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Security tools used on ARPANET
The ARPANET pioneered the creation of novel encryption devices for packet networks in the 1970s and 1980s, and as such were ancestors to today's IPsec
ARPANET_encryption_devices
Topics referred to by the same term
programming language PLI (gene) Private Line Interface, part of ARPANET encryption devices Program Language Interface, in Verilog Verilog Procedural Interface
PLI
Early packet switching network (1969–1990)
operational control of the ARPANET passed to the Defense Communications Agency. At about this time, the first ARPANET encryption devices were deployed to support
ARPANET
Secure network protocol suite
of experimental ARPANET encryption devices, at first for native ARPANET packet encryption and subsequently for TCP/IP packet encryption; some of these
IPsec
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
ultimately became the basis for the ARPANET, which began in 1969. That year, the first four nodes of the ARPANET were connected using 50 kbit/s circuits
Computer_network
would provide the network technology. End-to-end encryption would be provided by ARPANET encryption devices, namely the Internet Private Line Interface (IPLI)
Defense_Data_Network
Short-range wireless technology standard
communicating with other devices through the LMP protocol. A Bluetooth device is a short-range Wireless device. Bluetooth devices are fabricated on RF CMOS
Bluetooth
Global system of connected computer networks
incorporated into the design of the ARPANET, an experimental resource sharing network proposed by ARPA. ARPANET development began with two network nodes
Internet
Encryption device
L3Harris products).[citation needed] ARPANET encryption devices NSA encryption systems L-3 Communication Encryption Products ViaSat Information Assurance
High Assurance Internet Protocol Encryptor
High_Assurance_Internet_Protocol_Encryptor
Extension to File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that adds security
drafted in 1971 for use with the scientific and research network, ARPANET. Access to the ARPANET during this time was limited to a small number of military sites
FTPS
Reference model for network communication
networking was largely either government-sponsored (NPL network in the UK, ARPANET in the US, CYCLADES in France) or vendor-developed with proprietary standards
OSI_model
Family of wireless network protocols
are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves. These are the
Wi-Fi
Design principle for computer networking
computer and a nearby peripheral device. In order to remedy any potential failures of packet transmission normal ARPANET messages were handed from one node
End-to-end_principle
Device that forwards data packets between computer networks
same idea was conceived by Wesley Clark the following year for use in the ARPANET, which were named Interface Message Processors (IMPs). The first interface
Router_(computing)
Wi-Fi access point
to other devices via password, Bluetooth pairing, or through the moeex protocol over USB, or even when both the hotspot device and the device[s] accessing
Wi-Fi_hotspot
Device that interfaces serial hosts to a network
functionality, such as data encryption and user authentication. The primary application scenario is to enable serial devices to access network server applications
Terminal_server
Distributed application structure in computing
client–server model in the 1960s and 1970s, computer scientists building ARPANET (at the Stanford Research Institute) used the terms server-host (or serving
Client–server_model
Networking protocol for real-time communication
and directing users to its new Matrix instance. In May 2020, end-to-end encryption was enabled by default for all new private conversations within the protocol
Matrix_(protocol)
Network protocol for virtual terminals
measures against eavesdropping and modification by other devices such as additional encryption and/or VLANs. This is because Telnet traffic leaves the
Telnet
Methods of delivering voice communications and multimedia over IP networks
computers. Rather than closed architectures, these devices rely on standard interfaces. VoIP devices have simple, intuitive user interfaces, so users can
Voice_over_IP
Update method for DNS name servers
addressing method for devices that change their location, configuration or IP address frequently. In the initial stages of the Internet (ARPANET), addressing of
Dynamic_DNS
Programmable machine that processes data
robots. Computers are at the core of general-purpose devices such as personal computers and mobile devices, such as smartphones. Computers power the Internet
Computer
store-and-forward packet switching system; Roberts, Dr. Lawrence G. (May 1995). "The ARPANET & Computer Networks". Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved
Timeline of computing 1950–1979
Timeline_of_computing_1950–1979
Media needing electronic means for access
Hauben, Michael. "History of ARPANET - Behind the Net - The untold history of the ARPANET Or - The "Open" History of the ARPANET/Internet" (PDF). jbcoco.com
Electronic_media
development of the ARPANET, the first wide area packet switching network. Roberts applied Donald Davies' concepts of packet switching in the ARPANET, and sought
List_of_Internet_pioneers
System for exchanging messages between computing systems
the NPL network. They published their work the following year. On the ARPANET, the starting point for host-to-host communication in 1969 was the 1822
Communication_protocol
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
computer security involve digital security, such as electronic passwords and encryption, physical security measures, such as metal locks, are still used to prevent
Computer_security
Voice over IP software comparison
SIP provider. Some SIP providers do not support certain encryption protocols. Only the encryption related source code is open. Only on the network connection
Comparison_of_VoIP_software
Technology discipline within engineering
networking. This discipline originated in the 1960s with projects like ARPANET, which initiated important advancements in reliable data transmission.
Computer_network_engineering
Apple videotelephony service
supported iOS mobile devices running iOS 4 and later and Mac computers that run Mac OS X 10.6.6 and later. FaceTime supports any iOS device with a forward-facing
FaceTime
Model of computer data storage
have been invented by J. C. R. Licklider in the 1960s with his work on ARPANET to connect people and data from anywhere at any time. In 1983, CompuServe
Cloud_storage
American-Jewish engineer (1926–2011)
not Baran's, that initially caught the attention of the developers of ARPANET at the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles in October 1967. Baran
Paul_Baran
Transfer of information or power that does not require the use of physical wires
wireless local area network that enables portable computing devices to connect easily with other devices, peripherals, and the Internet.[citation needed] Standardized
Wireless_communication
Pioneering VoIP protocol
[and to] supply digitized speech which can be secured by existing encryption devices. The major goal of this research is to demonstrate a digital high-quality
Network_Voice_Protocol
Form of amateur radio data communications using the AX25 protocol
area and conducted a series of experiments with SRI to verify the use of ARPANET (a precursor to the Internet) communications protocols (later known as
Packet_radio
Platform for users to upload, share, or live stream videos on the Internet
licensed to and the complexity of the workflow. Some workflows require encryption of content with DRM and this increases the cost of using the service.
Online_video_platform
Summary of mobile network generations
AMPS that combined analog and digital elements. 2G introduced digital encryption for calls, efficient use of spectrum, and services such as SMS and MMS
List of wireless network technologies
List_of_wireless_network_technologies
Open-source wireless sensor and actuator network protocol
between devices. Stealth: DASH7 devices do not need periodic beaconing to be able to respond in communication. Transitive: A DASH7 system of devices is inherently
DASH7
mechanical devices which required the operator to set up the initial values of an elementary arithmetic operation, then manipulate the device to obtain
History_of_computing_hardware
Mail sent using electronic means
multiple devices. Small portable devices like smartphones are increasingly used to check email while traveling and to make brief replies, larger devices with
Algorithms applied to a packet of data
nodes of ARPANET connected; 15 sites connected by end of 1971 with email as a new application 1973: Packet switched voice connections over ARPANET with Network
Packet_processing
Retired telecommunications software service/application
stating "highly secure with end-to-end encryption". Security services were invisible to the user, and encryption could not be disabled. Skype claimed to
Skype
System to identify resources on a network
numerical addresses of computers on the ARPANET. Elizabeth Feinler developed and maintained the first ARPANET directory. Maintenance of numerical addresses
Domain_Name_System
Overview of and topical guide to telecommunication
Videoconferencing VoIP Voicemail Telecommunications network Computer networks ARPANET Ethernet Internet Wireless networks Public switched telephone networks
Outline_of_telecommunication
Linked hypertext system on the Internet
Architecture: A Conceptual Analysis". New Devices. Skau, H.O. (March 1990). "The World Wide Web and Health Information". New Devices. Wikimedia Commons has media related
World_Wide_Web
Cellular telephone network standard since 1991
for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks, as used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and mobile broadband modems. GSM is also a trademark
GSM
international connections on the ARPANET, alongside Norway (NORSAR and NDRE). Beginning in 1973, UCL provided a gateway between the ARPANET and British academic networks
Internet in the United Kingdom
Internet_in_the_United_Kingdom
Hand-held portable two-way communications device
mounted model, while the handie-talkie was the device which could be held entirely in the hand. Both devices used vacuum tubes and were powered by high voltage
Walkie-talkie
Telecommunications industry term
half of the image: Viaccess encryption and conditional access system with 3 black rackmount servers and 2 silver devices which are card readers Access
Hybrid_fiber-coaxial
Distributed protocol for telephony and instant messaging
peer-to-peer instant-messaging and video-calling protocol that offers end-to-end encryption. The stated goal of the project is to provide secure yet easily accessible
Tox_(protocol)
Highest maturity level in the IETF standards track (STD series)
collection of protocols that ensure the integrity of encryption in the connection between multiple devices. The purpose of this protocol is to protect public
Internet_Standard
2GL—Second-generation programming language 2NF—Second normal form 3DES—Triple Data Encryption Standard 3GL—Third-generation programming language 3GPP—3rd Generation
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Technology used to provide broadband to the end consumer via fiber
of the two technologies as an alternative to active Ethernet and encryption devices. The chief information officer of the United States Department of
Passive_optical_network
specific subset of connection events is to be actively used by the connected devices, with the radio not being used in other connection events. A subrated connection
Asynchronous connection-oriented logical transport
Asynchronous_connection-oriented_logical_transport
Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
Creeper used the ARPANET to infect DEC PDP-10 computers running the TENEX operating system. Creeper gained access via the ARPANET and copied itself to
Computer_virus
Protecting information by mitigating risk
and industry standards on passwords, antivirus software, firewalls, encryption software, legal liability, security awareness and training, and so forth
Information_security
Frames in the Wi-Fi standards (Ipv4_Ipv6 802.11)
purpose in Control frame. Set to 1 if the Management Frame is protected by encryption as described in IEEE_802.11w-2009. It is one bit in length and is used
802.11_frame_types
Type of mobile phone
have cryptographic weaknesses. For sensitive communication, additional encryption or secure satellite services are used. Satellite phones are valuable when
Satellite_phone
Maximum rate of data transfer
x bit/s may not necessarily transmit data at x rate, since protocols, encryption, and other factors can add appreciable overhead. For instance, much internet
Bandwidth_(computing)
International standards organization
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which had pioneered the ARPANET, the most direct predecessor to the modern Internet. It was located in
World_Wide_Web_Consortium
Open standard for digital television broadcasting
define the physical layer and data link layer of the distribution system. Devices interact with the physical layer via a synchronous parallel interface (SPI)
DVB
Type of decentralized and distributed network architecture
Internet, ARPANET was a successful peer-to-peer network where "every participating node could request and serve content". However, ARPANET was not self-organized
Peer-to-peer
Switches), phones (VOIP, DS0 - DS4 or higher, and so on), encryption (configuring encryption devices or monitoring), and video support data transfers. The
Long-haul_communications
American mathematician (1916–2001)
including the work of Horst Feistel, the Data Encryption Standard (DES), and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). As a result, Shannon has been called
Claude_Shannon
Wireless communications technology
protocol uses X.509 digital certificates, RSA public-key encryption, and Triple DES encryption to secure key exchanges between the wireless modem and the
Multichannel multipoint distribution service
Multichannel_multipoint_distribution_service
the devices. The downlink to devices uses time slots (TDMA), and the uplink to the base station is divided into sub-channels so that several devices can
Weightless (wireless communications)
Weightless_(wireless_communications)
Egyptian engineer (1924–2009)
gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) and indium arsenide (InAs) devices. These devices became the core technology used by HP's Microwave Division to develop
Mohamed_M._Atalla
British free-to-air satellite television service
the screen, Manhattan, and some Sagemcom devices, however it is not available on 2nd Generation Humax devices to viewers using DG and TD postcodes. It
Freesat
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
later, these devices were extended to provide "triple play" features such as telephony and television service. Nonetheless, these devices are still often
Modem
Transmitting information over optical fiber
traditional security codes. Unlike classical cryptographic techniques, quantum encryption is theoretically secure because any attempt at eavesdropping can be detected
Fiber-optic_communication
English physicist and inventor (1802–1875)
concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images) and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique). Charles Wheatstone was
Charles_Wheatstone
Broadcasting of television using artificial satellites
Data Encryption Standard–based encryption on its audio signal. VideoCipher II was defeated, and there was a black market for descrambler devices which
Satellite_television
Reception of satellite television from FSS-type satellites
United States and Canada until the mid-1990s with the proliferation of encryption and the arrival of direct-broadcast satellite television services such
Television_receive-only
store-and-forward packet switching system; Roberts, Dr. Lawrence G. (May 1995). "The ARPANET & Computer Networks". Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved
List of pioneers in computer science
List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science
Type of business industry usually conducted over the internet
systems A timeline for the development of e-commerce: 1971 or 1972: The ARPANET is used to arrange a cannabis sale between students at the Stanford Artificial
E-commerce
Japanese standard for digital television and radio
Protection (DTCP) "Encryption plus Non-Assertion" mechanism to allow making multiple copies of digital content between compliant devices. There are two types
ISDB
Worldwide radio email messaging system that uses amateur-band radio frequencies
worldwide, Winlink provides for encryption via AES-256 for its most used protocols, Pactor and VARA. Such transmission encryption, once set up properly, is
Winlink
Transmission of information electromagnetically
Also in the 1940s, the invention of semiconductor devices made it possible to produce solid-state devices, which are smaller, cheaper, and more efficient
Telecommunications
Form of electronic commerce
1971 and 1972, students at Stanford and MIT used the internet precursor ARPANET to make a deal to exchange marijuana, but the interaction does not qualify
Online_shopping
Wireless communications systems using radio frequencies
Mobile radio or mobiles refer to wireless communications systems and devices which are based on radio frequencies (using commonly UHF or VHF frequencies)
Mobile_radio
require authorization of its users before allowing them to use any kind of encryption (for example; IpSec). They also will require authorization for any type
Telecommunications_in_Algeria
Non-commercial use of the radio spectrum
mode to permit radio licensing authorities to monitor the transmissions. Encryption, for example, is not generally permitted in the amateur radio service
Amateur_radio
Broadband network architecture term
central office is broadcast to each customer premises sharing a fiber. Encryption is used to prevent eavesdropping. Upstream signals are combined using
Fiber_to_the_x
Rollout of IPv6 across China
integrated IPsec feature which is considered safer, can run end-to-end encryption and prevents third parties from gathering data, resulting in a more secured
China Next Generation Internet
China_Next_Generation_Internet
(e.g. Diffie Hellman Ephemeral for key exchange, AES256 for symmetric encryption and SHA2/384 for message digest). It does server to client authentication
Identity Registration Protocol
Identity_Registration_Protocol
Communication using light sent through free space
be very narrow, which makes FSO hard to intercept, improving security. Encryption can secure the data traversing the link. FSO provides vastly improved
Free-space optical communication
Free-space_optical_communication
Computer malware timeline
computers running the TENEX operating system. Creeper gained access via the ARPANET and copied itself to the remote system where the message "I'm the creeper :
Timeline of computer viruses and worms
Timeline_of_computer_viruses_and_worms
Data Encryption Standard based encryption on its audio signal. VideoCipher II was defeated, and there was a black market for descrambler devices, which
History_of_television
Field radio communications systems
as well as circuit data modes are available, along with some form of encryption. The systems makes use of the available frequency allocations using time-division
Professional_mobile_radio
Digital representation of sampled analog signals
The first transmission of speech by digital techniques, the SIGSALY encryption equipment, conveyed high-level Allied communications during World War
Pulse-code_modulation
Amateur radio digital communications system
worldwide. This was prior to Internet flag day (1 January 1983) when the ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP) was replaced by the Transmission Control
AMPRNet
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
multimedia systems, multimedia telecommunication devices, consumer devices Cryptography — encryption, steganography, copyright protection Data compression
Discrete_cosine_transform
Individual connection to the Internet
speeds exceeded one megabit per second. The Internet developed from the ARPANET, which was funded by the US government to support projects within the government
Internet_access
Receiver designed to receive unencrypted broadcasts
reception of unencrypted transmissions. On occasion, where a pay-TV service's encryption system has been very seriously compromised, to the extent that it can
FTA_receiver
American activist and programmer (born 1953)
announced the plan for the GNU operating system in September 1983 on several ARPANET mailing lists and USENET. He started the project on his own and describes:
Richard_Stallman
Act of typing and sending a brief, digital message
cannot be decrypted even if one of the devices is compromised. A problem with this approach is that communicating devices needs to run compatible software.
Text_messaging
Research and scientific development company
(1960). "Silicon-silicon dioxide field induced surface devices". IRE-AIEE Solid State Device Research Conference. "1960 – Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
Bell_Labs
Morris Jr. of Cornell University launches a worm on the government's ARPAnet (precursor to the Internet). The worm spreads to 6,000 networked computers
List of security hacking incidents
List_of_security_hacking_incidents
– Natural language processing, Machine translation Leonard Kleinrock – ARPANET, queueing theory, packet switching, hierarchical routing Donald Knuth –
List_of_computer_scientists
Overview of UK digital TV platforms
V+ and formally known as TV Drive. On 1 November 2005 ITV turned off encryption on all of its satellite based signals, following the lead from the BBC
Digital television in the United Kingdom
Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom
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ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
ARPANET ENCRYPTION-DEVICES
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