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Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) is a concept for the evolution of transport networks which allows for dynamic policy-driven control of an
Automatically switched optical network
Automatically_switched_optical_network
Computer network protocol
network automatically. The term ASTN replaces the term ASON (Automatically Switched Optical Network) and is often used interchangeably with GMPLS (Generalized
Automatic switched-transport network
Automatic_switched-transport_network
Optical network using a mesh topology
An optical mesh network is a type of optical telecommunications network employing wired fiber-optic communication or wireless free-space optical communication
Optical_mesh_network
Hardware device to access the data flowing across a computer network
However, modern switched network technologies create point-to-point links between pairs of devices, making it impossible to tap network traffic with this
Network_tap
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
cables, optical fibers, and wireless radio-frequency media. The arrangement of hosts and hardware within a network architecture is known as the network topology
Computer_network
Internet exchange point in Japan
features : the first is "Automatically switched optical patch panel" and the other is "PeerWatcher". When the "automatically switched optical patch panel" finds
Japan_Network_Access_Point
Topics referred to by the same term
Södermalm in Stockholm, Sweden Automatically switched optical network (nowadays Automatic switched-transport network) asON, antisense oligonucleotide
Ason_(disambiguation)
Network routing scheme based on labels identifying paths
multiple layer-2 networks to satisfy different types of traffic. Multiprotocol label switching belongs to the family of packet-switched networks. MPLS operates
Multiprotocol_Label_Switching
Standardized protocol
Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously
Synchronous optical networking
Synchronous_optical_networking
Use of light to convey information
on optical networking systems using optical fiber, optical amplifiers, lasers, switches, routers, and other related technologies. Free-space optical communication
Optical_communication
Optical IP Switching (OIS) is a novel method of creating transparent optical connections between network nodes using a flow-based approach. An IP flow
Optical_IP_Switching
Method for transmitting data over a computer network
Multi-bearer network Optical burst switching Packet radio Timeline of the history of the Internet Transmission delay Virtual private network "The real story
Packet_switching
Telecommunication system for establishing telephone calls
exchange, telephone switch, or central office is a central component of a telecommunications system in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or in large
Telephone_exchange
Electromechanical telephone switch
switch is the first commercially successful electromechanical stepping switch telephone exchange system. It was developed by the Strowger Automatic Telephone
Strowger_switch
Optical network component
In optical communication, a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) is a form of optical add-drop multiplexer that adds the ability to remotely
Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer
Reconfigurable_optical_add-drop_multiplexer
Telecommunications connection selection method
DATEX circuit switched data network) Optical mesh network Clos network Switching circuit theory Time-driven switching – a circuit-switching variant Schneps-Schneppe
Circuit_switching
This list of packet-switched networks is divided into three overlapping eras: early, isolated, networks before the introduction of X.25; the X.25 era
List of packet-switched networks
List_of_packet-switched_networks
Extraction of a signal from an optical fiber
Fiber tapping is a network tap method that extracts signal from an optical fiber without breaking the connection. Tapping of optical fiber entails diverting
Fiber_tapping
Communication protocol property
stateful. Circuit switched communication, for example the public switched telephone network, ISDN, SONET/SDH and optical mesh networks, are intrinsically
Connection-oriented communication
Connection-oriented_communication
Technique in packet-switched networks
In a packet switched network, burst switching is a capability in which each network switch extracts routing instructions from an incoming packet header
Burst_switching
Network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage
extensions. So-called director-class switches can have as many as 128 ports. In switched SANs, the Fibre Channel switched fabric protocol FC-SW-6 is used under
Storage_area_network
Wavelength switched optical network (WSON) Automatic switched-transport network (ASTN) E. Mannie, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) architecture"
Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
Generalized_Multi-Protocol_Label_Switching
Telecommunications industry term
Hybrid fiber–coaxial (HFC) is a broadband telecommunications network that combines optical fiber and coaxial cable. It has been commonly employed globally
Hybrid_fiber-coaxial
Telephone system with IP connectivity
circuit-switched networks, IP PBX utilizes packet-switched networks, allowing voice, data, and video to be transmitted over the same network infrastructure
IP_PBX
Linked hypertext system on the Internet
uses optical microsystems like tunable lasers, filters, attenuators, switches, and wavelength-selective switches to manage and operate these networks. The
World_Wide_Web
Light-conducting fiber
An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light from one end to the other. Such fibers are widely used
Optical_fiber
Hardware technology of keyboards
movement without needing to pass a static mechanical reset threshold. Optical switch technology was introduced in 1962 by Harley E. Kelchner for use in a
Keyboard_technology
System that transmits a signal from one place to another
technologies in the Internet and the public switched telephone network (PSTN) is synchronous optical networking (SONET). Also, transmission system is the
Transmission_system
Fail-safe access port for a network security appliance
The bypass switch or bypass tap removes this point of failure by automatically 'switching traffic via bypass mode' to keep the critical network link up.
Bypass_switch
Interface between a network device and the data link it communicates over
(MDI) describes the interface (both physical and electrical/optical) in a computer network from a physical-layer implementation to the physical medium
Medium-dependent_interface
Mechanical apparatus used to send messages
664–667. "J-M. Dilhac, "The Telegraph of Claude Chappe: An Optical Telecommunication Network for the XVIIIrd Century."" (PDF). "How Napoleon's semaphore
Semaphore
Call assistance services
and bridging between AUTOVON and the civilian network. AUTOVON was replaced by the Defense Switched Network in the early 1990s. International calls were
Operator_assistance
Telecommunications networks transmitted by radio waves
cellular network or mobile network (sometimes known as cellular communication network or mobile communication network) is a telecommunications network where
Cellular_network
synchronous optical networks such as synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). SNCP is a dedicated (1+1) protection mechanism for SDH network spans which may
Subnetwork connection protection
Subnetwork_connection_protection
Cable wired to allow two similar devices to be directly connected
devices of the same type, e.g. two computers (via their network interface controllers) or two switches to each other. By contrast, straight through patch cables
Ethernet_crossover_cable
Type of mobile phone
satphone) is a type of mobile phone that connects to the public switched telephone network through orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell sites
Satellite_phone
Communication using light sent through free space
networking over long distances. "Free space" means air, outer space, vacuum, or something similar. This contrasts with using solids such as optical fiber
Free-space optical communication
Free-space_optical_communication
Power-system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control devices. Substation automation refers
Power-system_automation
Telecommunications research company
as Nortel's private network (or enterprise) flagship offering. The SP-1 design was superseded by the DMS-100 central office switch and other members of
Bell-Northern_Research
Pre-cellular mobile telephone systems
that was part of the public switched telephone network, with their own telephone numbers, rather than part of a closed network such as a police radio or
Mobile_radio_telephone
and manage its new backbone network between Kingisepp, Russia and Stockholm. The next-generation managed optical network provides connectivity between
Telecommunications_in_Russia
the location of the telephone when dialing. The network operator provides the access codes automatically. 0 Samoa 00 – the recommended ITU prefix Africa:
List of international call prefixes
List_of_international_call_prefixes
Switched network of teleprinters
1980s. The technology operates over the circuits of the public switched telephone network or by private lines, using binary signals encoded with the International
Telex
This list of telephone switches is a compilation of telephone switches used in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or in large enterprises. Centura
List_of_telephone_switches
in addition to an ongoing research project. At that time, the Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN), carried most of the Defense Department's message traffic
Defense_Data_Network
Standard for data transmission in a local area network
Interface (FDDI) is a standard for data transmission in a local area network. It uses optical fiber as its standard underlying physical medium. It was also later
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
device that connects to a fiber optic network is known as an optical network terminal (ONT) or optical network unit (ONU). These are commonly used in
Modem
Type of computing virtualization
servers, switches and storage devices, or even cloud computing infrastructure, instead of having custom hardware appliances for each network function
Network function virtualization
Network_function_virtualization
the Internet to carry commercial traffic, as traffic transitioned to optical networks managed by Sprint, MCI and AT&T in the United States. Research at CERN
History_of_the_Internet
Global satellite telecommunications company
terminated SMS text messaging 9,600 bit/s circuit switched data calls (direct dial-up) 9,600 bit/s packet switched Internet access (direct Internet) One-way mobile
Globalstar
Telecommunications network in Australia
first Rudd government had proposed to develop a modern optical fibre telecommunications network to provide broadband access to 93% of the Australian population
National_Broadband_Network
Aircraft digital message communication system
aircraft, especially automatically generated ones, can be pre-configured according to message type so that they are automatically delivered to the appropriate
ACARS
Phone using one or more VoIP technologies
over an IP network, such as the Internet. This is in contrast to a standard phone which uses the traditional public switched telephone network (PSTN). Digital
VoIP_phone
Telephone address signaling protocol
directly dialed by the subscriber. An automatic switch-hook was designed by Hilborne Roosevelt. The first commercial automatic telephone exchange, designed by
Pulse_dialing
British computer scientist (1924–2000)
1969 to demonstrate the technology. Many of the wide-area packet-switched networks built in the late 1960s and 1970s were similar in nearly all respects
Donald_Davies
Person-to-person Plain old telephone service, or "POTS" Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Pupinization Receiver Off-Hook tone (ROH) Red telephone
List_of_telephony_terminology
Method to store and retrieve computer data using optics
Optical storage is a class of data storage systems that use light to read or write data to an underlying optical media. Although a number of optical formats
Optical_storage
Visual signaling device for optical communication
called an Aldis lamp or a Morse lamp) is a visual signaling device for optical communication by flashes of a lamp, typically using Morse code. The idea
Signal_lamp
Early packet switching network (1969–1990)
Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first computer networks to implement
ARPANET
American satellite TV provider
television networks filed lawsuits over "AutoHop", a feature in its recently released Hopper set-top boxes that allowed users to detect and automatically skip
Dish_Network
Set of waveguides including a closed loop
switch reliably and hence, are suitable as switching elements in all-optical networks." An all-optical switch based on a high Quality factor cylindrical
Optical_ring_resonators
Process of selecting paths in a data communications network
such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet. In packet switching networks, routing is the higher-level
Routing
Electrical component that can break an electrical circuit
switch Light switch Load control switch Membrane switch MEMS switch Optical switch Piezo switch Pull switch Push switch Sense switch Slotted optical switch
Switch
Telephone system typically used in business environments
the public switched telephone network Stations, or telephone sets, sometimes called lines by metonymy The PBX's internal switching network Uninterruptible
Business_telephone_system
Communication flowing simultaneously in both directions
twisted pairs inside the same jacket, or two optical fibers which are directly connected to each networked device: one pair or fiber is for receiving packets
Duplex_(telecommunications)
Audio communication over a telephone
through a public network, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), provided by a commercial telephone company or a private network, such as a private
Telephone_call
Automated fast response system
1992 for the centralized restoration of its digital transport network. FASTAR automatically reroutes circuits over a spare protection capacity when a fiber-optic
Fast_automatic_restoration
Major functions of mobile network
forced to switch off (by removing the battery, for example) without having a chance to notify the network with an IMSI detach and then switched on right
Mobility_management
Number for local emergency services
international number in the case of low network coverage. Because of the design of US central office (phone) switches, it was not practical to use the British
Emergency_telephone_number
Telephone call between different countries
countries. In the public switched telephone network (PSTN), these telephone calls are processed by international gateway exchanges (switches). Charges for these
International_call
Feature of a telecommunications network
Automatic number identification (ANI) is a feature of a telecommunications network for automatically determining the origination telephone number on toll
Automatic number identification
Automatic_number_identification
Technology discipline within engineering
components, such as routers, switches, cables, and some logical elements, such as protocols and network services. Computer network engineers attempt to ensure
Computer_network_engineering
Global system of connected computer networks
academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries
Internet
3G mobile telecommunications protocols
extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved
High_Speed_Packet_Access
Thomas Trouton and Alexander Trotter to assume they would be analogous to optical light. Following Hertz's untimely death in 1894, British physicist and
History_of_radio
Method of communication by radio waves
communications, ended in 1999 when the International Maritime Organization switched to the satellite-based GMDSS system. However it is still used by amateur
Wireless_telegraphy
Digital radio standard
the new national network Sound Digital launched with three DAB+ stations. A number of stations, such as Classic FM, have since switched from DAB to DAB+
Digital_Audio_Broadcasting
Numbering method for assigning routing addresses for telephones
the administrative regions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and in private telephone networks. In public numbering systems, geographic
Telephone_numbering_plan
Act of typing and sending a brief, digital message
type of compatible computer. Text messages may be sent over a cellular network or may also be sent via satellite or Internet connection. The term originally
Text_messaging
Satellite TV reception via a local area network
any IP network, depending on the configuration of the server, using wired Ethernet, wireless (WLAN, 4G), “Power Line” home networks, optical fibre, plastic
Sat-IP
Wi-Fi access point
Internet access, typically using Wi-Fi technology, via a wireless local-area network (WLAN) using a router connected to an Internet service provider. Public
Wi-Fi_hotspot
Type of low-noise block downconverter
transform information into human or machine interpretable data, e.g., optical images, video, code, communications, etc. Monoblock (or monobloc) low-noise
Monoblock_LNB
Computer network not fully connected by cables
performs routing. Ad hoc networks can "self-heal", automatically re-routing around a node that has lost power. Various network layer protocols are needed
Wireless_network
centers are operational there (2008) Iran's optical fiber network extends over 120,000 kilometers and has optical fiber connections with all neighboring states
Communications_in_Iran
Individual connection to the Internet
connections to customers are either AON (Active optical network) or more commonly PON (Passive optical network). Examples of fiber optic internet access standards
Internet_access
Storage of digital data readable by computers
original on 22 August 2009. Náfrádi, Bálint (24 November 2016). "Optically switched magnetism in photovoltaic perovskite CH3NH3(Mn:Pb)I3". Nature Communications
Computer_data_storage
Assembled components serving a common purpose for communications
variety of communication technologies. An Automatic call distributor (ACD) is a communication system that automatically queues, assigns and connects callers
Communications_system
Indian radar network
stations are also fitted with optical sensors, electro-optical sensors, thermal imagers, cameras, meteorological systems, an Automatic Identification System (AIS)
Integrated Coastal Surveillance System
Integrated_Coastal_Surveillance_System
American telecommunications company
Ciena Corporation is an American optical networking systems and software company based in Hanover, Maryland. The company reported revenues of $4.8 billion
Ciena
microphone) by W.W. Dean (Kellogg Co.) November 26, 1901 US 815176 Automatic Telephone Connector Switch (for rotary dial phones) by A E Keith and C J Erickson March
Invention_of_the_telephone
Telecommunication signaling system
how does it work?". Networking. Retrieved 2024-05-23. "The Bell System Introduces "Touch-Tone" Dialing, Enabling Calls to be Switched Digitally : History
DTMF_signaling
Hybrid video game console
eShop on a second Switch console, though requiring continuous online connection and other restrictions. The Switch does not use optical discs, and as such
Nintendo_Switch
Tripod-mounted mirror device used as solar telegraph
to automatically steer out the sun's motion. By 1884, all active units of the "Mangin apparatus", a dual-mode French Army military field optical telegraph
Heliograph
Wireless personal area network technology
BLE, formerly marketed as Bluetooth Smart) is a wireless personal area network technology designed and marketed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group
Bluetooth_Low_Energy
Early system for transmitting text over wires
telegraph instruments. In the 1840s, the electrical telegraph superseded optical telegraph systems such as semaphores, becoming the standard way to send
Electrical_telegraph
Device for sending telephone numbers
conjunction with improvements in switching technology. Almon Brown Strowger was the first to file a patent for an automatic telephone exchange on December
Rotary_dial
Nortel telecom switch
SuperNode units are carried by optical DS512 links. The operating system used by both generations of the DMS-100 switch was called Support Operating System
DMS-100
Sequence of digits assigned to a telephone subscription
telecommunication endpoint, such as a telephone, in a telephone network, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN). A telephone number typically consists of
Telephone_number
Automatic collection and transmission of data
data transferred over other media such as a telephone or computer network, optical link or other wired communications like power line carriers. Many modern
Telemetry
digital telephony. By the 1990s, telecommunication networks such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN) had been largely digitized with very-large-scale
History_of_the_telephone
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