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considered the Austrian Enlightenment to have been a pale reflection or an imitation of the German Enlightenment. Among the main Austrian enlighteners were
Austrian_Enlightenment
German intellectual and cultural movement
considered the Austrian Enlightenment to have been a pale reflection or an imitation of the German Enlightenment. The German Enlightenment influenced the
German_Enlightenment
Topics referred to by the same term
Enlightenment or German Aufklärung, in modern-day Germany Austrian Enlightenment or Austrian Aufklärung, in modern-day Austria Jewish Enlightenment or
Aufklärung
European cultural movement
The Age of Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason or simply the Enlightenment, was a period of intellectual and cultural flourishing in Europe
Age_of_Enlightenment
Topics referred to by the same term
Enlightenment, in the 18th century in modern-day Germany Austrian Enlightenment, in the 18th century in modern-day Austria Modern Greek Enlightenment
Enlightenment
Anti-democratic, reactionary philosophy
The Dark Enlightenment, also called the Neo-Reactionary movement (abbreviated to NRx), is an anti-democratic, anti-egalitarian, and reactionary philosophical
Dark_Enlightenment
Intellectual movement in 18th–19th century Scotland
The Scottish Enlightenment (Scots: Scots Enlichtenment, Scottish Gaelic: Soillseachadh na h-Alba) was the period in 18th- and early-19th-century Scotland
Scottish_Enlightenment
Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790
isolated Austria. He has been ranked with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs
Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Intellectual and cultural movement in 18th-century France
The French Enlightenment (French: les Lumières françaises, lit. '"the French Lights"'), (1715-1789) [1] was the intellectual and cultural movement that
French_Enlightenment
von Chotkow (1748–1824), Austrian Minister of Finance and Governor of Bohemia Johann Philipp Count Cobenzl (1741–1810), Austrian statesman Hieronymus von
List_of_Illuminati_members
1784 essay by Immanuel Kant
Question: What is Enlightenment?" (German: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?), often referred to simply as "What is Enlightenment?" (Was ist Aufklärung
What_Is_Enlightenment?
Habsburg Empire. In 1781, during the Austrian Enlightenment, Emperor Joseph II issued a Patent of Tolerance for Austria that allowed other confessions a limited
Religion_in_Austria
2005 book by Jan Assmann
rationalistic-utopian political ideas within Viennese Freemasonry and the Austrian Enlightenment. The book was nominated for the 2006 Leipzig Book Fair Prize. Meinhold
Die Zauberflöte. Oper und Mysterium
Die_Zauberflöte._Oper_und_Mysterium
Intellectual stance against mainstream attitudes of the 18th-century Enlightenment
The Counter-Enlightenment refers to a loose collection of intellectual stances that arose during the European Enlightenment in opposition to its mainstream
Counter-Enlightenment
18th-century colonial and early American intellectual ferment
The American Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and philosophical fervor in the British Thirteen Colonies in the 18th to 19th century, which led
American_Enlightenment
Philosophy during the Age of Enlightenment
Enlightenment philosophy was the philosophy produced during the Age of Enlightenment (late 17th and 18th centuries), originating in France, then western
Enlightenment_philosophy
Austrian philosopher (1757–1823)
Karl Leonhard Reinhold (/ˈraɪnhoʊld/; Austrian German: [ˈraɪnhɔld]; 26 October 1757 – 10 April 1823) was an Austrian philosopher who helped to popularise
Karl_Leonhard_Reinhold
Empire in Europe from 1804 to 1867
The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a multinational European great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out
Austrian_Empire
Austrian Holocaust survivors living outside of Austria. The Austrian government was sued for the Austrian involvement in the Holocaust and required to compensate
History of the Jews in Austria
History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria
Highest spiritual goal in Buddhist cultivation
The English term enlightenment is the Western translation of various Buddhist terms, most notably bodhi and vimutti. The abstract noun bodhi (/ˈboʊdi/;
Enlightenment_in_Buddhism
Habsburg monarch from 1740 to 1780
sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Slavonia, Mantua, Milan, Moravia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Dalmatia, Austrian Netherlands
Maria_Theresa
School of economic thought
work is still referred to as Austrian economics. Among the theoretical contributions of the early years of the Austrian school are the subjective theory
Austrian_school_of_economics
Italian cultural and philosophical movement
The Italian Enlightenment (Italian: l'Illuminismo italiano) refers to the intellectual and cultural movement that flourished in the region of modern-day
Italian_Enlightenment
Aspect of Polish history in the 18th-19th centuries
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in Western Europe, as the Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility)
Polish_Enlightenment
Political philosophy
by the ideas of the Enlightenment, espousing those ideas to enhance their power. The concept originated during the Enlightenment period in the 18th and
Enlightened_absolutism
1770s–1880s Jewish intellectual movement
literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern
Haskalah
Austrian politician (1739–1813)
(5 January 1739 – 5 January 1813) was a Saxon-Austrian civil servant. He served the government of Austria in a variety of capacities, including as governor
Karl_von_Zinzendorf
1740–1748 war between European powers
wealthy Austrian province of Silesia in December 1740. Neither side was able to achieve a decisive victory and despite success in the Austrian Netherlands
War of the Austrian Succession
War_of_the_Austrian_Succession
18th-century period of arts and sciences in Russia
The Russian Enlightenment (Russian: российское Просвещение) refers to the intellectual and cultural movement that flourished in the Russian Empire as
Russian_Enlightenment
Latin phrase meaning "dare to know"
Age of Enlightenment during the 17th and 18th centuries after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" (1784)
Sapere_aude
Science during the 16th-19th century
The history of science during the Enlightenment traces developments in science and technology as Enlightenment ideas and ideals were being disseminated
Science_in_the_Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment dominated advanced thought in Europe from about the 1650s to the 1780s. It developed from a number of sources of “new” ideas
Education in the Enlightenment
Education_in_the_Enlightenment
The role of women in the Enlightenment is often overshadowed by that of their male counterparts, however, more recent scholarship has focused on womens'
Women_in_the_Enlightenment
Secret police of the Archduchy of Austria (1786)
the Archduchy of Austria. The Secret State Police was established in September 1786, during a general reorganization of the Austrian police, under the
Geheime Staatspolizei (Austria)
Geheime_Staatspolizei_(Austria)
18th-century national revival and educational movement in Greece
The Modern Greek Enlightenment (also known as the Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment; Greek: Διαφωτισμός, Diafotismós / Νεοελληνικός Διαφωτισμός, Neoellinikós
Modern_Greek_Enlightenment
Galician and Czech rabbi and Jewish scholar (1786–1867)
Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport (Hebrew: שלמה יהודה כהן רפאפורט; June 1, 1786 – October 15, 1867) was a Galician and Czech rabbi and Jewish scholar. Rapoport
Solomon_Judah_Loeb_Rapoport
British biography award
Shortlist: Richard Bassett for Maria Theresa: Empress: The Making of the Austrian Enlightenment (Yale Press) Matthew Cobb for Crick: A Mind in Motion - from DNA
Elizabeth_Longford_Prize
Japanese Buddhist term for awakening
as "enlightenment", a word that is also used to translate bodhi, prajñā and Buddhahood. Satori means the experience of awakening ("enlightenment") or
Satori
Serbian author of literacy books (born c. 1530)
ISBN 978-3-86309-446-1. "Austrian Enlightenment in Cyrillic: Joseph Kurzbock's Cyrillic printing shop and the transmission of the Enlightenment to Austria's Serbs. (Report)"
Inok_Sava
King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786
commitment to enlightenment culture and administrative reform built the foundation that allowed the Kingdom of Prussia to contest the Austrian Habsburgs for
Frederick_the_Great
one must have the notion of God and reject it." In the period of the Enlightenment, avowed and open atheism was made possible by the advance of religious
Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment
Atheism_during_the_Age_of_Enlightenment
Austrian composer (1732–1809)
German: [ˈfʁants ˈjoːzɛf ˈhaɪdn̩] ; 31 March 1732 – 31 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was pivotal in the evolution of chamber
Joseph_Haydn
Stupa in Málaga, Spain
Benalmádena Stupa (Chan Chub Chorten in Tibetan) symbolizes Buddha's enlightenment, the realisation of the nature of the mind, and is one of the eight
Benalmádena_Stupa
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement taking place in Europe from the late 17th century to the early 19th century. The
List of intellectuals of the Enlightenment
List_of_intellectuals_of_the_Enlightenment
Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796
d'état. Her reign of over 34 years saw an era of prosperity during the Enlightenment in which many new cities, universities and theatres were established;
Catherine_the_Great
Philosophical movement leading to revolutions
The ideas of the Spanish Enlightenment, which emphasized reason, science, practicality, clarity rather than obscurantism, and secularism, were transmitted
Spanish American Enlightenment
Spanish_American_Enlightenment
developed a classical culture that found its greatest expression in the Enlightenment, with world class leaders such as philosophers Leibniz and Kant, writers
18th-century history of Germany
18th-century_history_of_Germany
The Song of Enlightenment (traditional Chinese: 證道歌; simplified Chinese: 证道歌; pinyin: Zhèngdào gē; Wade–Giles: Cheng-dao ke; Japanese: Shōdōka; Korean:
Song_of_Enlightenment
Sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism
The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment or Complete Enlightenment (traditional Chinese: 圓覺經; simplified Chinese: 圆觉经; pinyin: Yuánjué jīng; Japanese: 円覚経;
Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
Sutra_of_Perfect_Enlightenment
Catholic theological movement
of the convulsionnaires. In northern Italy, the influence of the Austrian Enlightenment brought Jansenism closer to modernity. However in the 19th century
Jansenism
Greek periodical
the Austrian authorities when the Greek War of Independence broke out. During the 18th century the ideals of the Western European Enlightenment and the
Hermes_o_Logios
Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792
land. Torture was also banned. In line with the theories of the Age of Enlightenment, he enlarged La Specola with medical waxworks and other exhibits, aiming
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Bilateral relations
settled in Austria-Hungary and Vienna and made fortunes there. A large part of scholars and intellectuals of the Modern Greek Enlightenment had their base
Austria–Greece_relations
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
Derakhshan, Wikipedia's goal as an encyclopedia represents the Age of Enlightenment tradition of rationality triumphing over emotions, a trend which he
Wikipedia
Political party in Austria
Parliament; of Austria's 19 MEPs, five are members of the SPÖ. The party has close ties to the Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB) and the Austrian Chamber
Social Democratic Party of Austria
Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria
Ethnic group
Serbs in Austria are Austrian citizens of ethnic Serb descent and/or Serbia-born persons living in Austria. According to official data from 2023, there
Serbs_in_Austria
1789-1848 period of major social and technological changes in Hobsbawm's historiography
Industrial Revolution. The French Revolution, inspired by the ideals of Enlightenment philosophy, spread ideas of democracy, nationalism, and liberalism.
Dual_revolution
Empire, Austria became the Austrian Empire, and was also part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. In 1867, Austria formed
History_of_Austria
Superior-General of the Society of Jesus
Gabriel Gruber, SJ (4 May 1740 – 7 April 1805) was an Austrian Jesuit and polymath of Slovenian descent. Aside from his classical formation for the priesthood
Gabriel_Gruber
Ideologies of change via capitalism and technology
on change. Land, having moved to China, also engaged with the Dark Enlightenment movement as part of his right-wing accelerationism, rejecting egalitarianism
Accelerationism
Spanish soldier, author, poet, playwright and essayist (1741–1782)
playwright and essayist. He was one of the major authors of Spanish Enlightenment literature. Before completing his twentieth year, Cadalso had traveled
José_Cadalso
Set of revolutions in 1848 and 1849
in the Austrian Empire took place from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Austrian Empire
Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Austrian_Empire
King of Spain from 1759 to 1788
beginning a conquest of the island's Austrian-held fortresses that ended in early 1735. Capua, the only remaining Austrian stronghold in Naples, was held by
Charles_III_of_Spain
Serbian writer and pedagogue (1739–1811)
protagonist of the Serbian national and cultural renaissance, he advocated Enlightenment and rationalist ideas, while remaining a Serbian patriot and an adherent
Dositej_Obradović
German and Austrian state legislature
Landtag of Lower Austria Landtag of Upper Austria Landtag of Salzburg Landtag of Styria Landtag of Tyrol Landtag of Vorarlberg As the Austrian capital Vienna
Landtag
French writer and philosopher (1694–1778)
(/vɒlˈtɛər, voʊl-/, US also /vɔːl-/; French: [vɔltɛːʁ]), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian. Famous for
Voltaire
Romanian writer
considered one of the most influential personalities of the Age of Enlightenment in Transylvania (the Transylvanian School). Maior was a member of the
Petru_Maior
Italian politician and patriot (1753–1816)
Napoleonic rule. In 1815, Milan fell under Austrian rule. Melzi d'Eril was cautious in his relationships with the Austrian Empire, avoiding direct confrontation
Francesco_Melzi_d'Eril
themselves as liberals. In the Austrian Empire, a national liberal current evolved in the 19th century. Liberalism in Austria reached its peak at the time
Liberalism_in_Austria
Person involved in activities for profit
Rhine Social Political State State-sponsored Welfare Theories American Austrian Chartalism MMT Chicago Classical Institutional Keynesian Neo- New Post-
Businessperson
Belief in a God who does not intervene in the universe
through nature itself. Since the 17th century and during the Age of Enlightenment, especially in 18th-century England, France, and North America, various
Deism
Learned society in Olomouc, Bohemia (1746–1751)
Society of Anonymous Scholars in the Austrian Lands") was the first learned society in the lands under control of Austrian Habsburgs. It was established, formally
Societas eruditorum incognitorum in terris Austriacis
Societas_eruditorum_incognitorum_in_terris_Austriacis
Dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945
deported to Austria. The Austrian federal chancellor rejected the request on the specious grounds that his service in the German Army made his Austrian citizenship
Adolf_Hitler
Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712–1778)
composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the
Jean-Jacques_Rousseau
Spiritual qualities for Buddhist Awakening
'factors of enlightenment, factors of enlightenment.' In what sense are they called factors of enlightenment?" [Buddha:] "They lead to enlightenment, bhikkhu
Seven_Factors_of_Awakening
German-Jewish novelist, religious commentator, and proponent of the Haskalah
Jewish Enlightenment. He wrote in Hebrew, Yiddish, and German; in 1819, he published the first Hebrew novel. Born and raised in the Austrian province
Joseph_Perl
English polymath (1642–1727)
inventor. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Isaac_Newton
Austrian film director and screenwriter
Markus Schleinzer is an Austrian film director, screenwriter, casting director, and actor. He is best known his feature films Michael (2011) and Rose (2026)
Markus_Schleinzer
Austrian imperial dynasty
the Holy Roman Empire was Joseph II, a sovereign raised during the Enlightenment. By the new ideals he brought, he implemented many reforms, most of
House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine
Peter (Perez) Beer (1758–1838) was an Austrian Jewish enlightenment thinker, teacher and historian. He also used the pen name Theophil Nikodem. He was
Peter_Beer_(historian)
Historic site in Austria
town of Melk, Lower Austria, on a rocky outcrop overlooking the Danube river, adjoining the Wachau valley, that belongs to the Austrian Congregation. The
Melk_Abbey
the 20th century, Austria (and especially Graz and Linz) was a popular destination for Greek students.[citation needed] The Austrian magnate of Greek origin
Greeks_in_Austria
King of Poland (1704–1709, 1733–1736)
Enlightenment. His court painter was André Joly. Stanisław was still alive when his great-great-granddaughter, Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria,
Stanisław_Leszczyński
Case of possession of child pornography against actor Florian Teichtmeister
On 13 January 2023, 43-year-old Austrian actor Florian Teichtmeister [de] was charged with possession of child pornography. On 5 September 2023, Teichtmeister
Florian Teichtmeister child pornography scandal
Florian_Teichtmeister_child_pornography_scandal
1789–90 event in the Austrian Netherlands
groups against the Austrian government. Joseph's reforms were deeply unpopular within the Austrian Netherlands. The Enlightenment had made few inroads
Brabant_Revolution
Emperor of the French (1804–1814; 1815)
Rhine on a front of 260 km (160 mi). Austrian commander Karl Mack von Leiberich had gathered most of the Austrian army at the fortress of Ulm in Swabia
Napoleon
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
Great"), who ruled from 1762 to 1796, presided over the Russian Age of Enlightenment. She extended Russian political control over the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russia
Scottish philosopher, judge and agricultural improver (1696–1782)
Scotland's Agricultural Revolution. A central figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, he was a founding member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh
Henry_Home,_Lord_Kames
goddess Hathor, passage to the underworld, eternal life Pipal Buddhism Enlightenment Filbert Florigraphy Reconciliation Fir Ancient Greece Male virility
List_of_plants_with_symbolism
German philosopher and founder of the Bavarian Illuminati (1748–1830)
Ickstatt was a proponent of the philosophy of Christian Wolff and of the Enlightenment, and he influenced the young Weishaupt with his rationalism. Weishaupt
Adam_Weishaupt
German historian (1923–2006)
"secrecy" and "hypocrisy" of the 18th-century German Enlightenment, and his preoccupation with Enlightenment as a source of conflict and crisis, has been read
Reinhart_Koselleck
Founder of Buddhism
personal name, but a title for those who have attained bodhi (awakening, enlightenment). Buddhi, the power to "form and retain concepts, reason, discern, judge
The_Buddha
enjoys widespread acceptance. A majority of Buddhists in the country are Austrian nationals (some of them naturalized after immigration from Asia, predominantly
Buddhism_in_Austria
Scottish philosopher and mathematician (1753–1828)
regarded as one of the most important figures of the later Scottish Enlightenment, he was renowned as a populariser of the work of Francis Hutcheson and
Dugald_Stewart
Jewish nationalist movement
new waves of antisemitism and in response to the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. By the beginning of the 20th century, the Zionist movement, led by
Zionism
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
burnings as a "spontaneous emotional outburst" by those who "shun popular enlightenment", and "more than anything else in the world, fear the influence of men
Albert_Einstein
Romanian writer (1754–1816)
historian, philologist, translator, poet, and representative of the Enlightenment-influenced Transylvanian School. As the director of Greek Catholic education
Gheorghe_Șincai
Ukrainian cultural and educational organization
enlightenment society aimed to preserve and develop Ukrainian culture, education and science, that was created in the nineteenth century in Austria-Hungary's
Prosvita
Literary movement
Spanish Enlightenment literature is the literature of Spain written during the Age of Enlightenment. During the 18th century a new mentality emerged (in
Spanish Enlightenment literature
Spanish_Enlightenment_literature
French writer and philosopher of the enlightenment (1657–1757)
accessible treatment of scientific topics during the unfolding of the Age of Enlightenment. Fontenelle was born in Rouen, France (then the capital of Normandy)
Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle
Bernard_Le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle
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