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Something roughly the same as something else
An approximation is anything that is intentionally similar but not exactly equal to something else. The word approximation is derived from Latin approximatus
Approximation
Topics referred to by the same term
Rational approximation may refer to: Diophantine approximation, the approximation of real numbers by rational numbers Padé approximation, the approximation of
Rational_approximation
In models of radiative transfer, the two-stream approximation is a discrete ordinate approximation in which radiation propagating along only two discrete
Two-stream_approximation
Approximation for factorials
mathematics, Stirling's approximation (or Stirling's formula) is an asymptotic approximation for factorials. It is a good approximation, leading to accurate
Stirling's_approximation
Varying methods used to calculate pi
Approximations for the mathematical constant pi (π) in the history of mathematics reached an accuracy within 0.04% of the true value before the beginning
Approximations_of_pi
Mathematical method that minimizes maximum error
A minimax approximation algorithm (or L∞ approximation or uniform approximation) is a method to find an approximation of a mathematical function that
Minimax approximation algorithm
Minimax_approximation_algorithm
Expressions for approximation accuracy
quantitative disciplines, order of approximation refers to formal or informal expressions for how accurate an approximation is in terms of the number of parameters
Order_of_approximation
Analytical expression in statistics
Laplace's approximation or the quadratic approximation (QUAP) provides an analytical expression for a posterior probability distribution by fitting a Gaussian
Laplace's_approximation
Property of artificial neural networks
In the field of machine learning, the universal approximation theorems (UATs) state that neural networks with a certain structure can, in principle, approximate
Universal approximation theorem
Universal_approximation_theorem
Topics referred to by the same term
successive approximation are a category of strategies in pure and applied mathematics. Successive approximation also may refer to: Successive approximation ADC
Successive_approximation
Numerical method for calculating the gamma function
In mathematics, the Lanczos approximation is a method for computing the gamma function numerically, published by Cornelius Lanczos in 1964. It is a practical
Lanczos_approximation
In algebraic group theory, approximation theorems are an extension of the Chinese remainder theorem to algebraic groups G over global fields k. Eichler
Approximation in algebraic groups
Approximation_in_algebraic_groups
Method to calculate trajectory calculations for spacecraft
In astrodynamics, the patched conic approximation or patched two-body approximation is a method to simplify trajectory calculations for spacecraft in
Patched_conic_approximation
Mathematical concept
The approximation error in a given data value represents the significant discrepancy that arises when an exact, true value is compared against some approximation
Approximation_error
Class of algorithms that find approximate solutions to optimization problems
In computer science and operations research, approximation algorithms are efficient algorithms that find approximate solutions to optimization problems
Approximation_algorithm
Theoretical physics method in wave scattering equations
In theoretical physics, the eikonal approximation (Greek εἰκών for likeness, icon or image) is an approximative method useful in wave scattering equations
Eikonal_approximation
Equations that keep static form even if quantities vary in time
Quasistatic approximation(s) refers to different domains and different meanings. In the most common acceptance, quasistatic approximation refers to equations
Quasistatic_approximation
Fitness approximation aims to approximate the objective or fitness functions in evolutionary optimization by building up machine learning models based
Fitness_approximation
Scattering theory
scattering theory and in particular in quantum mechanics, the Born approximation consists of taking the incident field in place of the total field as
Born_approximation
Rational-number approximation of a real number
In number theory, the study of Diophantine approximation deals with the approximation of real numbers by rational numbers. It is named after Diophantus
Diophantine_approximation
Approximation of a function by its tangent line at a point
In mathematics, a linear approximation is an approximation of a general function using a linear function (more precisely, an affine function). They are
Linear_approximation
Topics referred to by the same term
Boussinesq approximation may refer to several modelling concepts – as introduced by Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842–1929), a French mathematician and
Boussinesq_approximation
Solution method for linear differential equations
In mathematical physics, the WKB approximation or WKB method is a technique for finding approximate solutions to linear differential equations with spatially
WKB_approximation
In computer science, hardness of approximation is a field that studies the algorithmic complexity of finding near-optimal solutions to optimization problems
Hardness_of_approximation
Law of physics
Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation
Wien_approximation
In mathematics the Korovkin approximation is a convergence statement in which the approximation of a function is given by a certain sequence of functions
Korovkin_approximation
Rayleigh–Gans approximation, also known as Rayleigh–Gans–Debye approximation and Rayleigh–Gans–Born approximation, is an approximate solution to light
Rayleigh–Gans_approximation
Theory of getting acceptably close inexact mathematical calculations
In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterizing
Approximation_theory
Simplification for simulating fluids under natural convection
In fluid dynamics, the Boussinesq approximation (pronounced [businɛsk], named for Joseph Valentin Boussinesq) is used in the field of buoyancy-driven
Boussinesq approximation (buoyancy)
Boussinesq_approximation_(buoyancy)
Technique in numerical linear algebra
In mathematics, low-rank approximation refers to the process of approximating a given matrix by a matrix of lower rank. More precisely, it is a minimization
Low-rank_approximation
Approximation of powers of some binomials
The binomial approximation is useful for approximately calculating powers of sums of 1 and a small number x. It states that ( 1 + x ) α ≈ 1 + α x . {\displaystyle
Binomial_approximation
Family of iterative methods
Stochastic approximation methods are a family of iterative methods typically used for root-finding problems or for optimization problems. The recursive
Stochastic_approximation
Small angle approximation in geometric optics
In geometric optics, the paraxial approximation is a small-angle approximation used in Gaussian optics and ray tracing of light through an optical system
Paraxial_approximation
Assumption that motions of nuclei and electrons can be separated
quantum chemistry and molecular physics, the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the assumption that the wave functions of atomic nuclei and electrons
Born–Oppenheimer approximation
Born–Oppenheimer_approximation
CUR matrix approximation is a set of three matrices that, when multiplied together, closely approximate a given matrix. A CUR approximation can be used
CUR_matrix_approximation
1969 result in deformation theory
In mathematics, the Artin approximation theorem is a fundamental result of Michael Artin (1969) in deformation theory which implies that formal power
Artin_approximation_theorem
In probability theory, the Komlós–Major–Tusnády approximation (also known as the KMT approximation, the KMT embedding, or the Hungarian embedding) refers
Komlós–Major–Tusnády approximation
Komlós–Major–Tusnády_approximation
Superstrong approximation is a generalisation of strong approximation in algebraic groups G, to provide spectral gap results. The spectrum in question
Superstrong_approximation
Concept in number theory
number theory, Dirichlet's theorem on Diophantine approximation, also called Dirichlet's approximation theorem, states that for any real numbers α {\displaystyle
Dirichlet's approximation theorem
Dirichlet's_approximation_theorem
Method in cosmology and astrophysics
Zeldovich approximation is a method in cosmology and astrophysics for describing the nonlinear evolution of the large-scale structure of the universe
Zeldovich_approximation
Expression of force profile interaction between finite size bodies
The Derjaguin approximation (or sometimes also referred to as the proximity approximation), named after the Russian scientist Boris Derjaguin, expresses
Derjaguin_approximation
Simplification of the basic trigonometric functions
can be calculated with reasonable accuracy by the following simple approximations: sin θ ≈ tan θ ≈ θ , cos θ ≈ 1 − 1 2 θ 2 ≈ 1 , {\displaystyle
Small-angle_approximation
Probability distribution
for N much larger than n, the binomial distribution remains a good approximation, and is widely used. If the random variable X follows the binomial distribution
Binomial_distribution
'Best' approximation of a function by a rational function of given order
In mathematics, a Padé approximant is the "best" approximation of a function near a specific point by a rational function of given order. Under this technique
Padé_approximant
Model used in atom optics and magnetic resonance
The rotating-wave approximation is an approximation used in atom optics and magnetic resonance. In this approximation, terms in a Hamiltonian that oscillate
Rotating-wave_approximation
Computational quantum mechanical modelling method to investigate electronic structure
accurate for calculations in quantum chemistry until the 1990s, when the approximations used in the theory were greatly refined to better model the exchange
Density_functional_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
Weak approximation may refer to: Weak approximation theorem, an extension of the Chinese remainder theorem to algebraic groups over global fields Weak
Weak_approximation
Lighting formula in 3D computer graphics
In 3D computer graphics, Schlick’s approximation, named after Christophe Schlick, is a formula for approximating the contribution of the Fresnel factor
Schlick's_approximation
Vecchia approximation is a Gaussian processes approximation technique originally developed by Aldo Vecchia, a statistician at United States Geological
Vecchia_approximation
Product of numbers from 1 to n
the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Stirling's approximation provides an accurate approximation to the factorial of large numbers, showing that it
Factorial
Approximation in quantum chemistry
The Born–Huang approximation is an approximation closely related to the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. It takes into account diagonal nonadiabatic effects
Born–Huang_approximation
Approximations in density functional theory
Local-density approximations (LDA) are a class of approximations to the exchange–correlation (XC) energy functional in density functional theory (DFT)
Local-density_approximation
Academic journal
Constructive Approximation is "an international mathematics journal dedicated to Approximations, expansions, and related research in: computation, function
Constructive_Approximation
Root-finding algorithm
the number 0x5F3759DF, which is a floating-point representation of an approximation of 2 127 {\textstyle {\sqrt {2^{127}}}} . This results in an initial
Fast_inverse_square_root
Algorithm for transforming one optimization problem into another
computational complexity theory, especially the study of approximation algorithms, an approximation-preserving reduction is an algorithm for transforming
Approximation-preserving reduction
Approximation-preserving_reduction
Type of analog-to-digital converter
A successive-approximation ADC (or SAR ADC) is a type of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that digitizes each sample from a continuous analog waveform
Successive-approximation_ADC
Approximation in many-body systems
The GW approximation is a method used to calculate the self-energy of a many-body system of electrons. The approximation is that the expansion of the
GW_approximation
The quasi-harmonic approximation is a phonon-based model of solid-state physics used to describe volume-dependent thermal effects, such as the thermal
Quasi-harmonic_approximation
In mathematics, Spouge's approximation is a formula for computing an approximation of the gamma function. It was named after John L. Spouge, who defined
Spouge's_approximation
Approximating an arbitrary function with a well-behaved one
In general, a function approximation problem asks us to select a function that closely matches ("approximates") a function in a task-specific way.[better source needed]
Function_approximation
Approximation technique in integral calculus
In mathematics, a Riemann sum is a certain kind of approximation of an integral by a finite sum. It is named after nineteenth century German mathematician
Riemann_sum
Type of algorithm
A parameterized approximation algorithm is a type of algorithm that aims to find approximate solutions to NP-hard optimization problems in polynomial
Parameterized approximation algorithm
Parameterized_approximation_algorithm
Approximation of a function by a polynomial
In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a k {\textstyle k} -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree
Taylor's_theorem
Topics referred to by the same term
In mathematics, an approximation to the identity refers to a sequence or net that converges to the identity in some algebra. Specifically, it can mean:
Approximation_to_the_identity
Substituting rare characters with more common characters
A typographic approximation is a replacement of an element of the writing system (usually a glyph) with another glyph or glyphs. The replacement may be
Typographic_approximation
Simplification that approximates the electron–electron interaction in crystals as null
In condensed matter physics, the independent electron approximation is a simplification used in complex systems, consisting of many electrons, that approximates
Independent electron approximation
Independent_electron_approximation
The coherent potential approximation (CPA) is a method, in theoretical physics, of finding the averaged Green's function of an inhomogeneous (or disordered)
Coherent potential approximation
Coherent_potential_approximation
Algorithms for calculating square roots
these algorithms typically construct a series of increasingly accurate approximations. Most square root computation methods are iterative: after choosing
Square_root_algorithms
Mathematical approximation of a function
called the nth Taylor polynomial of the function. Taylor polynomials are approximations of a function, which become generally more accurate as n increases.
Taylor_series
Method of approximating the properties of a composite material
In materials science, effective medium approximations (EMA) or effective medium theory (EMT) pertain to analytical or theoretical modeling that describes
Effective medium approximations
Effective_medium_approximations
Neglecting the fermion determinant in lattice calculations
In lattice field theory, the quenched approximation is an approximation often used in lattice gauge theory in which the quantum loops of fermions in Feynman
Quenched_approximation
Formula to estimate the sine function
In mathematics, Bhāskara I's sine approximation formula is a rational expression in one variable for the computation of the approximate values of the
Bhāskara I's sine approximation formula
Bhāskara_I's_sine_approximation_formula
high-frequency approximation (or "high energy approximation") for scattering or other wave propagation problems, in physics or engineering, is an approximation whose
High-frequency_approximation
related fields, relaxation is a modeling strategy. A relaxation is an approximation of a difficult problem by a nearby problem that is easier to solve.
Relaxation_(approximation)
Computer-aided geometric design
In mathematics, the progressive-iterative approximation method is an iterative method of data fitting with geometric meanings. Given a set of data points
Progressive-iterative approximation method
Progressive-iterative_approximation_method
Mathematical concept
specifically functional analysis, a Banach space is said to have the approximation property (AP), if every compact operator is a limit of finite-rank operators
Approximation_property
Method in theoretical optics
physics, slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA, sometimes also called slowly varying asymmetric approximation or SVAA) is the assumption that the
Slowly varying envelope approximation
Slowly_varying_envelope_approximation
Complexity class of approximable problems
allow polynomial-time approximation algorithms with approximation ratio bounded by a constant (or constant-factor approximation algorithms for short)
APX
approximation was introduced in 1935 by John G. Kirkwood as a means of representing a discrete probability distribution. The Kirkwood approximation for
Kirkwood_approximation
Lens with a thickness that is negligible
is not negligible are sometimes called thick lenses. The thin lens approximation ignores optical effects due to the thickness of lenses and simplifies
Thin_lens
In algebra, a commutative Noetherian ring A is said to have the approximation property with respect to an ideal I if each finite system of polynomial
Approximation property (ring theory)
Approximation_property_(ring_theory)
Annual mathematical celebration on March 14
Pi Approximation Day on July 22 (22/7 in the day/month format), an approximation of π {\displaystyle \pi } ; and June 28 (6.28), an approximation of 2
Pi_Day
Method for computing radiation
The discrete dipole approximation (DDA), also known as the coupled dipole approximation, is a numerical method for computing the scattering and absorption
Discrete_dipole_approximation
Heuristic used in simulations of ions passing through solids
In condensed-matter physics, the binary collision approximation (BCA) is a heuristic used to more efficiently simulate the penetration depth and defect
Binary collision approximation
Binary_collision_approximation
Primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time
rotating surface of the Earth (the geoid). In order to maintain a close approximation to UT1, UTC occasionally has discontinuities where it changes from one
Coordinated_Universal_Time
Statistical approximation method
The saddlepoint approximation method, initially proposed by Daniels (1954) is a specific example of the mathematical saddlepoint technique applied to
Saddlepoint approximation method
Saddlepoint_approximation_method
Methods for numerical approximations
(in contrast to discrete mathematics), and typically use numerical approximation in addition to symbolic manipulation. Numerical analysis finds application
Numerical_analysis
Thermodynamic process in which no mass or heat is exchanged with surroundings
allowing a convenient "adiabatic approximation". For example, the adiabatic flame temperature uses this approximation to calculate the upper limit of flame
Adiabatic_process
Asymptotic analysis used when integrating rapidly-varying complex exponentials
In mathematics, the stationary phase approximation is a basic principle of asymptotic analysis, applying to functions given by integration against a rapidly-varying
Stationary phase approximation
Stationary_phase_approximation
Type of approximation algorithm
(particularly algorithmics), a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) is a type of approximation algorithm for optimization problems (most often
Polynomial-time approximation scheme
Polynomial-time_approximation_scheme
Unrelated vertices in graphs
may be approximated to within any approximation ratio c < 1 in polynomial time; similar polynomial-time approximation schemes exist in any family of graphs
Independent set (graph theory)
Independent_set_(graph_theory)
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
optimal. It was one of the first approximation algorithms, and was in part responsible for drawing attention to approximation algorithms as a practical approach
Travelling_salesman_problem
In algebraic topology, the cellular approximation theorem states that a map between CW-complexes can always be taken to be of a specific type. Concretely
Cellular approximation theorem
Cellular_approximation_theorem
Methods of calculating definite integrals
from the approximation. An important part of the analysis of any numerical integration method is to study the behavior of the approximation error as a
Numerical_integration
Number in base-10 numeral system
digits after the decimal separator, for example, that "3.14 is the approximation of π to two decimals" or "two decimal places." The numbers that may
Decimal
Software packages using DDA
calculating scattering and absorption of light using Discrete dipole approximation (DDA). Most of the software applies to arbitrary-shaped inhomogeneous
Discrete dipole approximation codes
Discrete_dipole_approximation_codes
The CSDA range is a very close approximation to the average distance traveled by a charged particle as it slows down to rest, calculated in the continuous-slowing-down
Continuous slowing down approximation range
Continuous_slowing_down_approximation_range
Mathematical formalism used in quantum field theory
The random phase approximation (RPA) is an approximation method in condensed matter physics and nuclear physics. It was first introduced by David Bohm
Random_phase_approximation
Halo mass function
In physical cosmology, the Sheth–Tormen approximation is a halo mass function. It is named after Ravi K. Sheth and Giuseppe Tormen, who proposed their
Sheth–Tormen_approximation
Numerical approximation algorithm
improving approximate solutions for a class of problems, in which the i-th approximation (called an "iterate") is derived from the previous ones. A specific
Iterative_method
APPROXIMATION
APPROXIMATION
APPROXIMATION
APPROXIMATION
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, French, South Indian, etc.
English, Welsh, French, South Indian, etc. : from the personal name George, Greek GeÅrgios, from an adjectival form, geÅrgios ‘rustic’, of geÅrgos ‘farmer’. This became established as a personal name in classical times through its association with the fashion for pastoral poetry. Its popularity in western Europe increased at the time of the Crusades, which brought greater contact with the Orthodox Church, in which several saints and martyrs of this name are venerated, in particular a saint believed to have been martyred at Nicomedia in ad 303, who, however, is at best a shadowy figure historically. Nevertheless, by the end of the Middle Ages St. George had become associated with an unhistorical legend of dragon-slaying exploits, which caught the popular imagination throughout Europe, and he came to be considered the patron saint of England among other places.
Boy/Male
Norse
Farmed at Tongue.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Rama
Boy/Male
Hindu
One of the kauravas
Boy/Male
Armenian
Name of a historian.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Lord of Equility
Male
Egyptian
, the Kambujien, or, Crown Prince Kambuja.
Girl/Female
American, British, Christian, English, Greek
Gift of God; Variant of the Greek Dorothy
Girl/Female
Indian
Brilliant
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lotus
APPROXIMATION
APPROXIMATION
APPROXIMATION
APPROXIMATION
APPROXIMATION
n.
A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an equation by approximation.
adv.
With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.
a.
Pertaining to the first in time of the three subdivisions into which the Tertiary formation is divided by geologists, and alluding to the approximation in its life to that of the present era; as, Eocene deposits.
n.
A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.
n.
The transient approximation of the edges of a natural opening; imperforation.
n.
The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating.
v. t.
To mention or suggest as an estimate, hypothesis, or approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the imperative, followed sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he had, say fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run, say ten miles.
n. pl.
A group of ganoid fishes, including the living genera Ceratodus and Lepidosiren, which present the closest approximation to the Amphibia. The air bladder acts as a lung, and the nostrils open inside the mouth. See Ceratodus, and Illustration in Appendix.
n.
The act of violently forcing air out through the nasal passages while the cavity of the mouth is shut off from the pharynx by the approximation of the soft palate and the base of the tongue.
n.
An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.