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Steel production method
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the
Bessemer_process
English inventor (1813–1898)
Sir Henry Bessemer (19 January 1813 – 15 March 1898) was an English inventor, whose steel-making process was the most important technique for making steel
Henry_Bessemer
Industrial furnace for steelmaking
nineteenth century to overcome this difficulty. Compared with the Bessemer process, which it displaced, its main advantages were that it did not embrittle
Open-hearth_furnace
Process for producing steel
in the 1850s and 1860s, using the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes. Currently, two major commercial processes are used. Basic oxygen steelmaking
Steelmaking
Steel produced prior to the 1940s
the mid 20th century, steel was produced in the Bessemer process, where air was forced into Bessemer converters converting the pig iron into steel. By
Low-background_steel
American businessman
independently by Henry Bessemer and patented in 1855. Due to a financial panic in 1857, a company that had already licensed the Bessemer process was able to purchase
William_Kelly_(inventor)
Alloy of iron and carbon
followed by the Bessemer process in England in the mid-19th century, and then by the open-hearth furnace. With the invention of the Bessemer process, a new era
Steel
City in North Carolina, United States
(276 m) above sea level. Bessemer City is named for Sir Henry Bessemer who created the Bessemer process for smelting iron. Bessemer City was founded on land
Bessemer_City,_North_Carolina
Metallurgical process
The Gilchrist–Thomas process or Thomas process is a historical process for refining pig iron, derived from the Bessemer converter. It is named after its
Gilchrist–Thomas_process
Iron alloy with a very low carbon content
metallurgy improved the quality of mild steel, and as the Bessemer process and the Siemens–Martin process made steel much cheaper to produce, the use of wrought
Wrought_iron
1870–1914 electrical and chemical era
manufacturing interchangeable parts, as well as the invention of the Bessemer process and open hearth furnace to produce steel, later developments heralded
Second_Industrial_Revolution
Topics referred to by the same term
Bessemer may refer to: Bessemer, Ontario Bessemer, Alabama Bessemer Airport Bessemer Civic Center Bessemer, Colorado Bessemer, Michigan Bessemer City,
Bessemer
Type of material
formerly used. The Gilchrist-Thomas process (or basic Bessemer process) was an improvement to the Bessemer process, made by lining the converter with a
Metal
Surname list
(1813–1898), English inventor of the Bessemer process H. W. Bessemer, (1865–1956), British philatelist Leonard Bessemer Pfeil (1898–1969), British metallurgist
Bessemer_(surname)
the US switched from charcoal to coal in ore smelting, adopted the Bessemer process, and saw the rise of very large integrated steel mills. In the 20th
History of the iron and steel industry in the United States
History_of_the_iron_and_steel_industry_in_the_United_States
industrialist Pierre Manhès and his engineer Paul David [fr]. Inspired by the Bessemer process, it consists of the use of a converter to oxidise with air the undesirable
Manhès–David_process
Type of metallurgical smelting
Bessemer process. The vessel used was called the Bessemer converter. Modern steel mills use basic oxygen process converters. The converting process occurs
Converting_(metallurgy)
Mode of transport
wood-and-iron rails with superior all-iron rails. The introduction of the Bessemer process, which enabled the inexpensive production of steel, led to the great
Rail_transport
Type of steel
than direct conversion from cast iron as in puddling or the later Bessemer process, a glass flux to reduce impurities, and the higher temperatures and
Crucible_steel
Steelmaking method
from the destruction of World War II. In 1856, Henry Bessemer had patented a steelmaking process involving oxygen blowing for decarbonizing molten iron
Basic_oxygen_steelmaking
German steel and weapons production company
(notably the Bessemer process) and acquired many mines in Germany and France. Initially, Krupp failed to gain profit from the Bessemer process due to the
Krupp
Ironworks and steelworks near Merthyr Tydfil, Wales
in the UK. Dowlais Ironworks was the first business to license the Bessemer process, using it to produce steel in 1865. Dowlais Ironworks was one of the
Dowlais_Ironworks
steel was due to the Bessemer and the open hearth processes, two technological advances made in England. In the Bessemer process, molten pig iron is converted
History of the steel industry (1850–1970)
History_of_the_steel_industry_(1850–1970)
Swedish merchant, ironmaster and industrialist (1819–1900)
(now called Sandvik AB) and was the first person to implement the Bessemer process successfully on an industrial scale and pioneered ingot steel in the
Göran_Fredrik_Göransson
Description of rail transport modernisation
wood/iron rails with superior all-iron rails. The introduction of the Bessemer process reduced the cost of steel production and led to a great expansion of
History_of_rail_transport
Building or site where iron is smelted
invention of the Bessemer process, converters became widespread, and the appellation steelworks replaced ironworks. The industrial process carried on ironworks
Ironworks
British manufacturer of steam engines and boilers
Printing Office. p. 57. Bessemer p. 334. Bessemer p. 325. Bessemer p. 339. Lord, W. M. (1945). "The Development of the Bessemer Process in Lancashire, 1856–1900"
W_&_J_Galloway_&_Sons
Industrial plant in South Wales
Richard Hill became the owner. Anthony Hill, a later owner, adopted the Bessemer process. On his death in 1862, the company was taken over by Fothergill, Hankey
Plymouth_Ironworks
Iron alloy
composition controlled. Earlier processes for this included the finery forge, the puddling furnace, the Bessemer process, and the open hearth furnace. Modern
Pig_iron
Ironwork in Norway
down: the price pressure from cheap steel from the very efficient Bessemer process was too strong. Moss Jernverk continued for some years, probably due
Moss_Jernverk
American businessman
cousin George W. Scranton. Among his innovations, Scranton adopted the Bessemer process for his operations in 1876, greatly increasing production of steel
William_Walker_Scranton
Plant for steelmaking
made from molten pig iron or from scrap. Since the invention of the Bessemer process, steel mills have replaced ironworks, based on puddling or fining methods
Steel_mill
British steel producer
1860s. It was established to exploit the recent introduction of the Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel. Lancashire, an English county, had a
The_Lancashire_Steel_Company
Process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores
the Bessemer process such as the electric arc furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, and direct reduced iron (DRI). For sulfide ores, a different process is
Mineral_processing
Swedish engineering company
Göransson, who was an early user of the Bessemer process. In 1857, he acquired rights to use the patented process and initially applied it in a blast furnace
Sandvik
Scottish industrialist
industry during the Industrial Revolution including updates to both the Bessemer Process and coal washing machinery while also leading the use of steel in arms
George_Lauder_(industrialist)
Metallurgy of iron and its alloys
described as a new "Iron Age". In the late 1850s Henry Bessemer invented a new steelmaking process which involved blowing air through molten pig-iron to
Ferrous_metallurgy
Alloy steel containing around 13% manganese
raw material of manganese steel." In 1860, Sir Henry Bessemer, trying to perfect his Bessemer process of steel making, found that adding spiegeleisen to
Mangalloy
Sir Henry Bessemer, the inventor of the Bessemer process for steel manufacture. Born in 1766 at No. 6 Old Broad Street in London, Bessemer moved to the
Anthony_Bessemer
Small watercraft
over-harvested to supply the keels of larger wooden boats, and the Bessemer process (patented in 1855) reduced the cost of steel, steel ships and boats
Boat
American inventor and businessman (1847–1931)
accept iron with a significant phosphorus content because it ruined the Bessemer process. Edison's system removed the phosphorus with a light pneumatic system
Thomas_Edison
Process of producing goods
steelmaking Bessemer process Blast furnace – produced cast iron Catalan forge, open hearth furnace, bloomery – produced wrought iron Cementation process Crucible
Industrial_processes
photography, whether chemical or electronic. 1855: Henry Bessemer patents the Bessemer process for making steel, with improvements made by others over
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
British steelmaker
England. He developed armour-plating for warships, and worked on the Bessemer process of steelmaking. Ellis was born in Handsworth on 20 April 1824, son
John_Devonshire_Ellis
Steel mill, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
built because of the Bessemer process, the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel. In the process, air blowing through
Edgar_Thomson_Steel_Works
obtaining the Bessemer license from Burden Iron Works in Troy, New York. Alexander Lyman Holley, the steel pioneer who first brought this process to America
Pennsylvania_Steel_Company
Chemical reaction with oxidation state changes
is the cathode and the negative is the anode. Anaerobic respiration Bessemer process Bioremediation Calvin cycle Chemical equation Chemical looping combustion
Redox
Town in County Durham, England
the port of Newcastle upon Tyne. However, after the invention of the Bessemer process in the 19th century, steel could be made from British iron ore (hitherto
Consett
US domestic multi-family office
family members between New York and Florida." The Bessemer name was a reference to a steel-making process that had helped enrich the Phippses. In 1974, the
Bessemer_Trust
Process for producing steel by decarburizing pig iron
improvements became the Heaton process. Another English metallurgist, Henry Bessemer had just created the Bessemer process of blowing air or pure oxygen
Heaton_process
Cleveland-based steelmaking company
Lake Superior to Lake Erie. Technological improvements, such as the Bessemer process, made it possible for mills in the North American Great Lakes region
Cleveland-Cliffs
Geographical, historical and cultural region in England
over its management. He perfected the Bessemer Process by solving the quality problems which beset the process. In a second key advance in metallurgy
Forest_of_Dean
Overview of the iron and steel industry of the United States
the US switched from charcoal to coke in ore smelting, adopted the Bessemer process, and saw the rise of very large integrated steel mills. In the 20th
Iron and steel industry in the United States
Iron_and_steel_industry_in_the_United_States
American industrialist (1855–1911)
changing the steel industry's production methods from the Bessemer process to the open hearth process and in building the city of Port Arthur, Texas. Gates
John_Warne_Gates
British metallurgist and businessman
temperatures. I saw then that the Bessemer process was perfected and that, with fair play, untold wealth would reward Mr. Bessemer and myself..."[citation needed]
Robert_Forester_Mushet
Iron Bessemer Works which was named after the Bessemer process for making steel invented by Henry Bessemer. Colorado Coal and Iron Company merged with the
Steelworks_Center_of_the_West
Building technique using skeleton frames of vertical steel columns
had been built in 1797, but it was not until the development of the Bessemer process in 1855 that steel production was made efficient enough for steel to
Steel_frame
Step in the manufacture of iron
1855. It was widely used. The puddling process began to be displaced with the introduction of the Bessemer process, which produced steel. This could be
Puddling_(metallurgy)
Economic phase in 19th-century Germany and Austria
architecture and design. A determining factor was the development of the Bessemer process in steel production, which made the construction of steel façades possible
Gründerzeit
Artillery
iron and sometimes wrought iron. Alfred Krupp was introduced to the Bessemer process to mass-produce steel by his London agent and friend, Alfred Longsdon
Krupp_gun
British company
intention of evoking the Dowlais Ironworks where GKN licensed the Bessemer process, using it to produce steel, in 1865. GKN Automotive originated from
Dowlais_Group
Bridge across the River Severn in Shropshire, England
bridges, rails, ships and buildings until new steel making processes such as the Bessemer process were developed in the late 19th century. Darby had agreed
The_Iron_Bridge
Railway bridge over the Firth of Forth in Scotland
Large amounts of steel became available after the invention of the Bessemer process, patented in 1856. In 1859, the Board of Trade imposed a limit of 77
Forth_Bridge
Thurlow Works, Pennsylvania
company's open hearth process, while another company built a second weapon using the Bessemer process. In test firings, the Bessemer-produced gun failed
Standard Steel Casting Company
Standard_Steel_Casting_Company
Mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements
Henry Bessemer developed a process of steel-making by blowing hot air through liquid pig iron to reduce the carbon content. The Bessemer process led to
Alloy
is now the method commonly taught. The Bessemer process was discovered by William Kelly in 1851. Henry Bessemer was the first to obtain a patent in 1855
List of examples of Stigler's law
List_of_examples_of_Stigler's_law
Town in Cumbria, England
produce steel by the original Bessemer process. Improvements to the Bessemer process and the development of the open hearth process removed this advantage.
Whitehaven
Steam-propelled warship protected by armor plates
steel production, the Royal Navy was slow to adopt steel warships. The Bessemer process for steel manufacture produced too many imperfections for large-scale
Ironclad_warship
2024 British TV series or programme
new steel-making enterprise - she displays informed knowledge of the Bessemer process and industry in general. Frederick invites Clara to Glanville, clearly
Belgravia:_The_Next_Chapter
Defunct American steel manufacturer
adopted the Bessemer process. Together, Moses Taylor and W.W. Scranton convinced the company's other investors to adopt the Bessemer process in 1875, and
Lackawanna_Steel_Company
Metalworking occupation
steel remained rare and expensive until the industrial developments of Bessemer process et al. in the 1850s. Close examination of blacksmith-made antique tools
Blacksmith
Alloy of manganese and iron
of steel produced by the Bessemer process to withstand rolling and forging at elevated temperatures." In 1860, Henry Bessemer invented the use of ferromanganese
Ferromanganese
Area of the West Midlands, England
producing mild steel by the Bessemer process was constructed at the Old Park Works in Wednesbury. In 1882, another Bessemer-style steel works was constructed
Black_Country
Technological innovations that have historically increased productivity
energy efficiency. Bessemer steel became brittle with age because nitrogen was introduced when air was blown in. The Bessemer process was also restricted
Productivity-improving technologies
Productivity-improving_technologies
collides with the SS Vesta and sinks off the coast of Newfoundland. Bessemer process enables steel to be mass-produced. Walt Whitman publishes Leaves of
Timeline_of_the_19th_century
World's Fair held in London
also introduced the use of caoutchouc for rubber production and the Bessemer process for steel manufacture.[citation needed] Benjamin Simpson showed photos
1862_International_Exhibition
Culturally significant wire gauge
taut, and was expensive to use. In England, in 1855, Henry Bessemer patented the Bessemer process that led to the mass production of low-cost high-quality
Number_8_wire
Swedish tool brand
Högbo Stål & Jernwerks AB, producing high-quality steel using the Bessemer process. In 1866 the company went into bankruptcy and was refounded as Sandviken
Bahco
Borough in Pennsylvania, US
Pennsylvania. This was one of the first American steel mills which used the Bessemer process. The mill is still in operation as a part of the United States Steel
Braddock,_Pennsylvania
Obsolete steel-making process
cementation process in which metallic copper was heated with calamine, a zinc ore, to make calamine brass. K. C. Barraclough, Steel before Bessemer: I Blister
Cementation_process
Overview of and topical guide to industrial machinery
Packaging and labeling Paper mill Sawmill Smelter Water wheel Bessemer process Food processing Manufacturing Mining Packaging and labeling History of agricultural
Outline of industrial machinery
Outline_of_industrial_machinery
repeated forging of cast iron under a cold blast similar to the modern Bessemer process, and the mathematical basis for spherical trigonometry that would later
History of science and technology in China
History_of_science_and_technology_in_China
Area of land planted with grasses and similar plants
ten more years and further innovations, including the advent of the Bessemer process for the production of the much lighter alloy steel and advances in
Lawn
International group of companies in the field of metal working
special steels. Zapp had previously studied iron metallurgy and the Bessemer process in England and now used his know-how for the production of special
Zapp_Group
Second-most populous city in Pennsylvania, U.S.
Pennsylvania, which evolved into the Carnegie Steel Company. He adopted the Bessemer process to increase production. Manufacturing was key to the growth of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh
Decade
begins to blur Production of steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first
1850s
City in Illinois, United States
(including their iron plant) took off. As they planned expansion of their Bessemer process steel works, they were blocked by the city of St. Louis, which did
Granite_City,_Illinois
Aspect of Germany's history
figure had risen to 63% just three years later. In the 1860s, the Bessemer process became established in steel production. This made it possible to produce
Industrialization_in_Germany
Coastal town in Cumbria, England
particularly important with the invention by Sir Henry Bessemer of the Bessemer process, the first process for mass production of mild steel, which previously
Workington
British businessman and politician (1806–1878)
with Vaughan following him two years later. The introduction of the Bessemer process in the 1850s and the subsequent mass-production of both mild steel
Henry_Bolckow
Town in Trøndelag, Norway
high-tension power lines to supply the mines starting in 1897. The Bessemer process was introduced at the end of the 1800s. The Rørosbanen railway line
Røros_(town)
Art, substantially or wholly made of glass
cathedrals and grand civic buildings. The invention of plate glass and the Bessemer process allowed for glass to be used in larger segments, to support more structural
Glass_art
photographic processes invented by Louis Daguerre and William Fox Talbot 1855 – Bessemer process for mass production of steel patented by Henry Bessemer 1861
Timeline of materials technology
Timeline_of_materials_technology
Material; type of glass
by Henry Bessemer. His system produced a continuous ribbon of flat glass by forming the ribbon between rollers. This was an expensive process, as the surfaces
Float_glass
One hundred years, from 1801 to 1900
mask are invented. 1852: The first successful blimp is invented 1855: Bessemer process enables steel to be mass-produced. 1856: World's first oil refinery
19th_century
Scottish engineer and inventor (1808–1890)
him a one-third share of the value of his patent for the eponymous Bessemer process. Nasmyth turned it down as he had decided to retire. Nasmyth retired
James_Nasmyth
Type of precipitation
in the Merrill–Crowe process accounts for a substantial fraction of world gold production. Engineering portal Bessemer process Methods of crucible steel
Cementation_(metallurgy)
City in New York, United States
to iron ore from Lake Erie and nearby coal and coke needed for the Bessemer process, and with a similar downturn in the collar industry, Troy's prosperity
Troy,_New_York
City in West Virginia, US
Compensation Act), and later steel concerns after development of the Bessemer process. The city's earliest union was the United Nailers (1860, which later
Wheeling,_West_Virginia
20, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2020. "NIHF Inductee Henry Bessemer and the Bessemer Process". www.invent.org. April 6, 2024. Archived from the original
List of National Inventors Hall of Fame inductees
List_of_National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame_inductees
BESSEMER PROCESS
BESSEMER PROCESS
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Devon)
English (chiefly Devon) : from Middle English pass(en) ‘to pass or go across’ + more ‘marsh’, ‘fen’, a nickname, bestowed no doubt on someone who lived on the far side of a tract of moorland near the main settlement, or for someone who was familiar with the safe routes across a moor.English (chiefly Devon) : several early forms have -e- in place of -o- in the second syllable, and may have a different origin. They could derive from an Anglo-Norman French nickname for a seafarer, Passemer, from passe(r) ‘to cross’ (as above) + mer ‘sea’, ‘ocean’, or the second element could be from Old English mere ‘lake’, ‘marsh’.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Devon)
English (chiefly Devon) : occupational name for a soapmaker, from an agent derivative of Middle English sÅpe ‘soap’ (apparently of Celtic origin). The process involved boiling oil or fat together with potash or soda.
Surname or Lastname
English and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a flax grower or dealer or for someone who processed it for weaving (see Flax).Probably a respelling of German Flachsmann, of the same meaning as 1, from Middle High German vlahs ‘flax’ + man ‘man’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a medieval court official, from Middle English bedele (Old English bydel, reinforced by Old French bedel). The word is of Germanic origin, and akin to Old English bēodan ‘to command’ and Old High German bodo ‘messenger’. In the Middle Ages a beadle in England and France was a junior official of a court of justice, responsible for acting as an usher in a court, carrying the mace in processions in front of a justice, delivering official notices, making proclamations (as a sort of town crier), and so on. By Shakespeare’s day a beadle was a sort of village constable, appointed by the parish to keep order.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : occupational name for one who carried a cross or a bishop’s crook in ecclesiastical processions, from Middle English, Old French croisier.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of wheels (for vehicles or for use in spinning or various other manufacturing processes), from an agent derivative of Middle English whele ‘wheel’. The name is particularly common on the Isle of Wight; on the mainland it is concentrated in the neighboring region of central southern England.A founder of Salisbury, NH, in 1634 was John Wheeler.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Norman personal name Bernier.English : from Old English beornan ‘to burn’, hence an occupational name for a burner of lime (compare German Kalkbrenner) or charcoal. It may also have denoted someone who baked bricks or distilled spirits, or who carried out any other manufacturing process involving burning.English : occupational name for a keeper of hounds, from Old Norman French bern(i)er, brenier (a derivative of bren, bran ‘bran’, on which the dogs were fed).Southern English : topographic or occupational name for someone who lived by or worked in a barn, from Middle English bern, barn ‘barn’ + the suffix -er. Compare Barnes.German : habitational name, in Silesia denoting someone from a place called Berna (of which there are two examples); in southern Germany and Switzerland denoting someone from the Swiss city of Berne.German : from the Germanic personal name Bernher meaning ‘lord of the army’.North German : occupational name for a lime or charcoal burner (cognate with 2), from an agent derivative of Middle High German brennen ‘to burn’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an agent derivative of Middle English wasch(en) ‘to wash’ (Old English wæscan), hence an occupational name for a laundryman, or for someone who washed raw wool before spinning. Various other occupations, too, involved washing processes and the name may relate to any of these. For example, it may have denoted a man who washed sheep; some tenants on the manor of Burpham, near Worthing, in Sussex (where the surname is found from an early date), had as part of their feudal service to wash the flocks of their master.Americanized spelling of the German cognate Wascher.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old French certeyn ‘self-assured’, ‘determined’. (The phonetic change of -er- to -ar- was a normal process in Middle English).
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from Old Norman French cardon ‘thistle’ (a diminutive of carde, from Latin carduus), hence a topographic name for someone who lived on land overgrown with thistles, an occupational name for someone who carded wool (originally a process carried out with thistles and teasels), or perhaps a nickname for a prickly and unapproachable person.French : possibly from a reduced form of the personal name Ricardon, a pet form of Richard.English : variant spelling of Carden, cognate with 1.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly West Midlands)
English (chiefly West Midlands) : metonymic occupational name for a fuller, from Middle English tred(en) ‘to tread’ + well ‘well’. Fulling was the process by which newly woven cloth was cleaned and shrunk by the use of heat, water, and pressure (from treading) before finally being stretched and laid out to dry on tenter hooks.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly southwestern England and South Wales)
English (chiefly southwestern England and South Wales) : occupational name for a fuller, from an agent derivative of Middle English tuck(en) ‘to full cloth’ (Old English tūcian ‘to torment’). This was the term used for the process in the Middle Ages in southwestern England, and the surname is more common there than elsewhere. Compare Fuller and Walker.Americanized form of Jewish To(c)ker (see Tokarz).Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Tuachair ‘descendant of Tuachar’, a personal name composed of the elements tuath ‘people’ + car ‘dear’, ‘beloved’.Possibly also an Americanized form of German Tucher, from an occupational name for a cloth maker or merchant, from an agent derivative of Middle High German tuoch ‘cloth’.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : metonymic occupational name for a harpist (see Harper), or occasionally a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a harp.English : habitational name from a minor place such as Harp House in Eastwood, Essex, or South Harp in South Petherton, Somerset, denoting a place where salt was produced, from Old English hearpe ‘harp’, an implement used in the processing of salt. Compare Harpham.German : metonymic occupational name for a harpist, from Middle High German harpfe ‘harp’.German : variant of Harpe.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : occupational name for a tanner of skins, Middle English tanner, Middle Dutch taenre. (The Middle English form derives from Old English tannere, from Late Latin tannarius, reinforced by Old French taneor, from Late Latin tannator; both Late Latin forms derive from a verb tannare, possibly from a Celtic word for the oak, whose bark was used in the process.)Swiss and German : habitational name for someone from any of several places called Tanne (in the Harz Mountains and Silesia) or Tann (southern Germany).Finnish : topographic or ornamental name from Finnish tanner ‘open field’.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, Dutch, and North German
English, Scottish, Dutch, and North German : status name for a champion, Middle English and Middle Low German kempe. In the Middle Ages a champion was a professional fighter on behalf of others; for example the King’s Champion, at the coronation, had the duty of issuing a general challenge to battle to anyone who denied the king’s right to the throne. The Middle English word corresponds to Old English cempa and Old Norse kempa ‘warrior’; both these go back to Germanic campo ‘warrior’, which is the source of the Dutch and North German name, corresponding to High German Kampf.Dutch : metonymic occupational name for someone who grew or processed hemp, from Middle Dutch canep ‘hemp’.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : occupational name for an archer, Middle English bow(e)man, bouman (from Old English boga ‘bow’ + mann ‘man’). This word was distinguished from Bowyer, which denoted a maker or seller of the articles. It is possible that in some cases the surname referred originally to someone who untangled wool with a bow. This process, which originated in Italy, became quite common in England in the 13th century. The vibrating string of a bow was worked into a pile of tangled wool, where its rapid vibrations separated the fibers, while still leaving them sufficiently entwined to produce a fine, soft yarn when spun.Americanized form of German Baumann (see Bauer) or the Dutch cognate Bouman.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a keeper of a lodging house, from late Old English herebeorg ‘shelter’, ‘lodging’ (from here ‘army’ + beorg ‘shelter’). (The change of -er- to -ar- is a regular phonetic process in Old French and Middle English.)Variant of French Arbour.A Harbour or Arbour, from Normandy, France, is documented in Quebec City in 1671.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. It is argued by Redmonds that this surname may have developed as a variant of Stringfellow, through a process, attested in various parish records, in which the original name is first shortened and then expanded into a form different from the original; thus Stringfellow becomes Stringfell, which becomes reinterpreted as Stringfield.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a winder of wool, from an agent derivative of Middle English winde(n) ‘to wind’ (Old English windan ‘to go’, ‘to proceed’). The verb was also used in the Middle Ages of various weaving and plaiting processes, so that in some cases the name may have referred to a basket or hurdle maker.English : habitational name from any of the various minor places in northern England so called, from Old English vindr ‘wind’ + erg ‘hut’, ‘shelter’, i.e. a shelter against the wind.English : John Winder is recorded in Somerset Co., MD, in 1665. William Henry Winder, born in the county in 1775, was blamed for the military defeat that led to the British burning of Washington, DC, in 1814; his son John Henry Winder (b. 1800) was a confederate general who was commander of southern military prisons.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Beamer.German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Behmer.
BESSEMER PROCESS
BESSEMER PROCESS
Girl/Female
Hindu
Intelligent, Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Tamil
To see
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Sweet Voice
Boy/Male
Indian
Practice or garden
Boy/Male
Muslim
Shining star
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places so called. Most, including those in Buckinghamshire, Dorset, Essex, Suffolk, Surrey, and West Yorkshire, are named from Old English fearn ‘fern’ + hÄm ‘homestead’ or hamm ‘enclosure hemmed in by water’.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Beautiful
Girl/Female
English French Latin
Winged.
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Hebrew, Japanese
God's Gift; Diminutive of Susanna; Lily
BESSEMER PROCESS
BESSEMER PROCESS
BESSEMER PROCESS
BESSEMER PROCESS
BESSEMER PROCESS
imp. & p. p.
of Beseem
n.
A manual of processions; a processional.
n.
A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as, the processional was the 202d hymn.
n.
An officer appointed to procession lands.
n.
A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions.
n.
A retort, used in the Bessemer process, in which molten cast iron is decarburized and converted into steel by a blast of air forced through the liquid metal.
n.
A proceeding prescribed by statute for ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession.
n.
One who takes part in a procession.
n.
A besieger.
n.
One who besieges; -- opposed to the besieged.
n.
One who, or that which, lessens.
a.
Pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; as, processionary service.
n.
A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.
n.
One who uses a besom.
n.
One who goes or marches in a procession.
n.
A single heat or operation of the Bessemer converter.