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Book by Virginia Eubanks
Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor is a book by Virginia Eubanks. The book focuses on how automation negatively
Automating_Inequality
American political scientist, author
economic inequality, and data-based discrimination. Eubanks has written and co-edited multiple award-winning books, the most well-known being Automating Inequality:
Virginia_Eubanks
Decision-making process conducted with varying degrees of human oversight
ISBN 978-0-674-97084-7. OCLC 946975299. Eubanks, Virginia (2018). Automating inequality: how high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor (First ed
Automated_decision-making
Attribution of human traits to AI
Decision-Support AI". arXiv:2602.13625 [cs.HC]. Eubanks, Virginia (2018). Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. USA:
AI_anthropomorphism
Government utilizing electronic services
Eubanks, Virginia (6 August 2019). "Chapter 2: Automating Eligibility In The Heartland". Automating inequality : how high-tech tools profile, police, and
E-government
Use of various control systems for operating equipment
contingency and develop fully preplanned automated responses for every situation. The discoveries inherent in automating processes can require unanticipated
Automation
Illegal receipt of disability payments
Indianapolis Recorder. Retrieved 2025-10-07. Eubanks, Virginia (2018). Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. St. Martin's
Disability_fraud
Fought for Justice in Schools, The New Press Virginia Eubanks for Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor, St. Martin's
Lillian_Smith_Book_Award
apparently objective recommendations—a phenomenon sometimes called "automating inequality." The UCLA Law Review and other legal journals have examined the
Justice_technology
Defunct anti-poverty movement
Libraries. Retrieved 20 September 2016. Eubanks, Virginia (2018). Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. New York
Scientific_Charity_Movement
Mathematical inequality about convex functions
In convex analysis, Popoviciu's inequality is an inequality about convex functions. It is similar to Jensen's inequality and was found in 1965 by Tiberiu
Popoviciu's_inequality
The history of economic inequality is the study of the evolution of the uneven distribution of wealth or income throughout history between groups in a
History of economic inequality
History_of_economic_inequality
Human identity and digital technology
Reuters. Retrieved 2021-05-18. Eubanks, Virginia (Jan 2018). "Automating Inequalities: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police and Punish The Poor". St.
Digital_self-determination
Dominant post-WWII post-industrial global economy
Post-Fordist automated production and networks of smaller, more flexible manufacturing units supplying specialized markets. Increasing economic inequality of income
Late_capitalism
Characterization of how many integers are prime
= 1 and ζ(x + 2iy) stays analytic, the left hand side in the previous inequality tends to 0, a contradiction. Finally, we can conclude that the PNT is
Prime_number_theorem
Social equity in health
appear to be an effect of economic inequality across a population. Nations and regions with greater economic inequality show poorer outcomes in life expectancy
Health_equity
In the United States, racial inequality refers to the social inequality and advantages and disparities that affect different races. These can also be seen
Racial inequality in the United States
Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States
Vehicle operated with reduced or no human input on public roads
autonomous vehicle (AV) development, potentially perpetuating existing inequalities. In 2019, research from Georgia Tech revealed that autonomous vehicle
Self-driving_car
developed to automate the task of proving Shannon-type inequalities. Given an inequality, such software is able to determine whether the given inequality is a
Entropic_vector
Branch of artificial intelligence aiming to create AI systems with "common sense"
The inferences involved reduce themselves to solving systems of linear inequalities. To integrate that kind of reasoning with concrete purposes, such as
Commonsense_reasoning
Measure of women's representation in fiction
(or lack thereof) of women in fiction, and to call attention to gender inequality in fiction. The test is named after the American cartoonist Alison Bechdel
Bechdel_test
abbreviations to help process mail with optical character recognition and other automated equipment. There are also official USPS abbreviations for other parts
List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations
List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations
One's unique set of traceable digital activities
digital footprints to automate decisions across areas like employment, credit, and public services, amplifying existing social inequalities. Because marginalized
Digital_footprint
potential to facilitate labor in architectural firms, particularly in automating rendering tasks, thus reducing the workload on junior staff while maintaining
Artificial intelligence in architecture
Artificial_intelligence_in_architecture
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
find optimality or prove optimality by adding a small number of extra inequalities (cuts). They used this idea to solve their initial 49-city problem using
Travelling_salesman_problem
Country in East Asia
China's LGBTQIA+ Activism". In Yu, Haiqing; Creemers, Rogier (eds.). Automating Governance in China? Data-Driven Systems in the Scoring Society. Leiden
China
Liberian academic, activist and author
Jack; Tomlinson, Joe (25 January 2022), "Category Errors", Experiments in Automating Immigration Systems, Bristol University Press, pp. 50–73, ISBN 978-1-5292-1986-9
Robtel_Neajai_Pailey
International economic globalization
sustained economic growth is the level of income inequality. International inequality is inequality between countries. Income differences between rich
Economic_globalization
Technological phenomenon with social implications
biases can amplify existing social inequalities under the guise of objectivity. O'Neil argues that opaque, automated decision-making processes in areas
Algorithmic_bias
Area of research in Artificial Intelligence
transitions between states For quantities, determine landmarks and use inequality reasoning Example: If the temperature of water is below the boiling point
Qualitative_reasoning
Logical problem studied in computer science
difference logic is a sub-theory of linear arithmetic in which each inequality is restricted to have the form x − y > c {\displaystyle x-y>c} for variables
Satisfiability modulo theories
Satisfiability_modulo_theories
Software verification technique
2y and notes that, because the test in line 3 failed, x ≠ 100000. This inequality is called a path condition and must be true for all executions following
Concolic_testing
Lack of free time
or resources as in economic poverty. Time poverty is a result of time inequality, as a lack of autonomy over how to spend one's time fuels a lack of discretionary
Time_poverty
Manner of solving problems
the Judgement of Solomon, the Nine Dots Puzzle, and the sewing machine (automating the work rather than adding more workers) as examples, among many others
Lateral_thinking
Mathematical proof expressed visually
of a 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}} and b 2 {\displaystyle b^{2}} . Jensen's inequality can also be proven graphically. A dashed curve along the X axis is the
Proof_without_words
American multinational technology company
Giovanni; Scicchitano, Sergio (2021). "Working from home and income inequality: risks of a 'new normal' with COVID-19". Journal of Population Economics
umbilical points. Cartan–Hadamard conjecture: can the classical isoperimetric inequality for subsets of Euclidean space be extended to spaces of nonpositive curvature
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Country in West Africa
at some hotels and restaurants. There are a few internationally linked automated teller machines that accept Visa cards in Freetown. Two-thirds of Sierra
Sierra_Leone
Period of rapid progress in AI
Bell & Korinek (2023), the economic effect of AI could worsen economic inequality, which could potentially threaten democracy in ways which are separate
AI_boom
Compulsive consumption of negative online contents
over-consumption versus withdrawal. Internet portal Alt-tech Attention inequality Culture of fear Enshittification Hatewatching Mean world syndrome Tabloid
Doomscrolling
Australian and American mathematician (born 1975)
theorem, for an inequality he had not been able to prove himself, and records that an AI system had earlier confirmed the inequality numerically. He has
Terence_Tao
US-based software and services company
tracking illegal immigrants, especially its alleged effects on digital inequality and restrictions on online freedoms. Critics allege that confidential
Palantir
Social organizations at colleges and universities
Wiersma-Mosley, Jacquelyn D. (February 2017). "The Greek System: How Gender Inequality and Class Privilege Perpetuate Rape Culture". Family Relations. 66 (1):
College fraternities and sororities
College_fraternities_and_sororities
East Asian ethnic group
Sawat (January 2019). "A New Dataset on Horizontal Structural Ethnic Inequalities in Thailand in Order to Address Sustainable Development Goal 10". Social
Han_Chinese
Slogan used by anti-trans activists
whistle terms such as "adult human female" are often employed to evade automated hate speech detection models. Researchers from the University of East
Adult_human_female
beneficial to the music industry by driving conversations about economic inequality and antitrust laws in the US. Forbes reported scalping of the Eras Tour
Political impact of Taylor Swift
Political_impact_of_Taylor_Swift
Branch of mathematics concerning probability
Independence Conditional independence Law of total probability Law of large numbers Bayes' theorem Boole's inequality Venn diagram Tree diagram v t e
Probability_theory
Practice of publishing poor-quality outsourced reports as local news
Poynter, include: The content is generally produced by low-wage employees, automated content production, and templates. It might just list information without
Pink-slime_journalism
Diagram that shows all possible logical relations between a collection of sets
Independence Conditional independence Law of total probability Law of large numbers Bayes' theorem Boole's inequality Venn diagram Tree diagram v t e
Venn_diagram
Type of AI with wide-ranging abilities
Artificial brain – Emulation of animal or human brain Automated machine learning – Process of automating the application of machine learning BRAIN Initiative –
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
2016 document leak scandal
told them. In a document (released on May 6, 2016), Doe cited income inequality as the reason for the action and said the documents were leaked "simply
Panama_Papers
allegations against Mottola, saying that the broader issue of racial inequality in the music industry should be addressed separately. The controversy
Criticism_of_Sony
AI application in work environments
workers' time for other tasks, while opponents worry that AI perpetuates inequalities in the workplace and will eliminate jobs. Despite potential benefits
Artificial intelligence in hiring
Artificial_intelligence_in_hiring
2010s–present technological convergence era
processes, especially for blue-collar workers Increased risk of gender inequalities in professions with job roles most susceptible to replacement with AI
Fourth_Industrial_Revolution
Harmonic functions as solutions to Laplace's equation
is the consideration of inequalities they satisfy. Perhaps the most basic such inequality, from which most other inequalities may be derived, is the maximum
Potential_theory
Digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity
However, the emergence of the digital twin in healthcare also may lead to inequality, as the technology might not be accessible for everyone by widening the
Digital_twin
Degree of individual well-being
Report. However, since 2010, The Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the original HDI remains
Quality_of_life
White Guy Problem". The New York Times. Thomas, C.; Nunez, A. (2022). "Automating Judicial Discretion: How Algorithmic Risk Assessments in Pretrial Adjudications
Quantitative risk assessment software
Quantitative_risk_assessment_software
Logical operator in propositional calculus
disjunction signified by "∨" but is actually equivalent to the logical inequality operator signified by "≠", or what amounts to the same thing, the exclusive
Logical_equality
Expression in mathematics
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60858-2_9. ISBN 978-3-642-64588-4. "An Acyclic Inequality in Three Variables". www.cut-the-knot.org. Retrieved 2019-10-21. WLOG
Without_loss_of_generality
technological change on areas including communication, work, governance, inequality, the environment, ethics, and everyday life. It also examines debates
Technology_and_society
Worldwide economic crisis
"Analysis: American inequality is rising despite higher wages | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved March 11, 2024. "Wealth Inequality in the United States
2008_financial_crisis
Form of mathematical proof
{\displaystyle P(k)} is true. Using the angle addition formula and the triangle inequality, we deduce: | sin ( k + 1 ) x | = | sin k x cos x + sin x cos
Mathematical_induction
Governor of California since 2019
said that the death penalty is "a racist system ... that is perpetuating inequality. It's a system that I cannot in good conscience support." The moratorium
Gavin_Newsom
Compulsory contribution to state revenue
cause less societal harm. Progressive taxation generally reduces economic inequality through redistribution. Most taxes (see below) have side effects that
Tax
constructive mathematics, an apartness relation is a constructive form of inequality, and is often taken to be more basic than equality. An apartness relation
Apartness_relation
Average difference in remuneration amounts between men and women
likely to give promotions to men verbatim. Economic inequality Feminization of poverty Gender inequality Gender pay gap in medicine Gender pension gap Glass
Gender_pay_gap
Alternative form of government or social ordering
interpretation whether he was talking about her appointment, or the process of automating public procurements using Diella. Public opinion is torn on the topic
Government_by_algorithm
State of knowing or noticing something
to affect change by drawing public attention to issues such as gender inequality, racial discrimination, global warming, and specific diseases. The field
Awareness
Future capital of Indonesia
outside of Java. The plan was as part of a strategy to reduce developmental inequality between Java and other islands in the Indonesian archipelago and to reduce
Nusantara
Uncontrolled fire in forests or open spaces
Shenassa, Edmond D. (August 2006). "The Environmental 'Riskscape' and Social Inequality: Implicationsfor Explaining Maternal and Child Health Disparities". Environmental
Wildfire
Abundance of financial assets or possessions
human capital to be $1,152 trillion. According to the Kuznets curve, inequality of wealth and income increases during the early phases of economic development
Wealth
2026 encyclical of Pope Leo XIV
ecclesial relationships and structures from distortions that give rise to inequality, lack of transparency and abuse of power." On matters of artificial intelligence
Magnifica_humanitas
Logical connective OR
function Conjunction/disjunction duality Disjunctive syllogism Fréchet inequalities Free choice inference Hurford disjunction Logical graph Simplification
Logical_disjunction
via Internet Archive. Tackling social norms: a game changer for gender inequalities (Gender Social Norms Index). 2020 Human Development Perspectives. United
List_of_cognitive_biases
Scientific research paper file sharing website
the country, proposed by the government in 2023 for addressing access inequality by making papers available to institute members through bulk purchase
Sci-Hub
2014 nonfiction book by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee
inadequate. They use "spread" as a shorthand way to describe the increasing inequality that is also resulting from widespread new technology. They highlight
The_Second_Machine_Age
Afro-Brazilian activist
computational epistemicide to describe how automated systems do not merely reproduce social inequalities but actively erase entire epistemologies through
Nina_da_Hora
American multinational banking and financial services company
Fargo ranked number 33 among the S&P 500 companies for CEO—employee pay inequality. In October 2014, a Wells Fargo employee earning $15 per hour emailed
Wells_Fargo
Software system
Crown. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-553-41881-1. Thomas, C.; Nunez, A. (2022). "Automating Judicial Discretion: How Algorithmic Risk Assessments in Pretrial Adjudications
COMPAS_(software)
classification to shape an individual's life-chances—a form of economic inequality. Since the 1980s, neoliberal economic policy has created a correlation
Criticism of credit scoring systems in the United States
Criticism_of_credit_scoring_systems_in_the_United_States
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
\mathbb {R} ^{n}} , often specified by a set of constraints, equalities or inequalities that the members of A have to satisfy. The domain A of f is called the
Mathematical_optimization
Unit of measurement
14143. The OMG Automated Function Point (AFP) specification, led by the Consortium for IT Software Quality, provides a standard for automating the Function
Function_point
Axioms for the natural numbers
set Turing machine Type theory Related Abstract logic Algebraic logic Automated theorem proving Category theory Concrete/Abstract category Category of
Peano_axioms
Hardware description language
work. The rights holder for this process, at the time proprietary, was "Automated Integrated Design Systems" (later renamed to Gateway Design Automation
Verilog
Fixing defects in an engineered system
and to watch how the program responds. Delta debugging – a technique of automating test case simplification. Saff Squeeze – a technique of isolating failure
Debugging
introduced in South Africa on 8 October 1973, with the introduction of automated sorting. South African postal codes consist of four digits. Mail may be
Postal_codes_in_South_Africa
Use of knowledge for practical goals
fear that directed evolution could lead to eugenics or extreme social inequality. Nanotechnology will grant the ability to manipulate matter "at the molecular
Technology
Describes approximate behavior of a function
{\textstyle x\to \infty } does not indicate a limit, but the notion that the inequality holds for large enough x . {\textstyle x.} The expression x → ∞ {\textstyle
Big_O_notation
enabling robots to perform complex tasks like assisting in surgeries or automating factory assembly lines. Some funding also supported defense applications
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Brazil, initiated mainly by the Free Fare Movement, in response to social inequality in the country. Aécio Neves, a senator from the electorally-crucial state
2014 Brazilian general election
2014_Brazilian_general_election
optimization (SDO) is in building and construction sector. SDO emphasizes automating and optimizing structural designs and dimensions to satisfy a variety
Design_optimization
Country in Oceania
mixing as people moved to partake in the cash crop economy. The large inequality between colonial administrators and locals led to the emergence of what
Papua_New_Guinea
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
their unpaid carers might face inequalities in access to and the quality of care and support services. These inequalities can depend on various factors
Alzheimer's_disease
2025 book by Laura Bates
technologies can reproduce or intensify existing forms of misogyny and gender inequality. Bates argues that technological systems are shaped by the data, commercial
The New Age of Sexism: How the AI Revolution Is Reinventing Misogyny
The_New_Age_of_Sexism:_How_the_AI_Revolution_Is_Reinventing_Misogyny
Test to check if a hypothesis is rational
Mariusz A.; Lott, Christopher M. (October 2002). "Lessons learned from automating tests for an operations support system" (PDF). Software: Practice and
Sanity_check
Philosophical theory
production work are task-intensive. Moreover, the subsequent growth in income inequality and wealth disparity has recently emerged as a major socio-economic issue
Polanyi's_paradox
Central banking system of the US
electronically transferring funds through FedACH (the Federal Reserve's automated clearing house system), and beginning in 2023, facilitating instant payments
Federal_Reserve
Logical connective AND
logical equivalences First-order logic – Type of logical system Fréchet inequalities – Rules in probabilistic logic Homogeneity (linguistics) – Semantic property
Logical_conjunction
U.S. federal law enforcement agency
operational. The FBI has been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system, which IT experts consider woefully inadequate. In
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
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