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Period of political protest in Algeria
The Berber Spring (Tamazight: Tafsut Imaziɣen or simply Tafsut for "Spring") was a period of political protest and civil activism in 1980, claiming recognition
Berber_Spring
Berber political movement of North Africa
Berberism, also known as Amazighism, is a Berber political movement that advocates for the recognition Berber (Amazigh) identity, languages, and rights
Berberism
Series of protests and demonstrations
"Black Spring" alludes to the events known as the Berber Spring of the 1980s, in which mainly Kabyle civil society activists challenged the ban on Berber culture
Black_Spring_(Algeria)
Ethnic flag of the Berber peoples of North Africa
The Berber flag or Amazigh flag is an ethnic flag used as a common symbol of related ethnic groups in North Africa. The flag was created to symbolize culture
Berber_flag
Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
Berbers, also known as Amazighs or Imazighen, are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa. They are primarily connected by their use of Berber languages
Berbers
Berber ethnic group
Kabyle, a Berber language. Since the Berber Spring of 1980, they have been at the forefront of the fight for the official recognition of Berber languages
Kabyle_people
Hostility, hatred, prejudice, or discrimination against Berbers
1980, protests known as the Berber Spring erupted following governmental measures seen as discriminatory against Berbers. During this event, 128 protesters
Anti-Berber_racism
Family of languages and dialects Indigenous to North Africa
languages spoken by Berber communities, who are indigenous to North Africa. Historically, they have been written with the ancient Libyco-Berber script, which
Berber_languages
Oasis in Matrouh, Egypt
Smith, Sylvia (31 August 2011). "Flying the flag for North Africa's 'Berber spring'". BBC News. Morocco. al-Naghy, Omar (29 September 2015). "Who are Egypt's
Siwa_Oasis
Agricultural calendar traditionally used by Berbers
The Berber calendar (Berber languages: ⵜⴰⵙⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, romanized: taswast tamaziɣt) is the agricultural calendar traditionally used by Berbers (Amazigh
Berber_calendar
1960s military conflict in Algeria
As the FLN promoted a unified and homogenous Arab nationalist identity, Berber languages and cultures were sidelined by the Algerian state. Another demand
Socialist Forces Front rebellion in Algeria
Socialist_Forces_Front_rebellion_in_Algeria
740–743 Berber secession from the Umayyad Caliphate
The Berber Revolt or the Kharijite Revolt of 740–743 AD (122–125 AH in the Islamic calendar) took place during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn
Berber_Revolt
Beliefs and deities of the ancient Berbers
The traditional Berber religion (also called Libyco-Berber religion or Amazigh religion, or Numidian religion) were various sets of beliefs and deities
Berber_traditional_religion
Tribes indigenous to North Africa
Berber tribes are tribes of Berber descent inhabiting the Maghreb region. They are traditionally divided into three large tribal confederations: Masmuda
Berber_tribes
Abjad writing system
The Libyco-Berber alphabet is an abjad writing system that was used during the first millennium BC by various Berber peoples of North Africa and the Canary
Libyco-Berber_alphabet
German actress, dancer and writer (1899–1928)
Anita Berber (10 June 1899 – 10 November 1928) was a German dancer, actress, and writer who was the subject of an Otto Dix painting. She lived during the
Anita_Berber
Algerian professor
was sentenced to one year in prison for commemorating the Berber Spring and the Black Spring. Biography portal U.S. Department of State report "Algeria"
Belaïd_Abrika
Berber people in ancient Northern Africa
The Numidians were the Berber population of Numidia (present-day Algeria). They spoke an Afroasiatic language known as the Numidian language. The Numidians
Numidians
Inhabitant of the Maghreb region in northwestern Africa
Arabized Berbers are Berbers whose language is a local dialect of Arabic and whose culture is Arab culture, as a result of Arabization. The widespread
Arabized_Berber
Amazigh nationalism, also known as Berber nationalism, is an anti-colonial movement which calls for Amazigh self determination, and for the Amazigh people
Amazigh_nationalism
History of the Berber people who converted to Islam
Maghreb, most Berber tribes eventually became Muslims. Presently, about one-sixth of the population of Maghreb speaks one of the Berber languages (mostly
Berbers_and_Islam
Region in northern Algeria
demonstrations on university campuses in Kabylia and Algiers, known as the Berber Spring, demanding the officialisation and recognition of the Tamazight language
Kabylia
Association football club in Algeria
as an identity marker of the Berber cause. Following numerous events that took place in Kabylia in the 1980s (Berber Spring), and because the name of this
JS_Kabylie
Script used for Berber languages
(Berber languages: ⵜⴼⵏⵗ; Neo-Tifinagh: ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ; Berber Latin alphabet: Tifinaɣ; Berber pronunciation: [tifinaɣ]) is a script used to write the Berber languages
Tifinagh
Smith, Sylvia (31 August 2011). "Flying the flag for North Africa's 'Berber spring'". BBC. Retrieved 1 July 2023. Languages of Libya, Ethnologue Italian
Languages_of_Libya
Discussion of ethnonyms for the Imazighen
Look up Berber in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The indigenous population of the Maghreb region of North Africa have been referred to by various names
Names_of_the_Berber_people
Kingdom in North Africa, 202 to 25 BC
Regnum Numidiae) was the ancient Libyan kingdom of the indigenous Numidian Berbers in Northwest Africa during the Hellenistic period. Initially comprising
Numidia
1870 French decree regarding Algerian Jews
made the native Algerian Jews French citizens, while their Muslim Arab and Berber neighbors were excluded and remained under the second-class indigenous status
Crémieux_Decree
2nd-century BC King of Numidia
Jugurtha matches the ancient naming traditions of Berber peoples and is likely analyzable as the Libyco-Berber word yugurtən “he exceeded them” connected to
Jugurtha
History of the Berber kings of the Numidia in modern day Algeria
For nearly 250 years, Berber kings of the 'House of Masinissa' ruled in Numidia in modern day Algeria, and later in adjacent regions, first as sovereigns
Berber kings of Roman-era Tunisia
Berber_kings_of_Roman-era_Tunisia
Berber language of northern Algeria
Berber language spoken by the Kabyle people in the north and northeast of Algeria. It is spoken primarily in Kabylia. Estimating the number of Berber
Kabyle_language
Geographic region
Revolution; the Iran–Iraq War; Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict; the Berber Spring; the Toyota War; the Invasion of Kuwait and the Gulf War; the Algerian
Middle_East_and_North_Africa
Government in North Africa
Kingdom of the Aurès (Latin: Regnum Aurasium) was an independent Christian Berber kingdom primarily located in the Aurès Mountains of present-day north-eastern
Kingdom_of_the_Aurès
Kingdom in present-day Algeria
The Kingdom of Altava was an independent Christian Berber kingdom centered on the city of Altava in present-day northern Algeria. The Kingdom of Altava
Kingdom_of_Altava
Germanic-Iranic Kingdom in North Africa
Andy (2004). "Vandals, Romans and Berbers: Understanding Late Antique North Africa". Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North
Vandal_Kingdom
Nationalism in Algeria
eventually resulted in massive riots mostly by Berber students and violent repression in 1980 known as the Berber Spring. The violent repression by the state authorities
Algerian_nationalism
unwieldy state corporations. The Benjedid regime was also marked by the Berber Spring protests from Kabyle university students who objected to Arabization
History of Algeria (1962–1999)
History_of_Algeria_(1962–1999)
Early medieval Christian Romano-Berber state
Masuna, also described as the Mauro-Roman kingdom of Altava, was a Christian Berber kingdom which dominated much of the ancient Roman province of Mauretania
Mauro-Roman_Kingdom
People of Morocco
Morocco. The country's population is predominantly composed of Arabs and Berbers (Amazighs). The term also applies more broadly to those who share a common
Moroccans
7th-century Berber Christian ruler
was a 7th-century Berber Christian ruler of the kingdom of Altava and leader of the Awraba tribe, a Christianised sedentary Berber tribe of the Aures
Kusaila
Algerian writer, anthropologist and linguist
Tizi Ouzou on kabyle poetry caused riots and what would be called the Berber Spring in Kabylie. In 1982, he founded the Center of Amazigh Studies and Research
Mouloud_Mammeri
Eighth century state in modern Algeria
founded by Berbers of the Banu Ifran in the eighth century, with its capital at Tlemcen in modern Algeria. The Banu Ifran were a Zenata Berber tribe who
Emirate_of_Tlemcen
Berber ethnic group
With the spread of the Berber Spring in Algeria to Berber territory during the 1980s, the Berbers sought to reaffirm their Berber roots. The Ishelhien mainly
Shilha_people
Historic region of Northern Africa
by Awraba Berber chieftain Kusaila, 683–686. Zuhayr ibn Qays, 683–689 — initially only Barqa, retook Byzacena in 686. Zuhayr killed. Berbers under Kahina
Ifriqiya
Algerian musician (1956–1998)
of the "Berber Spring" protest movement in Kabylia. His music mixes Algerian Andalucian Chaabi orchestration with politicized Kabyle (Berber) lyrics,
Lounès_Matoub
Topics referred to by the same term
following: Mokrani Revolt Socialist Forces Front rebellion in Algeria Berber Spring Black Spring (Algeria) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
Kabylie_Conflict
City and commune in Béjaïa Province, Algeria
was one of the centers of Berber identity claims during the Berber Spring of 1980; and in 2001, during the Black Spring. If it struggles to establish
Béjaïa
The Kingdom of the Nemencha is the name given to a postulated Romano-Berber kingdom located in the Nemencha Mountains of what is present-day Algeria. The
Kingdom_of_the_Nemencha
Algerian singer (1945–2020)
identity once again at "Le Zénith" in Paris at the "21st Berber Spring", a celebration of Berber culture. On 8 July that year, he organised a special fund-raising
Idir_(singer)
Romano-Berber kingdom
known as the Kingdom of the Djeddars) is the name of a possible Romano-Berber kingdom located in what is present-day Algeria. The existence of the kingdom
Kingdom_of_Ouarsenis
1992–2002 conflict between the Algerian government and Islamist rebels
rejection of army rule and dictatorship, recognition of Islam, Arab and Berber ethnic identity as essential aspects of Algeria's national identity, demand
Algerian_Civil_War
Ethnic group
Berber Americans, American Berbers, or Amazigh Americans are Americans of Berber (or Amazigh) descent. 1,327 people declared Berber ancestry in the 2000
Berber_Americans
Political party in Algeria
The Arouch Movement or Berber Arouch Citizens' Movement (Kabyle: Leɛṛac; French: Mouvement citoyen des Aarchs) is an organization in Algeria representing
Berber Arouch Citizens' Movement
Berber_Arouch_Citizens'_Movement
Algerian country (1832–1847)
coup d'état Berber Spring 1988 riots 1990s–2000s Algerian Civil War Timeline Massacres FIS GIA High Council of State Civil Concord Black Spring Peace Charter
Emirate_of_Abdelkader
Tuareg confederation in Algeria
coup d'état Berber Spring 1988 riots 1990s–2000s Algerian Civil War Timeline Massacres FIS GIA High Council of State Civil Concord Black Spring Peace Charter
Kel_Ahaggar
Historical period (6th-8th c.)
control in the spring of 610. In the spring/summer of 610, Heraclius (the younger) sailed to Constantinople with a fleet mostly manned by Berbers, where he
Byzantine_North_Africa
Roman province in northwest Africa
coup d'état Berber Spring 1988 riots 1990s–2000s Algerian Civil War Timeline Massacres FIS GIA High Council of State Civil Concord Black Spring Peace Charter
Mauretania_Caesariensis
Historic division of the Byzantine Empire
the forces of Uqba ibn Nafi at the Battle of Vescera in 682, aided by the Berber king, Kusaila. This victory forced the Muslim forces to retreat to Egypt
Exarchate_of_Africa
Attempted coup in French Algeria during the Algerian War
coup d'état Berber Spring 1988 riots 1990s–2000s Algerian Civil War Timeline Massacres FIS GIA High Council of State Civil Concord Black Spring Peace Charter
Algiers_putsch_of_1961
1963 conflict between Algeria and Morocco
opposition movements as unpatriotic. The Moroccan UNFP and the Algerian-Berber FFS of Aït Ahmed both suffered as a result. In the case of UNFP, its leader
Sand_War
1285–1510 Sunni Berber dynasty of North Africa
Abd al-Aziz II named Abu-l-Hasan Ali as the governor of Béjaïa. In the spring of 1436, Abu-l-Hasan won the support of the Awlad Abi-l-Layl in his bid
Hafsids_of_Béjaïa
1510–1872, Kabyle Berber state in North Africa
Hafsid emirs, and organized raids in the hinterland from this position. The Berbers of the region sought protection in the interior and took as their new capital
Kingdom_of_Beni_Abbas
1962 peace treaty for Algerian independence from France
Dependence. Gower Publishing Company, Ltd. (Hampshire: 1977). Barkaoui, Miloud (Spring 1999). "Kennedy and the Cold War imbroglio - the case of Algeria's independence"
Évian_Accords
Region of North Africa; the western half of the Arab world
Hammudids, Nasrids, Saadians, Alawites and the Sennusids, as well as the Berber empires of the Ifranids, Almoravids, Almohads, Hammadids, Zirids, Marinids
Maghreb
Ethnic group
The Chenoua people (Shenwa: Icenwiyen / ⵉⵛⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ, Arabic: شنوة) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Mount Chenoua and the Dahra Mountain Range in northern
Chenoua_people
First King of Numidia from 202 BC to 148 BC
an ancient Numidian king best known for leading a federation of Massylii Berber tribes during the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), ultimately uniting them
Masinissa
Ancient city and bishopric in Roman North Africa
Mauretaniae, meaning "Caesarea of Mauretania") was a Roman colony in Roman-Berber North Africa. It was the capital of Mauretania Caesariensis and is now called
Caesarea_in_Mauretania
2nd-century BC war between the Kingdom of Numidia and the Roman Republic
retrain the army and institute some form of military discipline. In the spring he led his reorganised army into Numidia. Jugurtha was alarmed and opened
Jugurthine_War
Sunni Islamist insurgency in the Maghreb
when Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara began. While the 2011 Arab Spring affected support for the insurgency, it also presented military opportunities
Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002–present)
Annual observance dedicated to world peace
Maghrebi Blood Donation Day (30) Spring vacation (2 last weeks) April April Fools' Day (1) Knowledge Day (16) Berber Spring (20) Earth Day (22) Election Day
International_Day_of_Peace
Agellid of the Massylii
118 BC) was the eldest legitimate son of Masinissa, the King of Numidia, a Berber kingdom in North Africa. Micipsa became the King of Numidia in 148 BC. In
Micipsa
coup d'état Berber Spring 1988 riots 1990s–2000s Algerian Civil War Timeline Massacres FIS GIA High Council of State Civil Concord Black Spring Peace Charter
List of governors and rulers of the Regency of Algiers
List_of_governors_and_rulers_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers
Kabyle anti-colonial leader (1830–1863)
imprisoned until her death six years later. Lalla, the female equivalent of the Berber word mass, is an honorific reserved for women of high social rank or for
Lalla_Fatma_N'Soumer
reissued in the northern Algerian Kabylia region in 2015, revisiting the Berber spring of the 1980s. And there was Boualem Sansal's 2015 novel 2084: La Fin
Project Cassandra (literature)
Project_Cassandra_(literature)
Berber ethnic group
(Tarifit: Irifiyen; Arabic: الريفيون, colloquially pronounced Rifyon) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to the Rif region of northeastern Morocco and the
Riffians
of Berber culture and language. A great deal of attention was brought upon the Berber culture and identity revendications after the Berber Spring in 1988
Culture_of_Algeria
Roman city and bishopric in modern Algeria
Quintus Lollius Urbicus built, a native of Tiddis (and son of a romanised Berber landowner) who then became prefect of Rome. The local romance speaking community
Tiddis
Protests against the government
their right to demonstrate peacefully." Yetnahaw Gaa ! Berber Spring 1988 October Riots Black Spring (Algeria) 2010–2012 Algerian protests Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Hirak_(Algeria)
Berber tribe
The Banu Ifran (Arabic: بنو يفرن, Banu Yafran) or Ifranids, were a Zenata Berber tribe prominent in the history of pre-Islamic and early Islamic North Africa
Banu_Ifran
Month of 1980
Braun on the day of their suicides The Berber Spring, protests began against the government of Algeria by the Berber minority that makes up about one-fourth
March_1980
2nd-century BC King of Numidia
coup d'état Berber Spring 1988 riots 1990s–2000s Algerian Civil War Timeline Massacres FIS GIA High Council of State Civil Concord Black Spring Peace Charter
Adherbal_(king_of_Numidia)
Algerian religious and military leader (1808–1883)
acknowledge. Proclamation of Mascara: 'To the communities of the Arabs and Berbers: Know that the affairs of Islamic princely authority and of the upholding
Emir_Abdelkader
6th-century Berber leader of the Ifuraces
and other Berber leaders by Byzantine troops. In the spring of 547, after the death of the Laguatan chief Ierna, he united the scattered Berber tribes and
Carcasan
(1917–1989), writer, anthropologist and linguist, whose censorship sparked Berber Spring Abdelmalek Sayad (1933–1998), sociologist, first as an assistant to
List_of_Kabyle_people
the subsequent "pre-Berber" situation, which later evolved into the incidents of Berber origins and early development. Yet Berber languages indicates
History_of_early_Tunisia
1963 CE Socialist Forces Front rebellion in Algeria 10 March 1980 CE Berber Spring 5 October 1988 CE Riots 11 January 1992 1991 CE — 2 February 2002 CE
List_of_conflicts_in_Algeria
Early stage of the Mali War
groups (Fulani, Songhay, etc.)—were much less enthusiastic. By the late spring of 2012, they began forming their own, often ethnic-based, militias. Some
Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)
in Algeria include Arabs and Berbers, who represent 99% of the population, of which 75–85% are Arab and 15–25% are Berber. Algeria also has a small European
Ethnic_groups_in_Algeria
Algerian batnian writer and singer-songwriter (1954–2021)
writer, composer, and arranger. In 1980, Nedjahi participated in the Berber Spring in Algiers, Tizi Ouzou, and Boumerdès and refused to enlist for his
Messaoud_Nedjahi
Algerian anarchist (1894–1953)
after the independence of Algeria in 1962, with the anti-authoritarian Berber Spring breaking out in 1980. But the Algerian anarchist movement waned, with
Mohamed_Saïl
Algerian journalist (born 1955)
Kabylia, Algeria)), is an Algerian journalist and human rights activist. Berber Spring activist, he was arrested on April 20, 1980, and brought before the
Arezki_Aït-Larbi
1414–1881, Berber state in North Africa
The Sultanate of Tuggurt (Berber languages: Tagelda n Tuggurt) was a state that extended over Tuggurt, the oases of the neighbouring region and the Oued
Sultanate_of_Tuggurt
Part of the Arab Spring protests
conditions led to the complications which caused his death. Arab Spring Berber Spring 2011 Western Saharan protests My Makhzen and Me - documentary by
2011–2012_Moroccan_protests
Traditional jewellery of Berber peoples in North Africa
Indigenous Berber people (in the Berber language Tamazight: Amazigh (sg.), Imazighen, pl). Following long social and cultural traditions, Berber or other
Jewellery of the Berber cultures
Jewellery_of_the_Berber_cultures
particular outrage amongst the Berber community as it came during preparations for the 21st anniversary of the 1980 ‘Berber Spring’ uprising. As a result, strikes
2000s_in_Algeria
coup d'état Berber Spring 1988 riots 1990s–2000s Algerian Civil War Timeline Massacres FIS GIA High Council of State Civil Concord Black Spring Peace Charter
Mawlid_in_Algeria
census) Arabic (80.6%) Berber languages (18.9%) Others (0.50%) Historically, languages such as Phoenician, Punic, and Berber languages have been spoken
Languages_of_Morocco
King of Numidia
mstnʿbʾ) was one of three legitimate sons of Masinissa, the King of Numidia, a Berber kingdom in, present day Algeria, North Africa. The three brothers were aided
Mastanabal
Kharijite Berber leader (c. 873–947)
(modern Tunisia and eastern Algeria) starting in 944, rallying various Berber tribes and disaffected groups against the Fatimids. His forces initially
Abu_Yazid
Protest movement in Morocco
The Hirak Rif Movement or the Rif Movement (Berber languages: ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵕⵉⴼ, Arabic: حراك الريف, lit. 'Movement of the Rif') is a popular resistance movement
Hirak_Rif_Movement
travel, tourism, insurance
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