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Search references for BACK VOWEL. Phrases containing BACK VOWEL
See searches and references containing BACK VOWEL!BACK VOWEL
Spoken sound from the back of the mouth
transcription delimiters. Back vowels are vowel sounds articulated with the primary tongue constriction located toward the back of the oral cavity, from
Back_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɑ⟩ in IPA
Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel
Open_back_unrounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɯ⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The close back unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel, is a type of
Close_back_unrounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨o⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The close-mid back rounded vowel, or high-mid back rounded vowel, is a type
Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ʊ⟩ in IPA
Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The near-close near-back rounded vowel, or near-high near-back rounded vowel,
Near-close near-back rounded vowel
Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨u⟩ in IPA
Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The close back rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound
Close_back_rounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɒ⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The open back rounded vowel, or low back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound
Open_back_rounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɔ⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The open-mid back rounded vowel, or low-mid back rounded vowel, is a type
Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ʌ⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The open-mid back unrounded vowel or low-mid back unrounded vowel is a type
Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel
Sound change in vowels
features that define the natural classes of vowels involved in vowel harmony include vowel backness, vowel height, nasalization, roundedness, and advanced
Vowel_harmony
Sound in spoken language, articulated with an open vocal tract
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic
Vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɤ⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The close-mid back unrounded vowel, or high-mid back unrounded vowel, is a
Close-mid back unrounded vowel
Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨o̞⟩ or ⟨ɔ̝⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages
Mid_back_rounded_vowel
The phonology of the open back vowels of the English language has undergone changes both overall and with regional variations, through Old and Middle
Phonological history of English open back vowels
Phonological_history_of_English_open_back_vowels
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɤ̞⟩ or ⟨ʌ̝⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The mid back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken
Mid_back_unrounded_vowel
Lip formation during the articulation of a vowel
as in most languages, the vowel with the greatest lip-spreading is /i/, as in the word see. When a (back) rounded vowel is pronounced, the lips form
Roundedness
Sound change in some English dialects
merger or low back merger, is a phonological phenomenon present in some dialects of English where speakers do not distinguish the vowel phonemes in words
Cot–caught_merger
Vowel shift
The low-back-merger shift is a chain shift of vowel sounds found in several accents of North American English, beginning in the last quarter of the 20th
Low-back-merger_shift
transcription delimiters. In English, many vowel shifts affect only vowels followed by /r/ in rhotic dialects, or vowels that were historically followed by /r/
English-language vowel changes before historical /r/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/r/
Sound changes
English have two close back vowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the close back rounded vowel /uː/ (realized as
Phonological history of English close back vowels
Phonological_history_of_English_close_back_vowels
Phonology of the Turkish language
the phonology of Turkish is a system of vowel harmony that causes vowels in most words to be either front or back and either rounded or unrounded. Velar
Turkish_phonology
Vowel sound represented by the schwa, ⟨ə⟩
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The mid central vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages
Mid_central_vowel
Pronunciation change in English between 1350 and 1700
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. The Great Vowel Shift was a series of pronunciation changes in the vowels of the English language that took place primarily
Great_Vowel_Shift
Speech sounds in several African languages
the tongue, without the release of the back of the tongue that is required for clicks to combine with vowels and form syllables. Anatomically, clicks
Click_consonant
Type of vowel sound
intermediate between that of a front vowel and a back vowel. The term central refers to an intermediate value on the backness dimension and is not synonymous
Central_vowel
Type of vowel
between vowels. Rounding has the effect of bringing a vowel further back in the mouth, so across the world's languages, it's more common for front vowels to
Front_vowel
Description of producing a sound
(fronted), retracted (backed), raised, lowered, centralized, or mid-centralized. The latter two terms are only used with vowels, and are marked in the
Relative_articulation
Schematic arrangement of vowels
dimension denotes vowel backness, with front vowels on the left and back vowels (or, under some analyses, raised vowels and retracted vowels) on the right
Vowel_diagram
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɐ⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The near-open central vowel, or near-low central vowel, is a type of vowel sound
Near-open_central_vowel
Process by which monophthongs become diphthongs and triphthongs
the triggering vowel or consonant. For example, the second segment may be /u/ (a back vowel) if the following vowel or consonant is back (such as velar
Vowel_breaking
when the nearest vowel letter is one of ⟨a, o, u⟩ and "slender" (palatalised) when the nearest vowel letter is one of ⟨e, i⟩. A back vowel is one of the
Scottish_Gaelic_orthography
Reference vowels used to describe the sounds of languages
far forward or back is the highest point of the tongue, and the position of the lips (rounded or unrounded). A cardinal vowel is a vowel sound produced
Cardinal_vowels
Vowel sound represented by ⟨a⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The open front unrounded vowel, or low front unrounded vowel, is a type of
Open_front_unrounded_vowel
Vowel sound often represented by ⟨ä⟩ in IPA
backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel. This often subsumes open (low) front vowels
Open_central_unrounded_vowel
Systematic change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language
A vowel shift is a systematic sound change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language. The best-known example in the English language is the
Vowel_shift
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ʉ⟩ in IPA
a close vowel (high vowel). Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel. Its roundedness
Close_central_rounded_vowel
Alphabets used to write the Kyrgyz language
being a back vowel and the latter a front vowel. Similar to other Turkic languages, Kyrgyz vowels are divided into front vowel and back vowel, and all
Kyrgyz_alphabets
Consonant sound change
has two possible results: a velar approximant or back vowel, or a palatal approximant or front vowel. In French, l-vocalization of the sequence /al/ resulted
Lenition
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɨ⟩ in IPA
as a consonant. Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel. It is unrounded, which
Close_central_unrounded_vowel
Type of vowel sound
unrounded vowel [ɑ] open back rounded vowel [ɒ] There also are central vowels that do not have dedicated symbols in the IPA: open central unrounded vowel [ä]
Open_vowel
Set of varieties of English language
higher vowel sound than prize and bride), the weak vowel merger (with affected and effected often pronounced the same), at least one of the LOT vowel mergers
North_American_English
described as front or back. Front vowels refer to vowels articulated towards the front of the mouth. This can either refer to vowels that are more front
Front_and_back
Sounds and pronunciation of the Hungarian language
contain back vowels affix back vowel suffixes, and stems that contain only front vowels affix front vowel suffixes. However, the front vowel stems distinguish
Hungarian_phonology
Class of vowel sounds
midway between an open vowel and a close vowel. Other names for a mid vowel are lowered close-mid vowel and raised open-mid vowel, though the former phrase
Mid_vowel
Finnic language south of Lake Onega, Russia
vowel harmony but in a much more limited form. Words are split into back-vowel and front-vowel words based on which vowels they contain: Back vowels:
Veps_language
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ø̞⟩ or ⟨œ̝⟩ in IPA
the vowels listed in the table below may phonetically be more back than typical front vowels, as near-front vowels. See mid near-front rounded vowel for
Mid_front_rounded_vowel
Consonants with similar features to vowels
r-colored vowels such as ⟨ɚ⟩ or ⟨ɝ⟩. The pharyngeal approximant ⟨ʕ̞⟩, considered to be the semivowel corresponding to the open back vowel ⟨ɑ⟩, which
Semivowel
Grammatical construct combining past tense with continuing aspect
vowel, because of the vowel harmony: -i if the preceding vowel is e or i (front unrounded): gel -> geliyor -ı if the preceding vowel is a or ı (back unrounded):
Imperfect
Spectrum of phonetic resonance in speech production
Front vowels have higher F2, while low vowels have higher F1. Lip rounding tends to lower F1 and F2 in back vowels and F2 and F3 in front vowels. Lowering
Formant
Pronunciation and sounds of Old English
⟨æ e y⟩, ⟨c g⟩ are velar [k ɣ~ɡ] in cases where the vowel developed by i-umlaut of a back vowel: e.g. cǣġ, gēs, gylden, cȳþan. (The i-umlaut of original
Old_English_phonology
Pronunciation of a vowel through the nose as well as the mouth
as in the French vowel /ɑ̃/ or Amoy [ɛ̃]. By contrast, oral vowels are produced without nasalization. Nasalized vowels are vowels influenced by nearby
Nasal_vowel
Anglian vowel; the West Saxon words would have developed to *sleap, *sheap. The vowel affected by this change, which is reconstructed as being a low back vowel
Phonological history of Old English
Phonological_history_of_Old_English
Group of words that fall under a single category
transcription delimiters. A lexical set is a group of words that share a particular vowel or consonant sound. A phoneme is a basic unit of sound in a language that
Lexical_set
Sound change within a word that indicates grammatical information
of vowel (quality) within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional). It is also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation
Apophony
Phonetic symbols with sounds
see Wikipedia Media help. This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet
IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio
Type of vowel system
languages employ both front and back vowels; however, in a vertical vowel system, the occurrence of front vs. back vowels is predictable, governed by one
Vertical_vowel_system
Stage of the English language from the contemporary period
is the form of the English language that has been spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, which began in the late 14th century and was completed
Modern_English
Topics referred to by the same term
Near-close near-back vowel may refer to: The near-close near-back unrounded vowel [ɯ̽] or [ɯ̞̈] or [ʊ̜] The near-close near-back rounded vowel [ʊ] This disambiguation
Near-close_near-back_vowel
Variety of the English language
merger in the speech of younger Singaporeans. The LOT vowel is a rounded, low back vowel [ɒ̝˖]. The vowel in THOUGHT/COURT may be longer and closer to cardinal [ɔː]
Singapore_English
Sound changes
affecting vowels, especially involving phonemic splits and mergers. The Great Vowel Shift was a series of chain shifts that affected historical long vowels but
Phonological history of English vowels
Phonological_history_of_English_vowels
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɵ⟩ in IPA
close vowel (a high vowel) and a mid vowel. Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel
Close-mid central rounded vowel
Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel
Sound change of vowels in Russian phonology
vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel
Vowel_reduction_in_Russian
Pronunciation differences in the United States and Canada
even yale. Northern U.S. English, however, tends to keep all these vowels more backed. Southern and some Midland U.S. accents are often most quickly recognized
North American English regional phonology
North_American_English_regional_phonology
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
northern Luzon to Manide. Back vowel fronting is the change of the vowel *u to /i/. It is related to low vowel fronting as back vowel fronting happens after
Manide_language
Type of sound change at morpheme or syllable boundaries
by whether the vowel preceding the glide is a front vowel such as Tamil: இ, ஈ, எ, ஏ or ஐ, romanized: i, ī, e, ē or ai or a back vowel, such as Tamil:
Sandhi
sound changes affecting vowels, especially involving phonemic splits and mergers. A number of these changes are specific to vowels which occur before /l/
English-language vowel changes before historical /l/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/l/
German dialect
general /h/ from /k/ develops a vowel to consonant harmony; becomes [ʃ~ʒ] after front vowels and [x~ɣ] after back vowels /g/ also develops this harmony
Central_Hessian
Chinantecan language of Mexico
present in vowel clusters following /u/, or when preceding the /j/ consonant, and may also have a higher central sound. The mid back vowel /ɤ/ tends to
Palantla_Chinantec
Arabic-based orthography for Tatar (1920–1927)
Yañalif alphabet. 10 vowels are defined. These occur in pairs, front and back vowels. Similar to other Turkic languages, Tatar has vowel harmony rules. Tatar
Yaña_imlâ_alphabet
Vowel sound represented by ⟨y⟩ in IPA
Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The close front rounded vowel, or high front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel
Close_front_rounded_vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ʏ⟩ in IPA
Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The near-close near-front rounded vowel, or near-high near-front rounded vowel
Near-close near-front rounded vowel
Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel
Proto-language of all the Slavic languages
rounding of back vowels was distinctive only between the vowels *y and *u. The other back vowels had optional non-distinctive rounding. The vowels described
Proto-Slavic_language
Concept in phonology
makes the vowels shorter as well. Vowels which have undergone vowel reduction may be called reduced or weak. In contrast, an unreduced vowel may be described
Vowel_reduction
Writing systems for the Bashkir language
two-dimensional vowel harmony rules, front versus back vowels, and rounded versus unrounded vowels. There are 9 vowel sounds in Bashkir, but the orthography only
Bashkir_alphabet
System of sounds of the Finnish language
unrounded vowel /æ/ is phonetically near-open [æ]. The unrounded open vowel transcribed in IPA with /ɑ/ has been variously described as near-open back [ɑ̝]
Finnish_phonology
Uralic language spoken in Russia
front vowels /i/, /e/. The pairs /t/ – /tʲ/, /d/ – /dʲ/ and /n/ – /nʲ/ also often alternate depending on a following or preceding back vs. front vowel. E
Erzya_language
Arabic-based script for Ottoman Turkish
ع غ ق, in back vowel (a, ı, o, u) contexts; and the neutral, ب پ ث ج چ د ذ ر ز ژ ش ف ل م ن, in either. In Perso-Arabic borrowings, the vowel used in Turkish
Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet
Phonology of the Irish language
before back vowels, e.g. tiubh /tʲuː/ ('thick') is pronounced [tʲjuː]. When a broad consonant follows a front vowel, there is a very short vowel sound
Irish_phonology
Variety of Canadian English
defined by the cot–caught merger to [ɒ] and an accompanying chain shift of vowel sounds, which is called the Canadian Shift. A subset of the dialect geographically
Standard_Canadian_English
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɞ⟩ in IPA
and a mid vowel. Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel. It is rounded, which
Open-mid central rounded vowel
Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel
Fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
open-mid back rounded vowel [ɔ] or an open back rounded vowel [ɒ]; in American English, it is most commonly an unrounded back [ɑ] to a central vowel [a].
O
Standard pronunciation of the German language
back /ɑ/. The latter occurs only in unstressed open syllables, exactly as /i, y, u, e, ø, o/. Standard Austrian pronunciation of this vowel is back [ɑ]
Standard_German_phonology
Emilian dialect of Parma, Italy
phonemic nature of vowels in Parmigiano. Traditionally, it is analysed as having a length contrast between vowels, with each vowel having a short and
Parmigiano_dialect
Vowel sound with tongue pulled into the pharynx
raised vowels constitute the traditional, but articulatorily inaccurate, category of back vowels; they may also overlap many of the central vowels. Moisik
Retracted_vowel
Type of vowel sound
usually associated with back vowels. This helps to reinforce the low-pitched formant frequencies associated with back vowels, making them more distinct
Front_rounded_vowel
Diacritic mark to indicate sound shift
result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example [a], [ɔ], and [ʊ] as [ɛ], [œ], and [ʏ])
Umlaut_(diacritic)
Language of the Osage people of North America
aspirated obstruents appear phonetically as affricates, and the high back vowel *u has been fronted to [y]. Osage is written primarily with two systems:
Osage_language
Scripts used to write the Azerbaijani language
Azerbaijani has a system of vowel harmony. Azerbaijani's system of vowel harmony is primarily a front/back system. This means that all vowels in a word must be
Azerbaijani_alphabet
Sound changes
differ between dialects. Allophonic i-mutation/Germanic umlaut: Short back vowels were fronted when followed in the next syllable by /i/ or /j/, by i-mutation:
Phonological history of English
Phonological_history_of_English
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɘ⟩ in IPA
vowel) and a mid vowel. Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel. It is unrounded
Close-mid central unrounded vowel
Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel
Writing systems used for the Tatar language
1941. [q] and [ʁ] are allophones of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the environment of back vowels, and the accepted spelling doesn't explicitly distinguish between the
Tatar_alphabets
Vowel sound represented by ⟨œ⟩ in IPA
the tongue is positioned halfway between an open vowel (a low vowel) and a mid vowel. Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned
Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel
Grammar of the Hungarian language
the 'fill-in' vowel position) and it can be 'filled in' with either 'a' (for back vowels), thus forming 'ban,' or with 'e' (for front vowels), thus forming
Hungarian_grammar
Earliest historical form of English language
preceding a back vowel ("back mutation"). Loss of /x/ between vowels or between a voiced consonant and a vowel, with lengthening of the preceding vowel. Collapse
Old_English
Oirat-Mongol dialects spoken in Kalmykia, European Russia
both front and back vowel words, e.g. һәәвһә /ɣæːwɣæ/ "good" and һалун /ɣalun/ "goose". Nonetheless, all consonants and neutral reduced vowel /ə/ are influenced
Kalmyk_Oirat
Official language of Mongolia
long vowel ий (ii). ‑ы (‑ii) after back vowel stems ending in н (n). ‑ий (‑ii) after front vowel stems ending in н (n). ‑ын (‑iin) after back vowel stems
Mongolian_language
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɜ⟩ in IPA
IPA: Vowels IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded The open-mid central unrounded vowel, or low-mid central unrounded vowel, is
Open-mid central unrounded vowel
Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel
Turkic language
vowel of a word is a back vowel, any subsequent vowel is also a back vowel; if the first is a front vowel, any subsequent vowel is also a front vowel
Turkish_language
Arabic language spoken in the Persian Gulf
that backness is not phonemically contrastive in short vowels. The most recent grammar of Gulf Arabic similarly points to a reduced central vowel [ə] as
Gulf_Arabic
First letter of the Latin alphabet
A (minuscule: a) is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its
A
travel, tourism, insurance
BACK VOWEL
BACK VOWEL
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Celebrity, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hebrew, Indian, Jamaican, Latin, Polish, Swedish, Swiss, Tamil
God is Gracious; Son of Jack; He who Supplants; Diminutive of Jack; Supplanter
Male
English
From the American English pet name for a "high-spirited young man," from the vocabulary word buck, BUCK means "male deer or goat."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived beside a stream, from northern Middle English bekke ‘stream’ (Old Norse bekkr).English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of various places in northern France, for example Bec Hellouin in Eure, named with Old Norman French bec ‘stream’, from the same Old Norse root as in 1.English : probably a nickname for someone with a prominent nose, from Middle English beke ‘beak (of a bird)’ (Old French bec).English : metonymic occupational name for a maker, seller, or user of mattocks or pickaxes, from Old English becca. In some cases the name may represent a survival of an Old English byname derived from this word.German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a baker, a cognate of Baker, from (older) South German beck, West Yiddish bek. Some Jewish bearers of the name claim that it is an acronym of Hebrew ben-kedoshim ‘son of martyrs’, i.e. a name taken by one whose parents had been martyred for being Jews.North German : topographic name for someone who lived by a stream, from Low German Beke ‘stream’. Compare the High German form Bach 1.Scandinavian : habitational name for someone from a farmstead named Bekk, Bæk, or Bäck, or a topographic name for someone who lived by a stream.
Surname or Lastname
German, Dutch, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German, Dutch, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German or Middle Low German banc, or Yiddish bank ‘bench’, ‘table’, ‘counter’, in any of various senses, e.g. a metonymic occupational name for anyone whose work required a bench or counter, for example a butcher, baker, court official, or money changer.Danish and Swedish : topographic name from bank ‘(sand)bank’ or a habitational name from a farm named with this word.Danish and Swedish : from bank ‘noise’, hence a nickname for a loud or noisy person. Compare Bang.Danish : habitational name from the German place name Bänkau.English : probably a variant of Banks.Americanized spelling of Polish Bąk, literally ‘horsefly’; perhaps a nickname for an irritating person.Hungarian (Bánk) : from a pet form of the old secular personal name Bán.
Surname or Lastname
English (Kentish)
English (Kentish) : from a medieval personal name, Pack, possibly a survival of the Old English personal name Pacca, although this is found only as a place name element and appears to have died out fairly early on in the Old English period. The Middle English personal name is more likely to be a derivative of the Latin Christian name Paschalis (see Pascal).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a wholesale trader, from German Pack ‘package’ (see Packer).Anglicized form of Dutch Pak.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : occupational name for a peddler (see Haack 1).North German : topographic name for someone who lived by a hedge (see Heck 2).North German : perhaps also a topographic name from hach, hack ‘dirty, boggy water’.Frisian, Dutch, and North German : from a Frisian personal name, Hake.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name from Yiddish hak ‘axe’.English : variant of Hake 1.George Hack (c. 1623–c. 1665) was born in Cologne, Germany, of a Schleswig-Holstein family, and emigrated to New Amsterdam where he practiced medicine and entered the VA tobacco trade. Colony records show that he and his wife, Anna, were formally made naturalized citizens of VA in 1658. He had two daughters, neither of whom married, and two sons: George Nicholas Hack, the founder of the Norfolk branch of the family; and Peter, for many years a member of the VA House of Burgesses, the founder of the Maryland branch. Hack’s descendants eventually changed the spelling of the name to Heck.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English bakke ‘back’ (Old English bæc), hence a nickname for someone with a hunched back or some other noticeable peculiarity of the back or spine, or a topographic name for someone who lived on a hill or ridge, or at the rear of a settlement.English : from the Old English personal name Bacca, which was still in use in the 12th century. It is of uncertain origin, but may have been a byname in the same sense as 1.English : nickname from Middle English bakke ‘bat’ (apparently of Scandinavian origin), from some fancied resemblance to the animal.Altered spelling of Bach 1, 2, or 6.North German : from Middle Low German back ‘kneading trough’, hence a metonymic occupational name for someone who made or used such vessels.Americanized spelling of Norwegian Bakk(e) (see Bakke).
Boy/Male
Shakespearean American Hebrew Polish English
Henry VI, Part 2' Jack Cade, a rebel.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name, Dæcca.Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a roofer, from dack, a variant of deck ‘roof’. Compare De decker.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a maker of sacks or bags, from Old English sacc, Middle High German sack, German Sack ‘sack’. Bahlow also suggests someone who carried sacks.German : topographic from Middle High German sack ‘sack’, ‘end of a valley or area of cultivation’.Dutch : from a reduced form of the personal name Zacharias.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from an acronym of the Hebrew phrase Zera Keshodim ‘Seed of the Holy’ (referring to martyred ancestors), or from a short form of the personal name Isaac.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname for a man with some fancied resemblance to a he-goat, Middle High German boc, or a habitational name from a house distinguished by the sign of a goat.Altered spelling of German Böck (see Boeck) or Bach.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Bock ‘he-goat’.English : variant of Buck.
Boy/Male
Scottish
Bank.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a man with some fancied resemblance to a he-goat (Old English bucc(a)) or a male deer (Old English bucc). Old English Bucc(a) is found as a personal name, as is Old Norse Bukkr. Names such as Walter le Buk (Somerset 1243) are clearly nicknames.English : topographic name for someone who lived near a prominent beech tree, such as Peter atte Buk (Suffolk 1327), from Middle English buk ‘beech’ (from Old English bÅc).German : from a personal name, a short form of Burckhard (see Burkhart).North German and Danish : nickname for a fat man, from Middle Low German bÅ«k ‘belly’. Compare Bauch.German : variant of Bock.German : variant of Puck in the sense ‘defiant’, ‘spiteful’, or ‘stubborn’.German : topographic name from a field name, Buck ‘hill’.Emanuel Buck came from England to Plymouth Colony in the 1640s and in 1647 settled in Wethersfield, CT.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and English
Scottish and English : from Middle English blak(e) ‘black’ (Old English blæc, blaca), a nickname given from the earliest times to a swarthy or dark-haired man.Scottish and English : from Old English blÄc ‘pale’, ‘fair’, i.e. precisely the opposite meaning to 1, and a variant of Blake 2. Blake and Black are found more or less interchangeably in several surnames and place names.English : variant of Blanc as a Norman name. The pronunciation of the nasalized vowel gave considerable difficulty to English speakers, and its quality was often ignored.Scottish and Irish : translation of various names from Gaelic dubh ‘black’ (see Duff).Danish and Swedish : generally, probably the English and Scottish name, but in some cases perhaps a variant spelling of Blak, a nickname from blak ‘black’.In some cases, a translation of various names meaning ‘black’, for example German and Jewish Schwarz.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English bark ‘bark’ (Old Norse bǫrkr), hence a metonymic occupation name for a tanner. See also Barker.North German : topographic name for someone who lived by a birch tree or in a birch wood, from berke ‘birch’, or alternatively for someone who lived on a mountain (see Barg).Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : of uncertain origin, perhaps a variant of Barak.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : variant of Backhus.Latvian (Baks) : derivative of the German surname.English : patronymic from Back 2.
Male
English
Originally a short form of surnames, mostly Scottish, beginning with Mac-, MACK means "son of," it is now sometimes given as a forename.Â
Male
English
Short form of English Zackary, ZACK means "whom Jehovah remembered."Â
Surname or Lastname
German
German : topographic name for someone who lived by a stream, Middle High German bach ‘stream’. This surname is established throughout central Europe and in Scandinavia, not just in Germany.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Bach ‘stream’, ‘creek’.English : topographic name for someone who lived by a stream, Middle English bache.Welsh : distinguishing epithet from Welsh bach ‘little’, ‘small’.Norwegian : Americanized spelling of the topographic name Bakk(e) ‘hillside’ (see Bakke).Polish, Czech, and Slovak : from the personal name Bach, a pet form of Bartomolaeus (Polish Bartłomiej, Czech Bartoloměj, Slovak Bartolomej (see Bartholomew) or possibly in some cases of Baltazar or Sebastian).
Male
English
Probably originally an Anglicized form of French Jacques, JACK means "supplanter," it is now considered a pet form of English John, meaning "God is gracious."
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