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Machine for continuous flow gas compression
An axial compressor is a type of gas compressor that continuously pressurizes a working fluid. It is a rotating, airfoil-based device in which the fluid
Axial_compressor
Aerodynamic instability in axial or centrifugal compressors
Compressor surge is a form of aerodynamic instability in axial compressors or centrifugal compressors. The term describes violent air flow oscillating
Surge_in_compressors
Engine component
basic categories of gas turbine engine compressor: axial compressor, centrifugal compressor and mixed flow compressor. A fourth, unusual, type is the free-piston
Gas turbine engine compressors
Gas_turbine_engine_compressors
Gas turbine phenomenon
MiG-27 and Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II. Compressor axially-symmetric stalls, or compressor surges, are immediately identifiable, because they
Compressor_stall
Sub-class of turbomachinery
impeller axially from left to right. This turboshaft (or turboprop) impeller is rotating counter-clockwise when looking downstream into the compressor. The
Centrifugal_compressor
Machine to increase pressure of gas by reducing its volume
on a shaft (see axial piston pump). Household, home workshop, and smaller job site compressors are typically reciprocating compressors 1.5 hp (1.1 kW)
Compressor
Airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft
The patent showed a two-stage axial compressor feeding a single-sided centrifugal compressor. Practical axial compressors were made possible by ideas from
Turbojet
Chart showing compressor performance
of an axial compressor at the same time. They also occur in a centrifugal compressor at entry to the impeller and in the diffuser. The compressor design
Compressor_map
Turbojet engine
(32 cm) Dry weight: 101.5 lb (46 kg) Compressor: Single stage axial compressor, single stage centrifugal compressor Combustors: Annular Turbine: Single
Teledyne_CAE_J402
Early turbojet engine
design to be based on an axial-flow compressor. It was an extremely advanced design for the era, using a nine-stage axial compressor, annular combustor, and
Metropolitan-Vickers_F.2
Machine to pressurize air
screw compressor Rotary vane pump Scroll compressor Centrifugal (roto-dynamic or turbo) compressor Axial compressor, often used in jet engines. Another way
Air_compressor
Alternative vehicle power source
electrical generators.[better source needed] The load compressor is generally a shaft-mounted compressor that provides pneumatic power for the aircraft, though
Auxiliary_power_unit
American turboprop engine
multiple combustion cans. The GE axial compressor design was directly influenced by NACA with their 8-stage compressor. NACA had developed the theory and
General_Electric_T31
Axial flow turbojet engine
Wilde, a Rolls-Royce compressor designer, had applied for a patent "Axial flow compressor regulation" "to provide a compressor with a wide speed-range
General_Electric_J79
Early turbojet aircraft engine
production turbojet engine in operational use, and the first successful axial compressor turbojet engine. Some 8,000 units were manufactured by Junkers in Germany
Junkers_Jumo_004
Type of pump consisting of a propeller in a pipe
An axial-flow pump, or AFP, is a common type of pump that essentially consists of a propeller (an axial impeller) in a pipe. The propeller can be driven
Axial-flow_pump
Measurement indicator of fuel conversion
sweep. Overall pressure ratio 19.4:1 from 3 axial fan, 4 axial HP and 1 centrifugal. The axial compressor has a geometry applicable to its high speed
Jet_engine_performance
Brief description of components needed for jet engines
Decher,ISBN 978-1526759146, pp.143-146 Flow Matching Of The Stages Of Axial Compressors, Wilde, Technical Series No.4,ISBN 1 872 922 14 7, pp.53 and 67 Gas
Components_of_jet_engines
Turbine in which working fluid flows parallel to the shaft
runs around a shaft, as in a watermill. An axial turbine has a similar construction as an axial compressor, but it operates in the reverse, converting
Axial_turbine
1950s British turboshaft aircraft engine
for fixed-wing aircraft. A two-stage turbine drives the 10 stage all-axial compressor, whilst a single-stage free power turbine drives the load. The combustor
Rolls-Royce_Gnome
Axial-flow compressor jet engine
Electric/Allison J35 was the United States Air Force's first axial-flow (straight-through airflow) compressor jet engine. Originally developed by General Electric
Allison_J35
Afterburning turbofan engine that powers the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon
Dry weight: 3,035 pounds (1,377 kg) Compressor: Dual Spool Axial compressor with 3-stage fan, 10-stage compressor Combustors: annular Turbine: 2-stage
Pratt_&_Whitney_F100
Aircraft propulsion system efficient at a range of speeds higher and lower than sound's
pressure (HP) and low pressure (LP) compressors of a turbojet core. Only bypass air passes through the fan. The LP compressor exit flow passes through passages
Variable_cycle_engine
1940s British turbojet aircraft engine
AJ.65 for Axial Jet, 6,500 lbf the engine was based on an initial project concept by Alan Arnold Griffith. which combined an axial compressor with a combustion
Rolls-Royce_Avon
German turbojet engine
stage similar to a centrifugal compressor, and then a three-stage axial compressor. Many of the German jet-powered aircraft being designed near the end
Heinkel_HeS_011
Turbofan engine manufactured by Engine Alliance
712 kg (14,797 lb) Compressor: 24 swept wide-chord hollow titanium fan blades, 8.8:1 by-pass ratio; five-stage low-pressure axial compressor; nine-stage high-pressure
Engine_Alliance_GP7000
Hungarian turboprop engine
Budapest. Of axial-flow design with 15-stage compressor and 7-stage turbine, it incorporated many modern features. These included a rigid compressor-turbine
Jendrassik_Cs-1
Positive-displacement pump
stand-alone pump, a hydraulic motor or an automotive air conditioning compressor. An axial piston pump has a number of pistons (usually an odd number) arranged
Axial_piston_pump
Airbreathing jet engine designed to provide thrust by driving a fan
At the lower thrust ratings, instead of all-axial blading, the HP compressor configuration may be axial-centrifugal (e.g., CFE CFE738), double-centrifugal
Turbofan
1940s British turbojet aircraft engine
180 mm) Diameter: 37.55 in (954 mm) Dry weight: 3,050 lb (1,383 kg) Compressor: 13-stage axial flow Combustors: Annular with 24 hockey-stick vaporisers Turbine:
Armstrong_Siddeley_Sapphire
1957 turboshaft engine family by Turbomeca
engines. The early single-shaft Astazou has a two-stage compressor, with the first stage an axial and the second stage a radial design. It has an annular
Turbomeca_Astazou
Turbine engine driving an aircraft propeller
investigated axial compressor-based designs that would drive a propeller. From 1929, Frank Whittle began work on centrifugal compressor-based designs
Turboprop
Turboshaft with power from independent exhaust
General Electric T64 is a single-spool design that uses a 14-stage axial compressor; the independent power shaft is coaxial with the gas generator shaft
Free-turbine_turboshaft
1950s family of British fighter aircraft
prototype was lost in a crash. A day interceptor powered by a single axial compressor jet engine – either the Rolls Royce AJ.65 (later known as the Avon)
Hawker_Hunter
Jet engine
Ohain no longer favoured the centrifugal compressor for jet engines. He had been "sold" on the axial compressor as early as 1938, after a meeting with D
Heinkel_HeS_8
1940s British turboprop aircraft engine
named after snakes. The Mamba was a compact engine with a 10-stage axial compressor, six combustion chambers and a two-stage power turbine. The epicyclic
Armstrong_Siddeley_Mamba
Power source for starting large engines
usually mounted on an accessory gearbox. An early axial compressor turbojet had an ATS located in the compressor nose cone (eg particular variants of the J79)
Air-start_system
American turbofan engine
unusual; the core flow path is reversed twice. Aft of the fan, the axial compressor has five stages, after which the gas path progresses to the aft end
Garrett_ATF3
1963 turbofan engine family
(390 cm) Diameter: 49.2 in (125 cm) fan Dry weight: 4,741 lb (2,150 kg) Compressor: Axial flow, 1-stage fan, 6-stage LP, 7-stage HP Combustors: Nine can-annular
Pratt_&_Whitney_JT8D
Machine for exchanging energy with a fluid
aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and thermodynamics. Axial compressor Axial fan Centrifugal compressor Centrifugal fan Centrifugal pump Centrifugal-type
Turbomachinery
Gas turbine used to spin a shaft
generator' and the 'power section'. The gas generator consists of the compressor, combustion chambers with ignitors and fuel nozzles, and one or more stages
Turboshaft
was a small turbojet engine notable for its use of a supersonic axial-flow compressor. Development started at Fredric Flader Inc. in 1947, with the first
Flader_J55
Turboshaft aircraft engine
engine have seven axial compressor stages mounted on the HP shaft to supercharge a relatively low-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor. The -C20B version
Allison_Model_250
Proposed mode of passenger and freight transportation
capsules riding on air bearings driven by linear induction motors and axial compressors. The white paper showed an example hyperloop route running from the
Hyperloop
Turbojet engine
(< 4.5:1) axial compressor to handle adequately at any throttle setting including starting and acceleration, they could put two such compressors in series
Pratt_&_Whitney_J57
French military turbofan jet engine
(17.79 in) Dry weight: 295 kg (650.35 lb) Compressor: Low pressure: 2 stage axial, High pressure: 4 stage axial Combustors: Annular Turbine: Low pressure:
SNECMA_Turbomeca_Larzac
Turbofan engine produced by Rolls-Royce beginning 1993
fan is driven by a 5-stage axial LP turbine (3300 rpm), the 8-stage IP compressor (7000 rpm), and the 6-stage HP compressor (10611 rpm), each powered by
Rolls-Royce_Trent_800
Aircraft gas turbine function
Bleed air in aerospace engineering is compressed air taken from the compressor stage of a gas turbine engine, upstream of its fuel-burning sections. Automatic
Bleed_air
Fan that induces gas flow mostly parallel to the shaft
An axial fan is a type of fan that causes gas to flow through it in an axial direction from entry to exit, parallel to the shaft about which the blades
Axial_fan_design
Type of engine issue in aviation
have a variety of causes, such as fuel starvation, excessive altitude, compressor stall, foreign object damage deriving from birds, hail, or volcanic ash
Flameout
Type of continuous-flow turbine engine
1937. 1932: The Brown Boveri Company of Switzerland starts selling axial compressor and turbine turbosets as part of the turbocharged steam generating
Gas-turbine_engine
Turbojet engine component
engine. The combustion products have to be diluted with air from the compressor to bring the gas temperature down to a specific value, known as the Turbine
Afterburner
Piston engine starting system
recharged by an engine-driven compressor, negating the need to carry cartridges, but adding requirements for the compressor and air tank. Hybrid systems
Coffman_engine_starter
Turbofan aircraft engine family
a direct drive turbofan engine with a single stage fan, a 14-stage axial compressor with 6 stages of variable vanes including inlet guide vanes, an annular
Rolls-Royce_AE_3007
Rotor that increases fluid pressure and flow
more with an axial progressive channel that allows for solids to be openly handled when rotating. The main part of a centrifugal compressor is the impeller
Impeller
turbocharged, forced circulation, water-tube boiler which utilises an axial flow compressor and a gas turbine. Velox (Latin: "fast") boilers, also known as
Velox_boiler
Aerofoil; individual component of a turbine disc
through the compressor. The temperature is then increased by combustion of fuel inside the combustor which is located between the compressor and the turbine
Turbine_blade
2000s British turbofan aircraft engine
weight: 6,246 kg (13,770 lb) Compressor: single stage LP (fan), 8-stage IP axial compressor (IPC), 6-stage HP axial compressor (HPC) Combustors: Single annular
Rolls-Royce_Trent_900
Jet engine where combustion takes place in supersonic airflow
comparison, typical turbojet engines require multiple stages of rotating compressor rotors, and multiple rotating turbine stages, all of which add weight
Scramjet
Aircraft engine family
series, with the low-pressure compressor changed from a single-stage centrifugal compressor to a three-stage axial compressor, and the turbine modified to
Pratt_&_Whitney_Canada_PW100
Turbojet engine
3 kg) Compressor: 2-spool axial compressor LP compressor: 8-stage axial (4 stages titanium, 4 stages steel) HP compressor: 7-stage axial compressor Combustors:
Pratt_&_Whitney_J75
Turbojet aircraft engine
Junkers Jumo 004 axial-flow turbojet, which was known as the Zwiebel (onion) from its shape. The Atar 101E added a "zeroth" compressor stage, raising the
Snecma_Atar
Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
standard method for increasing airflow through a compressor running at low corrected speeds, compressor bleed, and being able to increase the afterburner
Ramjet
Chinese-American aerodynamicist (born 1968)
high efficiency and wide operating range centrifugal compressor and axial compressor compressors. He has published many papers in peer-reviewed academic
Cheng_Xu
Type of aviation fuel
less flammable and therefore safer to transport and handle. The first axial compressor jet engine in widespread production and combat service, the Junkers
Jet_fuel
British turboprop engine
Dry weight: 3,450 lb (1,565 kg) Compressor: Axial flow; 14 stages Combustors: 11 combustion chambers Turbine: Axial flow; two stages Maximum power output:
Armstrong_Siddeley_Python
Aircraft engine that produces thrust by emitting a jet of gas
The patent showed a two-stage axial compressor feeding a single-sided centrifugal compressor. Practical axial compressors were made possible by ideas from
Jet_engine
The patent showed a two-stage axial compressor feeding a single-sided centrifugal compressor. Practical axial compressors were made possible by ideas from
History_of_the_jet_engine
Turboprop aircraft engine family by Pratt & Whitney Canada
19 in (483 mm) Dry weight: 270 lb (122.47 kg) Compressor: 3-stage axial + 1-stage centrifugal flow compressor Combustors: annular reverse-flow with 14 Simplex
Pratt_&_Whitney_Canada_PT6
Theoretical gas model
These types of approximations are useful for modeling, for example, an axial compressor where temperature fluctuations are usually not large enough to cause
Perfect_gas
Bladed disk; machine part
blisks in the compressor section of its LEAP-X demonstrator engine program, which has completed full-scale rig testing. The compressor sections of PowerJet
Blisk
1940s British turboprop aircraft engine
with the axial LP compressor in front of what was, in effect, a scaled-down Derwent engine. Accessories were grouped around the axial compressor which conveniently
Rolls-Royce_Clyde
British diesel aircraft engine
already been designed. In this version an extra stage was added to the axial compressor/supercharger, eliminating the separate centrifugal part and the intercooler
Napier_Nomad
Air compressor
A scroll compressor (also called spiral compressor, scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump) is a device for compressing air or refrigerant. It is used in
Scroll_compressor
engine Length: 1,620 mm (63.8 in) Diameter: 550 mm (21.7 in) Dry weight: Compressor: Combustors: annular combustion chamber Maximum thrust: 19.57 kN (4,400 lbf)
SNECMA_M45
Turbojet Engine developed in 1947
weight: 2,554 pounds (1,158 kg) dry, equipped Compressor: 12-stage axial compressor Turbine: single-stage axial Fuel type: JP-1, JP-2, JP-3, JP-4 or MIL-F-5572
General_Electric_J47
1950s British aircraft turboshaft engine
000 mm) Diameter: 36 in (910 mm) Dry weight: 1,735 lb (787 kg) Compressor: 10-stage axial flow Combustors: 6 chambers Turbine: 3-stage Fuel type: Jet fuel
Napier_Eland
Proportion of ducted compared to combusted air in a turbofan engine
expansion through a propelling nozzle and produces all the thrust. The compressor absorbs all the mechanical power produced by the turbine. In a bypass
Bypass_ratio
Medium to transfer power in hydraulic machinery
components Accessory drive Air intake Afterburner (reheat) Axial compressor Centrifugal compressor Combustor Constant speed drive Impeller Nose bullet Propelling
Hydraulic_fluid
American manufacturer of small gas turbine engines
No. 1 single-stage centrifugal compressor, annular burner, centrifugally-fed atomizing nozzles, and a single-stage axial turbine. 60 lbf 1957 WR2-1 single-shaft
Williams_International
Soviet high-bypass turbofan
Dry weight: 4,100 kg (9,039 lb) Compressor: Single-stage fan, seven-stage IP compressor, seven-stage HP axial compressor Combustors: Annular combustion
Progress_D-18T
Total pressure ratio across a jet engine
divided by the total pressure at the entry to the compressor. Jet engines use either EPR or compressor/fan RPM as an indicator of thrust. When EPR is used
Engine_pressure_ratio
Aircraft cockpit with electronic displays
components Accessory drive Air intake Afterburner (reheat) Axial compressor Centrifugal compressor Combustor Constant speed drive Impeller Nose bullet Propelling
Glass_cockpit
Turbojet engine
706 mm Diameter: 298 mm Dry weight: 51 kg Compressor: four-stage axial compressor Turbine: single-stage axial turbine Maximum thrust: 3400 N Specific fuel
PBS_AI-PBS-350
Turbofan aircraft engine family
5-stage LP (low pressure) turbine, and a 16-stage HP (high pressure) axial compressor driven by a 2-stage HP turbine; the combustor is annular; separate
General_Electric_CF6
Refrigeration process
Diaphragm pump Axial-flow compressor of a jet engine Liquid ring Roots blower In order to lubricate the moving parts of the compressor, oil is added to
Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression_refrigeration
Type of rocket engine
components Accessory drive Air intake Afterburner (reheat) Axial compressor Centrifugal compressor Combustor Constant speed drive Impeller Nose bullet Propelling
Rotating_detonation_engine
American afterburning turbofan engine
31 in (79 cm) inlet Dry weight: 2,445 lb (1,110 kg) max weight Compressor: axial compressor with 3 low-pressure stages and 7 high-pressure stages Combustors:
General_Electric_F414
1990s British turbofan aircraft engine
pressure spool has an 8-stage axial compressor (9,100 RPM) and the High Pressure spool has an 6-stage axial compressor (13,300 RPM), both driven by a
Rolls-Royce_Trent_500
Supersonic turbojet engine with afterburner
the initial design used a low-pressure (LP) axial compressor and a high-pressure (HP) centrifugal compressor, each being driven by its own single-stage
Rolls-Royce_Olympus
Turbofan engine
870x1150x3150mm By-pass Ratio (SLS, ISA): 1 Configuration Fan: 2 Stage Axial Compressor: 6 Stage Axial Turbine: 1 Stage HPT - 1 Stage LPT Combustion Chamber: Through
TEI-TF10000
Military turbofan engine
(133 cm) Dry weight: 1,478 lb (670 kg) Compressor: Single-stage fan, 14 stage HP axial compressor Combustors: Axial, annular Turbine: 4 stage LP, 2 stage
General_Electric_TF34
Thermodynamic cycle
by Franz Stolze in Berlin (first axial compressor) 1906 Armengaud-Lemale gas turbine in France (centrifugal compressor, no useful power) 1910 First gas
Brayton_cycle
25-500-kW internal combustion engine, typically Brayton cycle-type
30–70 kW (40–94 hp) grew to 200–250 kW (270–340 hp). An MT consists of a compressor, combustor, impeller/turbine, and electric generator on a single shaft
Microturbine
1970s Soviet turbojet aircraft engine
Tumansky R-13 in MiG-21 fighters. The R-25 is a two-spool axial-flow turbojet with a new compressor with increased overall pressure ratio and airflow, variable
Tumansky_R-25
Device that imparts energy to the fluids by mechanical action
uses an open-type axial impeller. It is often called a Poseidon pump, and can be described as a cross between an axial compressor and a centrifugal pump
Pump
Engine where combustion is pulsed instead of continuous
components Accessory drive Air intake Afterburner (reheat) Axial compressor Centrifugal compressor Combustor Constant speed drive Impeller Nose bullet Propelling
Pulsejet
Type of rocket engine
components Accessory drive Air intake Afterburner (reheat) Axial compressor Centrifugal compressor Combustor Constant speed drive Impeller Nose bullet Propelling
Aerospike_engine
Gas turbine gearbox
between the compressor outlet and the combustor. In turboprops or designs with centrifugal compressors, it may be placed ahead of the compressor. For two-shaft
Accessory_drive
external air compressors now seen as a common starting method. Often only one engine needs be started using the APU (or remote compressor). After the first
Aircraft_engine_starting
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AXIAL COMPRESSOR
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AXIAL COMPRESSOR
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