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Tuareg name for a territory in northern Mali
instead of Tifinagh letters. Azawad, (Tuareg: ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴰⴷ; Arabic: أزواد) officially known as the Independent State of Azawad, was a short-lived unrecognised
Azawad
Militant group in northern Mali
The Azawad Liberation Front (ALF; Tamashek: ⵜⴰⴶⴰⵉⵜ ⵢⵏ ⵢⵙⵢⵍⵢⵍⵓ ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴰⴷ; Arabic: جبهة تحرير أزواد; French: Front de libération de l'Azawad, abbr. FLA) is
Azawad_Liberation_Front
Ongoing conflict in West Africa since 2012
Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), a group fighting for independence or greater autonomy of a region they called Azawad. The MNLA was initially allied
Mali_War
Militant attacks
April 2026, a series of joint coordinated attacks have been carried out by Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) and Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) across
2026_Mali_offensives
Mali resistance coalition
for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), The High Council for the Unity of Azawad (HCUA), and a faction of the Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA) that is active
Coordination of Azawad Movements
Coordination_of_Azawad_Movements
Flags of Mali
for Azawad Two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and white with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. 2011 Proposed flag for Azawad A white
List_of_Malian_flags
Territory administrated by the FLA
The Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) maintains control over several territories in northern Mali, primarily in the Kidal Region, as part of the ongoing war
Territory of the Azawad Liberation Front
Territory_of_the_Azawad_Liberation_Front
Militant group in Northern Mali (2011–2024)
of Tifinagh letters. The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad or the Azawad National Liberation Movement (French: Mouvement national de libération
National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad
Flag of the unrecognized state of Azawad
The flag of the State of Azawad, an unrecognized state that declared independence from Mali on 6 April 2012, is a horizontal green-red-black tricolour
Flag_of_Azawad
Early stage of the Mali War
the northern region of Mali, known as Azawad. It was led by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and was part of a series of insurgencies
Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)
Arab military organization active in northern Mali
Movement of Azawad (Arabic: الحركة العربية الأزوادية, French: Mouvement arabe de l’Azawad; MAA) was an Arab military organization active in Azawad/northern
Arab_Movement_of_Azawad
2012 proclamation of Azawad's independence from Mali
the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (French acronym: MNLA) unilaterally declared Azawad independent from the Republic of Mali in the wake
Azawadian declaration of independence
Azawadian_declaration_of_independence
Malian alliance of pro-government armed groups
factions within the Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA), called MAA-Loyalist Popular Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (MPSA, until November 2017, joined the
Platform_(Mali)
Tuareg political movement
The High Council for the Unity of Azawad (HCUA) (French: Haut Conseil pour l'unité de l'Azawad) was a Tuareg political movement formed on May 2, 2013,
High Council for the Unity of Azawad
High_Council_for_the_Unity_of_Azawad
Mali rebel group until 1991
Arab Islamic Front of Azawad (in French: Front Islamique Arabe de l'Azawad or FIAA) was a militant rebel group in northern Mali. It was headed by Ahmed
Arab_Islamic_Front_of_Azawad
Tuareg politician and military commander (born 1971)
the leader of the Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) since 2024. He also served as the secretary-general of the Coordination of Azawad Movements and was a
Alghabass_Ag_Intalla
2013 rebel group
The Islamic Movement of Azawad (MIA) was a short-lived rebel group advocating for Azawadian autonomy under Islamic law. The group was founded by Alghabass
Islamic_Movement_of_Azawad
Defense coalition in Mali
The Strategic Framework for the Defense of the People of Azawad (French: Cadre stratégique pour la défense du peuple de l'Azawad; CSP-DPA) was a coalition
Strategic Framework for the Defense of the People of Azawad
Strategic_Framework_for_the_Defense_of_the_People_of_Azawad
The following are the telephone codes in Mali. To call Mali, the following format is used: +223 XXXX XXXX. Calls within Mali use 8 digits and there are
Telephone_numbers_in_Mali
The Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad (French: Armée révolutionnaire de libération de l'Azawad, abbreviated ARLA) is a Tuareg militant rebel group
Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad
Revolutionary_Liberation_Army_of_Azawad
Tuareg political movement
Salvation of Azawad (French: Mouvement pour le salut de l'Azawad; abbreviated MSA) is a Tuareg political movement and armed group in Azawad, Mali. It was
Movement for the Salvation of Azawad
Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad
Armed group active in northern Mali
The Popular Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (Mouvement populaire pour le salut de l'Azawad) or MPSA is an armed group active in northern Mali. It
Popular Movement for the Salvation of Azawad
Popular_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad
Political and military party in Mali
The Coalition of the People of Azawad, also translated as the Coalition for the People of Azawad (CPA) is a Tuareg political and military movement formed
Coalition of the People of Azawad
Coalition_of_the_People_of_Azawad
Malian armed group alliance
(CPA) Congress for Justice in Azawad (CJA) Popular Front of Azawad (FPA) Popular Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (MPSA) Between April 30 and August
Coordination of Inclusivity Movements
Coordination_of_Inclusivity_Movements
Current calendar year
and damaging or destroying homes. April 25 – 2026 Mali offensives: The Azawad Liberation Front and JNIM launch several large-scale attacks, targeting
2026
Topics referred to by the same term
Tuareg rebellion may refer to various armed conflicts involving the Tuareg people of the northern parts of Mali and Niger and the western parts of Libya:
Tuareg_rebellion
Tuareg military leader (born 1977)
the Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) since 2024. He previously served as the secretary-general of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA)
Bilal_Ag_Acherif
2015 agreement
negotiations in Algiers between the Republic of Mali and Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA). The agreement was eventually terminated by the Malian government
Algiers_Accords_(2015)
1990–1996 Tuareg militant group in north Mali
People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (in French: Mouvement Populaire de Libération de l'Azawad, MPLA) was a Tuareg militant rebel group in northern
People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
People's_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad
and Côte d'Ivoire). Flag of the Arab Movement of Azawad, a militant organization active in Azawad/northern Mali. Flag of the Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense
Flag_of_Mali
Collective of Tuareg musicians from the southern Sahara Desert
Sahara region of southern Algeria and of northern Mali, in the region of Azawad. Considered pioneers of desert blues, the group's guitar-driven style combines
Tinariwen
The Popular Liberation Front of Azawad (in French: Front Populaire de Libération de l'Azawad) was one of several militant rebel groups active during the
Popular Liberation Front of Azawad
Popular_Liberation_Front_of_Azawad
Region of Mali
and declared independent by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) during the Tuareg rebellion of 2012. In the course of the conflict
Tombouctou_Region
Commune and town in Mali
National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad as part of the Tuareg rebellion for the independence of Azawad. A spokesman for the Malian military junta
Kidal
Quasi-state in the Sahel region
for the Defense of the People of Azawad, which held territory. During the 2026 Mali offensives, JNIM and the Azawad Liberation Front claimed partial or
Territory of Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin
Territory_of_Jama'at_Nusrat_al-Islam_wal-Muslimin
Militant Islamist organization in Mali
January 2013, a faction which called itself the Islamic Movement for the Azawad split from Ansar Dine. As of January 2013, this group was led by the prominent
Ansar_Dine
Urban commune and town in Gao Region, Mali
state of Azawad was proclaimed, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad took control of the governor's building, flying the flag of Azawad over
Gao
Italian semi-automatic pistol
Stato as late as 1988 Libya Mali − People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad Kingdom of Romania − Romanian Royal Army Yugoslav Partisans − captured pistols
Beretta_M1934
Liberation of Azawad split into four groups; the Popular Front for the Liberation of Azawad, the Revolutionary Army for the Liberation of Azawad, and the People's
Tamanrasset_Accords
Rebellion in Mali and Niger
Islamic Front of Azawad (FIAA) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MPLA or MPA) Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad (ARLA) Popular Liberation
Tuareg_rebellion_(1990–1995)
Malian army officer and governor (born 1964)
troops against Ansar Dine and the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) in the early stages of the Mali War. Gamou was born to a family of
El_Hadj_Ag_Gamou
fighters from the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and Islamic Movement of Azawad (MIA) in Kidal, Mali. Separatist Tuareg fighters rebelled
February_2013_Kidal_attack
Land Organisation Azawad Ethnic group: Tuareg Proposed state or autonomous area: Azawad Political party: Coordination of Azawad Movements, which includes
List of active separatist movements in Africa
List_of_active_separatist_movements_in_Africa
Coordinated assassination to Sadio Camara
base, assailants of Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) and the Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) targeted Malian Minister of Defence Sadio Camara's
Killing_of_Sadio_Camara
Dry basin that once carried a northern tributary of the Niger River
"savannah". Azawad, a term used for the portion of northern Mali claimed by the Tuareg rebel movement National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, is believed
Azawagh
Battle between MNLA and MOJWA in Gao, Mali
Battle of Gao was fought between the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and the Islamist Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA)
Battle_of_Gao
2016 battle of the Mali War
July 30, 2016, clashes broke out between GATIA and the Coordination of Azawad Movements in Touzik, Kidal Region, Mali. A week prior to the clashes at
Touzik_clashes
Malian politician (born 1950)
the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and his brother Alghabass joined Ansar Dine. On May 2, 2013, Intalla founded the High Council of Azawad (HCA), the predecessor
Mohamed_Ag_Intalla
Malian Tuareg soldier founder of Movement for the Salvation of Azawad
Malian Tuareg soldier and a founder of the Movement for the Salvation of Azawad. Ag Habi is a Chamamamas Tuareg, and was a colonel in the Malian army. He
Assalat_Ag_Habi
Country in West Africa
territory in the north, and in April declared the secession of a new state, Azawad. The conflict was complicated by a military coup in March 2012 and later
Mali
Pro-government armed group in Mali
d'autodéfense touareg Imghad et alliés, abbreviated GATIA) was an armed group in Azawad, Mali. Most of its 500 to 1,000 fighters were Imghad Tuaregs, supporting
Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies
Imghad_Tuareg_Self-Defense_Group_and_Allies
2016 clashes in Kidal Region, Mali
broke out between pro-government GATIA militiamen against Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) aligned groups near Adjlal, Kidal Region, Mali. The city
Adjlal_clashes
Azawad seized the town from the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA). The first major conflict between the Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA)
Battle_of_Ber_(2013)
2015 terrorist attack in Radisson Blu, Bamako
government) militants left Libya for Azawad,a region in Northern Mali for which the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) sought recognition as
Radisson_Blu_Bamako_attack
Soviet 7.62×39mm assault rifle
Liberation Army Kurdistan Workers Party National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad New People's Army People's Defence Force Palestine Liberation Organization
AK-47
Political entity
Republic of Serbian Krajina during the Croatian War of Independence, and Azawad during the 2012 Tuareg rebellion. The Islamic State is also widely held
Quasi-state
Malian politician
executive committee directing the self-proclaimed Independent State of Azawad as of 6 April 2012. His term ended on 15 June 2012, and he was replaced
Mahmoud_Ag_Aghaly
Battle between July 21-22, 2016
Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), High Council for the Unity of Azawad (HCUA), and the Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA) during the Second Battle
Battle_of_Kidal_(2016)
2013 battle in Northern Mali
Azawad victory but both sides suffered casualties. On 29 March, Tuareg specialists part of the MNLA (Movement for the National Liberation of Azawad)
Battle_of_In_Arab
Azawad (MAA) fighters in Tabrichat, Mali. Between January 16 and 20, just a week prior to the attack, Tuareg rebels under the Coordination of Azawad Movements
Battle_of_Tabrichat
Malian Tuareg militant (born 1954)
since the 1980s. He founded the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (PMLA) in 1988 and later became popular figure amongst Azawadian separatists
Iyad_Ag_Ghali
Terrorist incident in Mali
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
November_2015_Kidal_attack
Right to participate in one's own governance
Tuaregs succeeded in occupying their land and declaring the independence of Azawad. However, their movement was hijacked by the Islamist terrorist group Ansar
Self-determination
Commune and village in Tombouctou Region, Mali
mainly sand dunes and extends for 35,280 km2. The village was captured by Azawad Liberation Front and JNIM during the 2026 Mali offensives. Resultats Provisoires
Ber,_Mali
Informal currency transfer system
stimulating effect on local business activity. The 2012 Tuareg rebellion left Azawad without an official money transfer service for months. The coping mechanisms
Hawala
Armed conflict
Malian forces and moderate Tuareg rebel groups like the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA). Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) led by Mokhtar Belmokhtar
JNIM–ISSP_war
2026 battle in Anefis
country, capturing many cities such as Kidal and Aguelhok. On 4 July, the Azawad Liberation Front launched the first attack on the town, as part of a series
Battle_of_Anéfis_(2026)
Government based on Islamic law
State of Azawad – a former short-lived unrecognised state declared unilaterally in 2012 by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad Islamic State
Islamic_state
out in Léré, Mali, between the Malian government and the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) during stalled negotiations for the Algiers Accords. For
Battle_of_Léré_(2015)
Azawadi spokesperson and politician
Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and was based in Paris, France, as recently as 22 March 2012. He is one of the founders of the National Movement of Azawad and the
Moussa_Ag_Acharatoumane
War in West Africa
Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), which drew a support base from all Tuareg clans. The MNLA sought independence for a Tuareg state named Azawad located in northern
War_in_the_Sahel
Russian paramilitary group operations in Africa
up the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) – the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, the Arab Movement of Azawad, and the High Council for
Wagner Group activities in Africa
Wagner_Group_activities_in_Africa
Opérations Militaires" (in French). National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. 4 April 2012. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 23
List of Islamist quasi-states and rival governments
List_of_Islamist_quasi-states_and_rival_governments
French military operation in Mali (2013–14)
Civil War, Tuareg tribesmen of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) began a rebellion against Mali's central government. In April, the
Operation_Serval
Mittelafrika Igboland (Mbaise) Maputaland Azania Kalahari Borkou Ouaddaï Agadez Azawad Kanem Darfur Bahr el Ghazal Equatoria Greater Upper Nile Kordofan The Cape
List_of_regions_of_Africa
History of a city in the Republic of Mali
Christian population to flee the city. The MNLA declared the independence of Azawad, containing Timbuktu, from Mali on 6 April 2012, but was rapidly pushed
History_of_Timbuktu
Berber ethnic group of the Sahara desert
traditional homeland: Ténéré in Niger, including their capital Agadez, and the Azawad and Kidal regions of Mali. Deadly clashes between Tuareg fighters, with
Tuareg_people
Topics referred to by the same term
America Filamin-A, encoded by the FLNA gene National Liberation Front of Azawad (French: Front de libération nationale de l'Azawad) Ngoma Airport, Zambia
FLNA
Central Semitic language
million speakers), spoken in Mauritania, Western Sahara, some parts of the Azawad in northern Mali, southern Morocco, and south-western Algeria. Andalusian
Arabic
Paramilitary group
Mahjar-Barducci, Anna (6 July 2012). "MNLA: The Fight For A Secular State Of Azawad – Part II: Fighting Terror In The Sahel". Inquiry & Analysis Series Report
Ganda_Iso
Condition of a nation with self-governance
Scotland's Declaration of Arbroath in 1320, with the most recent examples being Azawad's declaration of independence in 2012 and Catalan declaration of independence
Independence
Malian rebel
Malian Tuareg rebel and Chief of staff of the High Council for the Unity of Azawad. Ag Bohada was born in Tessalit, Mali in 1967. He is a Tuareg from the Irradjanatan
Achafghi_Ag_Bohada
Tuareg rebel leader
1990s, fighting in Iyad Ag Ghaly's People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MPLA). He refused to join the Malian Army after signing the National Pact
Cheikh_Ag_Aoussa
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
2026_Dioura_attack
Attack by Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin against the MINUSMA
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
2019_Aguelhok_attack
Jihadi attack in Mali
colonel in the Malian army and later a rebel leader in the Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA), who defected to JNIM in 2024. The Malian defenders received no reinforcements
2025_Dioura_attack
Ethnic flag of the Berber peoples of North Africa
Arav Bessaoud Flag of the movement for the autonomy of Kabylia Flag of Azawad Yahia ARKAT (10 January 2019). "Aux origines de l'emblème amazigh" (in French)
Berber_flag
SpaceX satellite Internet constellation
chain. Starlink has also been adopted by the Azawadi separatist group, Azawad Liberation Front (FLA), as well as the armed forces of Mali. According to
Starlink
Militant jihadist organisation
kilometres apart were concurrently attacked. JNIM was supported by the Azawad Liberation Front (FLA), a group composed of pro-independence Tuareg people
Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin
Jama'at_Nusrat_al-Islam_wal-Muslimin
the time controlled by the MNLA, was attacked by the Arab Movement of Azawad's pro-government faction. The MAA captured the town, but quickly abandoned
Battle_of_Anéfis_(May_2013)
Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
goal of attaining independence for the northern region of Mali, known as Azawad. Since late 2016, massive riots have spread across Moroccan Berber communities
Berbers
Azawadi colonel
who is the chief of staff of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) army. He is thought to be born at the end of the 1950s in the Adrar
Mohamed_Ag_Najem
2021 battle of the Mali War
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
2021_Boni_attack
Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin attack on Malian forces
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
2017_Dogofry_ambush
2018 armed conflict in Mali
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
Youwarou_attack
2018 battle of the Mali War
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
Battle_of_Ber_(2018)
Between January 16 and 20, 2015, Platform and the Coordination of Azawad Movements clashed in the town of Tabankort, Gao Region, Mali. The clashes sparked
Battle_of_Tabankort_(2015)
Conflict in Archam, Mali
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
Archam_clashes
Continental union of African states
the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), the National Front for the Liberation of Azawad (FLNA), Ganda Koy, Ganda Izo, Ansar ad-Din,
African_Union
Suicide bombing in Mali
Kidal 2012 coup 2012 counter-coup attempt Djicoroni Internal conflict in Azawad: 1st Timbuktu 1st Gao 1st In-Delimane Tagarangabotte 2nd Ménaka Khalil In
2014_Aguelhok_attack
travel, tourism, insurance
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