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Apparent backward motion of a planet
Apparent retrograde motion is the apparent motion of a planet in a direction opposite to that of other bodies within its system, as observed from a particular
Apparent_retrograde_motion
Relative directions of orbit or rotation
Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is
Retrograde and prograde motion
Retrograde_and_prograde_motion
Table of positions of astronomical objects at given times
astronomical phenomena of interest to astronomers are eclipses, apparent retrograde motion/planetary stations, planetary ingresses, sidereal time, positions
Ephemeris
Topics referred to by the same term
its original source Apparent retrograde motion, the apparent motion of planets as observed from a particular vantage point Retrograde (album), a 2016 album
Retrograde
Planetary motions in archaic models of the Solar System
speed and direction of the apparent motion of the Moon, Sun, and planets. In particular it explained the apparent retrograde motion of the five planets known
Deferent_and_epicycle
First planet from the Sun
its apparent retrograde motion as seen from the surface of Mercury is ~1.23°, while the Sun's angular diameter when the apparent retrograde motion begins
Mercury_(planet)
Zero of the derivative of a function
seems to stop, before restarting in the other direction (see apparent retrograde motion). This occurs because of the projection of the planet orbit into
Stationary_point
Two objects on opposite sides of the celestial sphere
geocentric longitude of the Sun. At that time, a body is: in apparent retrograde motion visible almost all night – rising around sunset, culminating around
Opposition_(astronomy)
Symbols denoting astrological concepts
being used less consistently by commercial programs. The symbol for retrograde motion is ℞, a capital 'R' with a tail stroke. An 'R' with a tail stroke
Astrological_symbols
Timekeeping system on Earth relative to the celestial sphere
than the sidereal day for retrograde rotation, as the rotation of the planet would be against the direction of orbital motion. If a planet rotates prograde
Sidereal_time
Time that it takes to complete one rotation relative to the background stars
mean orbital speeds along each planet's orbit around the Sun. Apparent retrograde motion Day length fluctuations Earth's rotation periods List of slow
Rotation_period
Twelve 30° sectors of the ecliptic, as defined by Western astrology
Accidental Dignity, there are a range of Accidental Debilities, such as retrogradation, Under the Sun's Beams, Combust, and so forth. Each sign can be divided
Astrological_sign
Heliostatic model of solar system by Nicolaus Copernicus
separate one for each planet. To account for apparent anomalies in this view, such as the apparent retrograde motion of the planets, a system of deferents and
Copernican_heliocentrism
Path on the surface of the Earth or another body directly below an aircraft or satellite
from east to west along its ground track, in what is called "apparent retrograde" motion. This effect occurs because the satellite orbits more slowly
Satellite_ground_track
Fourth planet from the Sun
of retrograde motion, which means it will appear to move backwards in a looping curve with respect to the background stars. This retrograde motion lasts
Mars
Eighth planet from the Sun
stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day. This apparent backward motion is created when Earth's orbit takes it past an outer
Neptune
2007 film
for thematic elements (that being the birth of Jesus Christ)." Apparent retrograde motion Johannes Kepler Stephen McEveety Chester, Craig. "The Star of
The Star of Bethlehem (2007 film)
The_Star_of_Bethlehem_(2007_film)
Branch of astronomy
angular momentum of the entire system. Apparent retrograde motion is the periodic, apparently backwards motion of planetary bodies when viewed from the
Celestial_mechanics
Mechanical model of the Solar System
Antikythera mechanism – Ancient Greek analogue astronomical computer Apparent retrograde motion Armillary sphere – Model of objects in the sky consisting of a
Orrery
Principle that humans are not privileged observers of the universe
and stationary in contrast to geocentrism. He argued that the apparent retrograde motion of the planets is an illusion caused by Earth's movement around
Copernican_principle
Outdated measure of planetary orbits
the size of the apparent retrograde motion of all Solar System bodies except the Sun and the Moon. The equant model has a body in motion on a circular path
Equant
Hypothetical planets further than Neptune
near its opposition point, 180 degrees from the Sun, where the apparent retrograde motion for objects beyond Earth's orbit is at its strongest. He also
Planets_beyond_Neptune
German astronomer and mathematician (1571–1630)
17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi, and Epitome Astronomiae
Johannes_Kepler
astronomers. By the 2nd millennium BCE they were familiar with the apparent retrograde motion of the planet, in which it appears to move in the opposite direction
History_of_Mars_observation
American lawyer and law professor (born 1953)
and added, "I'm the one that cooks dinner when she is scoring." Apparent retrograde motion Johannes Kepler Stephen McEveety Foust, Michael. "Bethlehem Star:
Frederick_Larson_(filmmaker)
Retrograde asteroid discovered in 2014
diameter, in a resonant, co-orbital motion with Jupiter. It is an unusual minor planet in that its orbit is retrograde, which is opposite to the direction
514107_Kaʻepaokaʻāwela
American astronomer
historical event, and that Jupiter's "stationary point" during apparent retrograde motion could explain the Star's "stopping" over Bethlehem, He wrote an
Craig_Chester_(astronomer)
Using horoscopes to predict the future
developments in career and business interests. The retrograde motion of a planet is its apparent backward motion through the sky caused by the earth travelling
Astrological_progression
Biblical star revealing Christ's birth
then. Jupiter next continued to move and then stopped in its apparent retrograde motion on December 25 of 2 BC over the town of Bethlehem.[clarification
Star_of_Bethlehem
Concept in Hindu astrology
their transits. The two Lunar Nodes have perpetual retrograde motion. Vakragati means retrograde motion. As the Earth passes by a planet that particular
Vakri_grahas
Martian orbit around the Sun
focal points. This became the first of Kepler's three laws of planetary motion. From the perspective of all but the most demanding, the path of Mars is
Orbit_of_Mars
Conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn
on which definition of "conjunction" one uses (this is due to apparent retrograde motion and happens within months). The most recent triple conjunction
Great_conjunction
Movement of the planets through a sign
understood and the subject work to change them. The retrograde motion of a planet is its apparent backward motion through the sky caused by the Earth travelling
Astrological_transit
Aspect of Precolumbian Maya science
path through the sky. This is apparent retrograde motion. When they start or end retrograde motion their daily motion is stationary before going in another
Maya_astronomy
Apparent least distance between two celestial objects
apparent distance between one celestial object and another, as seen from a third body during a given period. Appulse is seen in the apparent motion typical
Appulse
Jupiter-family comet
Jupiter-family comet in an 8.7-year retrograde orbit around the Sun. Upon discovery, it was the object with the shortest known retrograde orbit. The comet was discovered
333P/LINEAR
Book by Claudius Ptolemaeus
direction. This leads the planet into or out of a period of apparent retrograde motion. Tetrabiblos II.4 (Loeb: p.163). See also II.7 (Loeb:p.177), where
Tetrabiblos
Regular and periodic mutual gravitational influence of orbiting bodies
bodies that are in two-body MMRs orbit in the same direction; however, the retrograde asteroid 514107 Kaʻepaokaʻāwela appears to be in a stable (for a period
Orbital_resonance
The Moon's circuit around Earth
nodes, the intersection between the two respective planes, has a retrograde motion: for an observer on Earth, it rotates westward along the ecliptic
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Natural satellites of the planet Jupiter
and many revolve in the direction opposite to Jupiter's rotation (retrograde motion). Jupiter's regular satellites are thought to have formed from a circumplanetary
Moons_of_Jupiter
Rotation of a satellite as it orbits
The apparent motion of the Sun is approximately +1° per day (360° per year / 365.2422 days per tropical year ≈ 0.9856473° per day), so apparent motion of
Nodal_precession
Trajectory of Earth around the Sun
Revolution" resolved the issue of planetary retrograde motion by arguing that such motion was only perceived and apparent. According to historian Jerry Brotton
Earth's_orbit
Near-Earth asteroid
343158 Marsyas (provisional designation: 2009 HC82) is an asteroid on a retrograde orbit, classified as a large near-Earth object of the Apollo group. It
343158_Marsyas
Motion of Earth's rotational axis relative to its crust
gyroscope describing the apparent motion of the rotation axis about the geometric axis of the Earth. This is the so-called polar motion. Observations show that
Polar_motion
French astronomer and mathematician
Traité des mouvements apparents des corps célestes (Treatise on apparent retrograde motion of celestial bodies), (1774) Essai sur les comètes (Essay on comets)
Achille Pierre Dionis du Séjour
Achille_Pierre_Dionis_du_Séjour
Sky from planet Mercury
velocity, making the Sun appear to go retrograde. Four days after perihelion, the Sun's normal apparent motion resumes. From the moment the top of the
Astronomy_on_Mercury
Curved path of an object around a point
period (to first order). A prograde or retrograde transverse impulse (i.e. an impulse applied along the orbital motion) changes both the eccentricity and
Orbit
Natural phenomenon due to which tidal locking occurs
remaining planets. Retrograde satellites: All retrograde satellites experience tidal deceleration to some degree because their orbital motion and their planet's
Tidal_acceleration
Phosphorus (morning star), the planet Venus Planetary conjunction Retrograde motion Transit of Venus "What exactly is an 'Aspect' in astrology?". Cosmopolitan
Aspects_of_Venus
180°) orbit in a retrograde direction. As of March 2018[update], of the near-800,000 minor planets known, there are only 99 known retrograde minor planets
List_of_exceptional_asteroids
Spectroscopic phenomenon in astronomy
been used to show that as many as 25% of hot Jupiters are orbiting in a retrograde direction with respect to their parent stars, strongly suggesting that
Rossiter–McLaughlin_effect
Trans-Neptunian object on a retrograde polar orbit
trans-Neptunian object and the first one with a retrograde orbit to be discovered. This retrograde motion with an orbital inclination of 103° suggests that
(528219)_2008_KV42
Disked object that eclipsed V1400 Centauri
and its disk must orbit J1407b in retrograde motion, opposite to the direction J1407b orbits its host star. A retrograde-orbiting disk would survive longer
J1407b
Change of rotational axis in an astronomical body
precessional motions are actual and real, whereas others are only apparent motion caused by the false perception that the background stars drift and
Axial_precession
Type of co-orbital motion of a small orbiting body relative to a larger orbiting body
aren't gravitationally bound to their planet, but appear to circle it in a retrograde direction as they circle the Sun with the same orbital period as the planet
Horseshoe_orbit
Interstellar comet in 2025
or the ecliptic. Specifically, the comet's trajectory is tilted 175° (retrograde and inclined 5°) with respect to the ecliptic. The trajectory of 3I/ATLAS
3I/ATLAS
Problem in physics and celestial mechanics
equation by straightforward analytical geometry, to predict a planet's motion; i.e., to give its orbital properties: position, orbital diameter, period
N-body_problem
Trans-Neptunian object on a retrograde polar orbit
tilted 110° with respect to the ecliptic. Thus, it has a nearly polar retrograde orbit around the Sun from the reference point of Earth's orbital plane
471325_Taowu
Historical views about extraterrestrial life
Earth that spins around the sun, which makes it easier to explain the retrograde motion of the classical planets, but this was rejected by other Greeks. They
History of the extraterrestrial life debate
History_of_the_extraterrestrial_life_debate
Star in the constellation Triangulum Australe
parsecs) from Earth and has an apparent visual magnitude of +2.85. This star has a relatively high rate of proper motion across the celestial sphere. In
Beta_Trianguli_Australis
Greek astronomer and mathematician (c. 310 – 230 BC)
central position. Pliny and Seneca referred to the retrograde motion of some planets as an apparent (unreal) phenomenon, which is an implication of heliocentrism
Aristarchus_of_Samos
Theoretical description of motion of Earth's moon
5° to the ecliptic, rotating in a retrograde direction (i.e. opposite to the direction of annual and monthly apparent movements of the Sun and Moon relative
Lunar_theory
Type of geocentric orbit
96–100-minute range, and inclinations of around 98°. This is slightly retrograde compared to the direction of Earth's rotation: 0° represents an equatorial
Sun-synchronous_orbit
Moon of Jupiter
November 2000 and was named after Megaclite. It orbits Jupiter in the retrograde direction—opposite to the direction of the planet's rotation—at an average
Megaclite
Retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter
named after Harpalyce, daughter of Clymenus. It orbits Jupiter in the retrograde direction—opposite to the direction of the planet's rotation—at an average
Harpalyke_(moon)
Moon of Jupiter
S/2003 J 9 is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaiʻi led by Scott S. Sheppard
S/2003_J_9
Moon of Saturn
micrometeoroid impacts on Phoebe, they should share its retrograde orbit, which is opposite to the orbital motion of the next major moon inward, Iapetus. Inwardly
Phoebe_(moon)
Outermost moon of Neptune
wide and elliptical orbit around its planet. It orbits Neptune in the retrograde direction at an average distance of over 50 million km (31 million mi)
S/2021_N_1
Greek astronomer and mathematician (c.390–c.340 BC)
explains the daily motion. The second explains the planet's motion through the zodiac. The third and fourth together explain retrogradation, when a planet
Eudoxus_of_Cnidus
Rotation period of a body relative to the primary object it orbits, e.g. solar day
lunar month, which is the month of the lunar calendar). Due to the slow retrograde rotational speed of Venus, its synodic rotation period of 117 Earth days
Synodic_day
Classical approach to the many-body problem of astronomy
In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive
Perturbation_(astronomy)
Brightest star in the constellation Octans
the radial velocity. A prograde solution was quickly ruled out but a retrograde solution remains a possibility, although a study posited that it may instead
Nu_Octantis
Parameters that define a specific orbit
polar orbits. Inclinations from 90 to 180° are typically used to denote retrograde orbits. Longitude of the ascending node ( Ω ) — describes the angle from
Orbital_elements
Natural satellites of the planet Saturn
high orbital inclinations and eccentricities mixed between prograde and retrograde. These moons are probably captured minor planets, or fragments from the
Moons_of_Saturn
Retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter
23 November 2000 and was named after Jocasta. It orbits Jupiter in the retrograde direction—opposite to the direction of the planet's rotation—at an average
Iocaste_(moon)
Moon of Jupiter
formerly spelled Pasiphaë, also known as Jupiter VIII, is one of the biggest retrograde irregular satellites of Jupiter. As an irregular moon with an eccentric
Pasiphae_(moon)
Ancient Greek analogue astronomical computer
in the anticlockwise direction. Internal and not visible. Prograde motion; retrograde is obviously the opposite direction. There are several gear ratios
Antikythera_mechanism
Seventh planet from the Sun
84 years, its apparent position in the stars is very close to what it was exactly 84 years earlier (see graph). The retrograde motion of Uranus brings
Uranus
Space navigation technique
decrease its speed or redirect its path. The "assist" is provided by the motion of the gravitating body as it pulls on the spacecraft. Any gain or loss
Gravity_assist
Irregular moon of Uranus
further from Uranus than Oberon, the outermost regular moon. Its orbit is retrograde, moderately inclined and slightly eccentric. The orbital parameters suggest
Caliban_(moon)
Orbit keeping the satellite at a fixed longitude above the equator
appear to hover at the same point in the sky, i.e., not exhibit diurnal motion, while the Sun, Moon, and stars would traverse the skies behind it. Such
Geosynchronous_orbit
Moment in time used as a reference point in astronomy
relative to each other through space. Apparent motion across the sky relative to other stars is called proper motion. Most stars have very small proper motions
Epoch_(astronomy)
Irregular moon of Neptune
Earth years. Like the majority of irregular moons, Halimede's orbit is retrograde, meaning it revolves around Neptune in the opposite direction to the planet's
Halimede_(moon)
Orbital plane that is tipped away from the equator
diurnal motion up and down perpendicular to the equator. If the orbit is not perfectly circular, the satellite will exhibit a diurnal motion forwards
Inclined_orbit
Interstellar object that passed near Earth in 2017
extrasolar origin, high obliqueness, and observed acceleration without an apparent coma. By July 2019, most astronomers concluded that it was a natural object
1I/ʻOumuamua
Gas giant planet orbiting Nu Octantis A
stable orbits have been found, but these imply a retrograde orbit relative to the binary's motion, making more difficult an explanation to the formation
Nu_Octantis_Ab
Superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center
down, stopped, and moved backward in retrograde motion, and then again reversed to resume normal, or prograde, motion. The deferent-and-epicycle model had
Geocentrism
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
exact centripetal force required to maintain the circular motion that matches their orbital motion. Alternatively, when seen in a rotating reference frame
Lagrange_point
Moon of Jupiter
Jupiter XX, and provisionally designated S/2000 J 9, is a very small retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers
Taygete_(moon)
Irregular moon of Uranus
Chile, and later announced on 23 February 2024. It orbits Uranus in the retrograde direction at an average distance of about 8 million km (5 million mi)
S/2023_U_1
Hypothetical Solar System planet
perihelia where they are more readily observed. The ETNOs then evolve into retrograde orbits with lower eccentricities, after which they pass through a second
Planet_Nine
Moon of Saturn
in about 1,011 days, at an inclination of 176.6° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.143. This moon was considered
S/2007_S_3
Irregular moon of Neptune
Earth years. Like the majority of irregular moons, Psamathe's orbit is retrograde, meaning it revolves around Neptune in the opposite direction to the planet's
Psamathe_(moon)
Subdwarf star in the constellation Pictor
number of regards: it has a high radial velocity, orbits the Milky Way retrograde, and is the nearest-known halo star to the Sun. It is a member of a moving
Kapteyn's_Star
Moon of Jupiter
inclination of 146.46° to the ecliptic (143° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.3376. It was named in August 2003
Orthosie_(moon)
Irregular moon of Uranus
September 1997 on the Hale Telescope in California. Sycorax's orbit is retrograde, irregular, and much more distant than that of Oberon, the furthest of
Sycorax_(moon)
Trans-Neptunian object
at a faint apparent magnitude of 24.6, approaching the lowest detectable magnitude limit for most telescopes. 2018 VG18's low on-sky motion and brightness
2018_VG18
Irregular moon of Neptune
around the planet. Like the majority of irregular moons, Neso's orbit is retrograde, meaning it revolves around Neptune in the opposite direction to the planet's
Neso_(moon)
Moon of Jupiter
Pasithee /ˈpæsəθiː/, also known as Jupiter XXXVIII, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the
Pasithee_(moon)
Moon of Jupiter
the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.497. It belongs to the Pasiphae group, irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter
S/2003_J_4
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APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
APPARENT RETROGRADE-MOTION
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