aphelion, apocrine, apocryphal, apogee, aporrhinosis, apostasy, apostate aper- open Latin
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A
Medical condition
derive from bacterial colonization along the hair shaft containing dried apocrine sweat with a cementing substance generated by the bacteria. It is caused
Trichomycosis_axillaris
cells Exocrine glands Ectoderm Apocrine sweat gland cell Surface ectodermal glandular progenitor Skin Produces apocrine sweat Exocrine secretory epithelial
List_of_human_cell_types
Plastic surgery procedure
milk constitutes most of the breast volume. Surgically, the breast is an apocrine gland overlaying the chest – attached at the nipple and suspended with
Breast_reduction
Release of milk from the mammary glands
seen in monotremes. In monotremes, they are said to have evolved from apocrine sweat glands. This would have occurred in the mammal lineages that diverged
Lactation
Organ covering the outside of the human body
heat. It contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. The blood vessels in the dermis
Human_skin
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