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Process for producing steel
oxygen steelmaking (BOS) uses liquid pig iron from a blast furnace and scrap steel as the main feed materials. Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking uses
Steelmaking
Alloy of iron and carbon
oxygen steelmaking (BOS), developed in 1952, and other oxygen steel making methods. Basic oxygen steelmaking is superior to previous steelmaking methods
Steel
Steelmaking method
oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, or OSM), also known as Linz-Donawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process, is a method of primary steelmaking in
Basic_oxygen_steelmaking
American based steelmaking company
in the mining, beneficiation, and pelletizing of iron ore, as well as steelmaking, including stamping and tooling. The company is ranked 23rd on the list
Cleveland-Cliffs
British steel manufacturer
long steel products manufacturer that is the only source of primary steelmaking in the country. The company was formed in 2016 after Greybull Capital
British_Steel_(2016–present)
Plant for steelmaking
steel. It may be an integrated steel works carrying out all steps of steelmaking from smelting iron ore to rolled product, but may also be a plant where
Steel_mill
Modified open hearth furnace
during the 1960s at a time of transition from open hearth to oxygen-based steelmaking. The AJAX process invented in 1957, and named after its originator, Albert
AJAX_furnace
Defunct American steel manufacturer
included the following property, plant, and equipment (PP&E): The complete steelmaking process requires significant amounts of energy. The Fontana plant, hydroelectric
Kaiser_Steel
Alloy of titanium and iron
45–75% titanium and sometimes a small amount of carbon. It is used in steelmaking as a cleansing agent for iron and steel; the titanium is highly reactive
Ferrotitanium
Type of furnace
producing cast iron products) up to about 400-tonne units used for secondary steelmaking. Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have
Electric_arc_furnace
Industrial furnace for steelmaking
ISBN 1341212122, ISBN 978-1341212123 Basic Open Hearth Steelmaking, with Supplement on Oxygen in Steelmaking, third edition (The Seely W. Mudd Series) The American
Open-hearth_furnace
Traditional Japanese furnace used to smelt iron and steel
Edo period, tatara steelmaking was further improved and became the same as today's tatara steelmaking in Japan. Tatara steelmaking came to be carried
Tatara_(furnace)
Potential health and safety effects of working in fire affected zones
and steelmaking. Manganese is a crucial component in the steelmaking process, so there is a high likelihood it will be found at a steelmaking mill fire
Occupational hazards of fire debris cleanup
Occupational_hazards_of_fire_debris_cleanup
William Richard Jones (1839 – September 29, 1889) was an American steelmaking inventor and manager highly valued by his last employer, Andrew Carnegie
Bill_Jones_(steelmaking)
Direct reduced iron process
final stages were made possible through the Ultra-Low Carbon Dioxide Steelmaking (ULCOS) consortium and cooperation between former Corus (now Tata Steel)
HIsarna_ironmaking_process
Impurities in molten metal
example, aluminium dross can be recycled and is also used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation. The term dross derives from the Old English word
Dross
Variety of iron-bearing sedimentary rock
ore is generally shipped to locations on the lower Great Lakes. Many steelmaking centers are near Lake Erie. Due to increased international demand, taconite
Taconite
Chemical element with atomic number 26 (Fe)
applied to produce steel. In the late 1850s, Henry Bessemer invented a new steelmaking process, involving blowing air through molten pig iron, to produce mild
Iron
COREX's Melter Gasifier, hence its name "FINEX". Steel making HIsarna steelmaking process Posco Commence Construction of New Steel Plant That Will Use
FINEX_(steelmaking_process)
Grade of coal
process for primary steelmaking. The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand for steel. Primary steelmaking companies often have
Metallurgical_coal
Beloretsk steelmaking plant (Russian: Белорецкий металлургический комбинат, Beloretskiy Metallurgicheskiy Kombinat; Bashkir: Белорет металлургия комбинаты
Beloretsk Iron and Steel Works
Beloretsk_Iron_and_Steel_Works
Canadian steelmaker
Sydney Steel Corporation (SYSCO) was a Crown corporation in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It owned and operated a steel mill in Sydney. An integrated
Sydney_Steel_Corporation
Multinational steelmaking company
Tata Steel Europe Ltd. (formerly Corus Group plc) was a steelmaking company headquartered in London, England, with its main operations in the United Kingdom
Tata_Steel_Europe
Metallurgical research consortium in the UK
aspects, BISRA's research has been attributed for the automation of modern steelmaking. During 1967, BISRA was absorbed into the recently-nationalised British
British Iron and Steel Research Association
British_Iron_and_Steel_Research_Association
Italian equipment company
rolling mills) Danieli Corus IJMUIDEN (integrated steelmaking plants) Danieli Centro Met (electric steelmaking plant, continuous casting) Danieli Davy Distington
Danieli
(Maneb), a pesticide. It is found in large quantities in paint and steelmaking processes. And in very rare cases it can be caused by a defect of the
Manganese_poisoning
industry transitioned from the open hearth furnace to the basic oxygen steelmaking process. After peaking in the 1940s and 1950s, the US iron and steel
History of the iron and steel industry in the United States
History_of_the_iron_and_steel_industry_in_the_United_States
Piece of relatively pure metal
metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing. In steelmaking, it is the first step among semi-finished casting products. Ingots usually
Ingot
Swiss engineer (1890–1978)
Durrer (1890–1978) was a Swiss engineer who invented the basic oxygen steelmaking process (the Linz-Donawitz process, named after the towns where the technology
Robert_Durrer
State of Australia
troops began arriving in the state in large numbers. Manufacturing, steelmaking, shipbuilding and rail transport all grew with the war effort and unemployment
New_South_Wales
far from coal deposits, and the greater tonnage of coal required in steelmaking favored the location of furnaces closer to the coal mines. Favorable
Iron mining in the United States
Iron_mining_in_the_United_States
Steelmaking enterprise in the United Kingdom
time of formation, BSC comprised around ninety per cent of the UK's steelmaking capacity; it had around 268,500 employees and roughly 200 subsidiaries
British_Steel_(1967–1999)
Indian industrialist, philanthropist, politician, and sportsperson (born 1970)
needed] Naveen Jindal set up the world's first coal-gasification based steelmaking plant at Angul, Odisha that uses the locally available high-ash coal
Naveen_Jindal
City in Illinois, United States
Niedringhaus brothers, William and Frederick, who established it as a steelmaking company town for the manufacture of graniteware kitchen utensils. The
Granite_City,_Illinois
American steel company (1893–1998)
that reduced iron ore to steel. It specialized in the basic open hearth steelmaking process. This produced a steel that was resistant to extreme temperature
Inland_Steel_Company
Type of steel mill
The strip mill was a major innovation in steelmaking, with the first being erected at Ashland, Kentucky in 1923. This provided a continuous process, cutting
Strip_mill
Construction element
Allentown, Pennsylvania, is an I-beam sculpture paying tribute to the rich history of steelmaking in the Lehigh Valley region of the eastern Pennsylvania.
I-beam
American steel company
California Steel Industries Type Private Industry Steelmaking Headquarters Unincorporated San Bernardino County, California, near Fontana, California
California_Steel_Industries
Indian businessman (born 1950)
the executive chairman of ArcelorMittal, the world's second largest steelmaking company, as well as chairman of stainless steel manufacturer Aperam.
Lakshmi_Mittal
By-product of smelting ores and used metals
throughout the years despite recycling (most notably in the iron and steelmaking industries) and upcycling efforts. The World Steel Association (WSA)
Slag
Topics referred to by the same term
stadium in South Korea Steelyard balance, a type of straight-beam balance Steelmaking Steel mill This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the
Steelyard_(disambiguation)
Hydrogen produced by renewable energy
production of green ammonia and organic chemicals, as direct reduction steelmaking), shipping, and long-term energy storage. As of 2024, low-emission hydrogen
Green_hydrogen
British multinational mining company
major producer of diamonds, copper, nickel, iron ore, polyhalite and steelmaking coal. The company has operations in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe,
Anglo_American_plc
U.S. state
national and even global leadership in mining largely ceased and its steelmaking and other heavy manufacturing sectors slowed, the state sought to grow
Pennsylvania
City in Ohio, United States
economically diversify like larger industrial cities, and with the movement of steelmaking jobs offshore as the industry contracted in the 1970s, the city came
Youngstown,_Ohio
Steel company
Originally a steel trader, Duferco expanded into trading raw materials for steelmaking in the early 1990s, adding coke, coal, iron ore, pig iron, and sponge
Duferco
Second-most populous city in Pennsylvania, U.S.
Kenneth J. Kobus, City of Steel: How Pittsburgh Became the World's Steelmaking Capital During the Carnegie Era. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield,
Pittsburgh
Scottish industrialist
who played a major role in restructuring the British shipbuilding and steelmaking industries in the 1930s in addition to playing an important role in formulating
Sir James Lithgow, 1st Baronet
Sir_James_Lithgow,_1st_Baronet
Chemical compound
acetylene in carbide lamps, manufacture of chemicals for fertilizer, and steelmaking. Calcium carbide is produced industrially in an electric arc furnace
Calcium_carbide
Crystalline form of carbon
minerals. Natural graphite is mostly used for refractories, batteries, steelmaking, expanded graphite, brake linings, foundry facings, and lubricants. The
Graphite
The Flodin process is a direct reduction process for manufacturing modern iron and steel, developed by Gustaf Henning Flodin from Sweden and patented in
Flodin_process
Historic site in New South Wales, Australia
Encouraged by the success of his ironworks, Sandford decided to venture into steelmaking, an activity until then restricted to some by-then closed works in Victoria
Eskbank_House
Indian-born British businessman
After building the family business largely by the purchase of various steelmaking businesses in the UK, he purchased Arrium in Australia in 2017, followed
Sanjeev_Gupta
Type of working-class housing found in France and Belgium
corons were a form of low-cost dwelling commonly found in coal mining and steelmaking regions of Wallonia and the Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Originating as a form
Coron_(house)
Australian Industrialist
was then railed from Port Kembla to Lithgow to feed the open-hearth steelmaking furnaces there. In 1930, the Hoskins iron pipe operation, was relocated
Cecil_Hoskins
Metal surface treatment using chemical removal of surface impurities
impurities. It is commonly used to descale or clean steel in various steelmaking processes. Metal surfaces can contain impurities that may affect usage
Pickling_(metal)
Steel mill in Pennsylvania, US
formerly owned by Bethlehem Steel. After Bethlehem Steel discontinued its steelmaking activities at the main Bethlehem plant in 1995 after about 140 years
Bethlehem_Works
Former Australian federal electoral division
strong working-class character due to the presence of industries such as steelmaking, coal mining and stevedoring. It was renamed the Division of Whitlam
Division_of_Throsby
Topics referred to by the same term
Bangladesh Army Business of Fashion, a fashion publication Basic oxygen steelmaking, a furnace used in steel production Beginning of file, in computing -
BoF
U.S. state
Legislators. Thorp & Godfrey, state printers. p. 20. "History of Ohio Steelmaking". OhioSteel.org. Archived from the original on July 25, 2010. Retrieved
Ohio
Former industrial region in Belgium
Steelmaking along the Meuse at Ougrée, near Liège
Sillon_industriel
Japanese steelmaker
Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo. The company has four business segments, which are steelmaking, engineering, chemicals, and systems solutions. It is the largest producer
Nippon_Steel
Chromium-containing steel alloy
stainless steel. The first known deliberate addition of chromium during steelmaking is from the 11th-century Iran (Persia). The modern chrome steel has been
Chrome_steel
Unincorporated community in Maryland, United States
a very large industrial complex owned by Bethlehem Steel, known for steelmaking and shipbuilding. In its heyday in the mid-20th century, it was the largest
Sparrows_Point,_Maryland
Eng Iron Works (Chinese: 唐榮鐵工廠; pinyin: Tángróngtiě Gōngchǎng) is a steelmaking company in Taiwan. Its headquarters is in Siaogang District of Kaohsiung
Tang_Eng_Iron_Works
Steel produced prior to the 1940s
In the basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) process, oxygen gas is introduced from above.
Low-background_steel
Entrepreneur achieving wealth and prominence in particular industries
such as shipping and railroads, manufacturing such as automaking and steelmaking, in banking, as well as newspaper publishing. Their dominance was known
Business_magnate
Historic house in Ohio, United States
wide-strip continuous steel-rolling process that transformed the American steelmaking industry. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976
John_B._Tytus_House
Iranian steel manufacturing corporation
began construction in 1968 and started production in 1972, launching steelmaking and rolling operations in 1973. In 2013, with completion of the Tawazun
Esfahan_Steel_Company
Former American integrated steel company
dismantled and turned into the ladle metallurgy station. The entire steelmaking building, with the exception of the lime storage building, was demolished
McLouth_Steel
Steel production plant in Port Talbot, Wales
court until 2012, but the rest of the site is an industrial estate. Steelmaking at the Port Talbot complex began with the Margam Iron and Steel Works
Port_Talbot_Steelworks
Steelworks in Brierley Hill, United Kingdom
of operation, the works produced wrought iron. However, in the 1890s, steelmaking was introduced. At its peak, thousands of people were employed at the
Round_Oak_Steelworks
Country in Northwestern Europe
in Liège Province and around Charleroi rapidly developed mining and steelmaking, which flourished until the mid-20th century in the Sambre and Meuse
Belgium
Southernmost federal region of Belgium
sillon industriel, the historical centre of the Belgian coalmining and steelmaking industry, and is also called the Walloon industrial backbone. Due to
Wallonia
Using hydrogen to decarbonize more sectors
ammonia and organic chemicals, as alternative to coal-derived coke for steelmaking), long-haul transport (e.g. shipping, and to a lesser extent hydrogen-powered
Hydrogen_economy
Canadian steel company
manufactured in one-twelfth the time. Basic oxygen steelmaking is superior to previous steelmaking methods because the oxygen pumped into the furnace
Dofasco
Steelmaking company
Steelmaking company
Berlin_Steel
Undergraduate curriculum in iron and steel making
major steelmaking processes from raw materials, basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, secondary steelmaking, continuous
Steeluniversity.org
University in Moscow, Russia
университет МИСИС) is a public technological university in the field of steelmaking and metallurgy, based in Moscow, Russia. It was established in 1918 as
National University of Science and Technology MISIS
National_University_of_Science_and_Technology_MISIS
Recyclable materials left over from manufactured products after their use
kilograms (15,620 lb) (about 860 million people in 2005). Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) uses 25–35% recycled steel to make new steel. BOS steel usually
Scrap
Compressing a material to form a pellet
Processed Taconite pellets as used in the steelmaking industry, with a US quarter shown to scale.
Pelletizing
Coking factory in Pennsylvania, U.S.
plant is one of the major sources of air pollution in Allegheny County. Steelmaking in Clairton dates back to at least 1903, when the newly-formed U.S. Steel
Clairton_Coke_Works
Canadian mining company
is engaged in mining and mineral development, including coal for the steelmaking industry, copper, zinc, and energy. Secondary products include lead,
Teck_Resources
Iron alloy
iron was referred to as hot metal. The hot metal was then poured into a steelmaking vessel to produce steel, typically an electric arc furnace, induction
Pig_iron
Metallurgy/steelmaking method
all throughout as an unintended part of the steelmaking process. Oxygen blowing is a method of steelmaking where oxygen is blown through pig iron to lower
Deoxidization
Malaysian steel company established in 1982
Malaysia (HICOM) and Japan's Nippon Steel. The company operated major steelmaking facilities at Kemaman, Terengganu, and Gurun, Kedah. Perwaja was intended
Perwaja_Steel
Port in Libya
Libyan Iron and Steel Company (Lisco) is one of the largest iron and steelmaking companies operating in North Africa. Based in Misrata, it is subsidized
Libyan_Iron_and_Steel_Company
Dolomite is mainly sold in the domestic market. The main customers are steelmaking companies; their share is 69% of the total sales volume. NLMK's share
OJSC_Dolomite
Obsolete steel-making process
with calamine, a zinc ore, to make calamine brass. K. C. Barraclough, Steelmaking before Bessemer: I Blister Steel: the birth of an industry (The Metals
Cementation_process
1905–1997 shipbuilding company in the United States
ceased shipbuilding activities in 1997 in an attempt to preserve its core steelmaking operations. The Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation Hospital, first built
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation
Bethlehem_Shipbuilding_Corporation
Largest steel mill complex in North America
America. It is operated by U.S. Steel. The Gary Works includes both steelmaking and finishing facilities as an integrated mill, and has an annual capacity
Gary_Works
British passenger liner that sank in 1912
shipbuilding purposes in later decades, owing to advances in the metallurgy of steelmaking. As for the rivets, considerable emphasis has also been placed on their
Titanic
This list of preserved historic blast furnaces contains decommissioned blast furnaces, of which substantial remains survive. The furnaces are preserved
List of preserved historic blast furnaces
List_of_preserved_historic_blast_furnaces
Chemical element with atomic number 20 (Ca)
still, in small quantities it is often used as an alloying component in steelmaking, and sometimes, as a calcium–lead alloy, in making automotive batteries
Calcium
Topics referred to by the same term
boats OBM, in steelmaking "Oxygen Blowing Machine", (also Oxygen-Bottom-Maxhütte, Oxygen-Bodenblas-Metallurgie German), a process in Steelmaking Oliver Batista
OBM
City in Alabama, United States
coal and limestone deposits in the area, the city became a center of steelmaking from about 1890 through the 20th century. It attracted rural migrants
Bessemer,_Alabama
Steel production method
in the 1950s and 1960s. It was eventually superseded by basic oxygen steelmaking. In the U.S., commercial steel production using this method stopped in
Bessemer_process
Building or site where iron is smelted
hearth furnace; Electric arc furnace, introduced in 1907; Basic oxygen steelmaking, introduced in 1952. The mills operating converters of any type are better
Ironworks
City in Jijel Province, Algeria
center for a region specialising in cork processing, leather tanning and steelmaking. Local crops include citrus and grain. Fishing is also of great importance
Jijel
Topics referred to by the same term
Nippon Kokan may refer to: Nippon Kokan (NKK), a steelmaking and shipbuilding company, now part of JFE Holdings NKK F.C., their former association football
Nippon_Kokan
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