Search references for BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION. Phrases containing BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
See searches and references containing BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION!BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is an evolutionary algorithm (EA) that optimizes a function by stochastically and iteratively improving candidate
Biogeography-based optimization
Biogeography-based_optimization
Study of distribution of species
Bergmann's rule Biogeographic realm Bibliography of biology Biogeography-based optimization Center of origin Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography
Biogeography
Iterative simulation method
Scanning by Wavelet Entropy and Hybridization of Biogeography-based Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization". Progress in Electromagnetics Research. 152:
Particle_swarm_optimization
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Binary classification Bing Predicts Bio-inspired computing Biogeography-based optimization Biplot Bondy's theorem Bongard problem Bradley–Terry model
Outline_of_machine_learning
Chronological table of metaheuristic algorithms
2528/PIER07082403. ISSN 1070-4698. Simon, Dan (December 2008). "Biogeography-Based Optimization". IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 12 (6): 702–713
Table_of_metaheuristics
Particle Swarm Optimization and it is an array of values of a candidate solution of optimization problem. The cost function of the optimization problem determines
List of metaphor-based metaheuristics
List_of_metaphor-based_metaheuristics
Khambampati, A. K., Kim, S., and Kim, K. Y. (2011). "An oppositional biogeography-based optimization technique to reconstruct organ boundaries in human thorax using
Boundary_estimation_in_EIT
Evolutionary process
this genetic variation. One example is that the first pathways of enzyme-based metabolism at the very origin of life on Earth may have been co-opted components
Adaptation
Scientific discipline
Eulerian approach. Examples include ant colony optimization, self-propelled particles and particle swarm optimization. On cellular levels, individual organisms
Theoretical_ecology
Type of animal group activity
migration Swarm algorithms Agent-based models Ant colony optimization Boids Crowd simulation Particle swarm optimization Swarm intelligence Swarm (simulation)
Feeding_frenzy
Branching diagram of evolutionary relationships between organisms
tb00160.x. Soares, Antonio; Râbelo, Ricardo; Delbem, Alexandre (2017). "Optimization based on phylogram analysis". Expert Systems with Applications. 78: 32–50
Phylogenetic_tree
American geographer and cartographer
Jenks Natural Breaks optimization method. Jenks made a breakthrough with the development of the "Jenks Natural Breaks Optimization Algorithm," commonly
George_F._Jenks
Class of ecological models
the MacArthur consumer resource model (MCRM), MacArthur introduced an optimization principle to identify the uninvadable steady state of the model (i.e
Consumer-resource_model
Model used to visualise relationship between genotypes and reproductive success
importance in evolutionary optimization methods such as genetic algorithms or evolution strategies. In evolutionary optimization, one tries to solve real-world
Fitness_landscape
(crop vegetation control, crop yield forecasting, management decisions optimization); business owners (business prospects estimates, making reasonable decisions
Satellite_crop_monitoring
Mathematical model of animal foraging behavior
Parker, G. A. and R. A. Stuart (1976) “Animal Behavior as a Strategy Optimizer: Evolution of Resource Assessment Strategies and Optimal Emigration Thresholds”
Marginal_value_theorem
Family of gastropods
brackish-water nudibranch mollusc provides new insights for phylogeny and biogeography and reveals paedomorphosis-driven evolution; PLOS|ONE, March 14, 2018
Cuthonidae
Self-replicating computer program that mutates and evolves
Artificial life Evolutionary computation Genetic algorithms Combinatorial optimization Cellular automaton List of digital organism simulators Evolution@Home
Digital_organism
Ratio of animal feed to desired product
and to minimize harmful contents, as well as optimizing milk output. In the US, the price of milk is based on the protein and fat content, so the FCR is
Feed_conversion_ratio
Equations modelling predator–prey cycles
point. The largest value of the constant K is obtained by solving the optimization problem y α e − β y x γ e − δ x = y α x γ e δ x + β y ⟶ max x , y > 0
Lotka–Volterra_equations
Works that re-shape the earth's surface
haul planning is to determine these amounts and the goal of mass haul optimization is to minimize either or both. Now they can be performed with a computer
Earthworks_(engineering)
North American language family
M. (2014). "Historical Linguistics as a Sequence Optimization Problem: the Evolution and Biogeography of Uto-Aztecan Languages". Cladistics: 1–13. doi:10
Uto-Aztecan_languages
Average uncertainty in variable's states
species diversity and the 'Shannon–Wiener' Index". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 12 (3): 177–179. Bibcode:2003GloEB..12..177S. doi:10.1046/j.1466-822X
Entropy_(information_theory)
Family of fruit bats
Megachiroptera Based on Ribosomal DNA". Systematic Biology. 44 (2): 209–220. doi:10.1093/sysbio/44.2.209. Bergmans, W. (1997). "Taxonomy and biogeography of African
Megabat
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
modelled by r/K selection theory, which is based on Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson's work on island biogeography. In this theory, selective pressures drive
Natural_selection
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
the performance of predictive distribution models". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 17 (2). Wiley: 145–151. Bibcode:2008GloEB..17..145L. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Web-based database of zooxanthellate Scleractinia (stony corals)
comprehensive and up-to-date reference on the subjects of coral taxonomy, biogeography and identification. It is focused only on the group of zooxanthellate
Corals_of_the_World_(website)
Philosophical problem-solving principle
biological research." This is an ontological critique of parsimony. In biogeography, parsimony is used to infer ancient vicariant events or migrations of
Occam's_razor
Diverse group of extinct sloth species
(ed.). "Bayesian Total-Evidence Dating Revisits Sloth Phylogeny and Biogeography: A Cautionary Tale on Morphological Clock Analyses". Systematic Biology
Ground_sloth
Extinct genus of invertebrates
and was thought to have conducted feeding in the water column. Modeling based on fossil specimens show that the frill possessed an "upturned bell" shape
Ernietta
two-band or three-band relations – slope-based, distance-based on soil line or optimized (slope-based and distance-based concepts combined) – no approach deals
Moment_distance_index
Movement of fishes from one part of a water body to another on a regular basis
Atlantic Ocean wahoo, a large circumtropical pelagic fish". Journal of Biogeography. 48 (8): 2053–2067. doi:10.1111/jbi.14135. hdl:11343/298583. ISSN 0305-0270
Fish_migration
Set of geospatial design concepts and methods
Urban Music Transport Social Tourism Tropical Physical geography Fields Biogeography Ecology Phytogeography Zoogeography Climatology / Paleoclimatology /
Geodesign
Use of geographic information in marketing activities
becomes automated and based on scientific procedures that saves both time and money. Geomarketing uses key facts, a good base map, Whois data layers
Geomarketing
International ecological preservation initiative
8% of marine areas are protected. Including OECM's (Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures) the percent of protected areas are 18.4% of terrestrial
30_by_30
Adaptive behavior by microscopic organisms including bacteria and protists
intracellular calcium. Bacterial colony optimization is an algorithm used in evolutionary computing. The algorithm is based on a lifecycle model that simulates
Microbial_intelligence
of endothermy. Upchurch & Chiarenza (2024) review the studies of the biogeography of non-avian dinosaurs. Qvarnström et al. (2024) reconstruct food webs
2024 in archosaur paleontology
2024_in_archosaur_paleontology
Agricultural technique of Indigenous people in the Americas
Maize: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Prehistory, Linguistics, Biogeography, Domestication, and Evolution of Maize. Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp
Three_Sisters_(agriculture)
Field of ecology
Wilson, Edward O.; MacArthur, Robert H. (2016). The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-8137-6. JSTOR j.ctt19cc1t2
Population_ecology
Small, shrimp-like crustaceans; order of crustaceans
Oliveira; Peter R. Teske; Mark J. Gibbons (2008). "Molecular dating and biogeography of the neritic krill Nyctiphanes" (PDF). Marine Biology. 155 (2): 243–247
Krill
Reconstructed ancestor of the Uto-Aztecan languages
M. (2014). "Historical linguistics as a sequence optimization problem: the evolution and biogeography of Uto-Aztecan languages" (PDF). Cladistics. 31 (2):
Proto-Uto-Aztecan_language
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
developmental processes Genetics – Science of genes, heredity and variation Biogeography – Study of distribution of species Ecological genetics – Study of genetics
Outline_of_evolution
Clade of reptiles
archosaurs yields insights into early pseudosuchian phylogeny and the biogeography of the archosaur radiation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 128. Bibcode:2014BMCEE
Suchia
Searching for wild food resources
Such a forager has perfect knowledge of how to optimize energy intake per unit of feeding time, based on the assumption that natural selection shapes
Foraging
Hypothesis on normative mate selection
267, 273, 281. ISBN 978-0-19-854215-5. Williams, George C. (1992). "Optimization and related concepts". In: Natural Selection: Domains, Levels and Challenges
Koinophilia
Large brown seaweeds in the order Laminariales
pp. i–iv, 1–382, 122 (41 col.) pls. Bolton, John J. (July 2010). "The biogeography of kelps (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae): a global analysis with new insights
Kelp
"Dispersal, Vicariance, and the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary Land Mammal Biogeography from South America to Australia". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 3 (2):
Mammals_of_Australia
practitioners to derive meaningful patterns and relationships from location-based information. Currently, there are several software packages, ranging from
List of spatial analysis software
List_of_spatial_analysis_software
Family of insects
(1998). "A review of Bahamian ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) biogeography". Journal of Biogeography. 25 (3): 561–571. Bibcode:1998JBiog..25..561M. doi:10.1046/j
Ant
Extinct clade of dinosaurs
Craig A; Norman, David B (2002-03-22). "An analysis of dinosaurian biogeography: evidence for the existence of vicariance and dispersal patterns caused
Eudromaeosauria
Ecological concept
the interpretation of animal choice behavior: the case for constrained optimization", in Hughes, Roger N (ed.), Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection
Prey_switching
Organism that uses light for energy but needs nutrients from elsewhere
ways: they use a bacteriochlorophyll-based reaction center, or they use a bacteriorhodopsin. The chlorophyll-based mechanism is similar to that used in
Photoheterotroph
Fine grained natural soil
Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131547283. Boylu, Feridun (1 April 2011). "Optimization of foundry sand characteristics of soda-activated calcium bentonite"
Clay
Biological interaction
form a foraging cycle. The predator must decide where to look for prey based on its geographical distribution; and once it has located prey, it must
Predation
Stress on organisms caused by nonliving factors
El-Beltagi, H. S. (2024). "Improving hyperaccumulator plant traits for the optimized remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils". Bio-organic Amendments
Abiotic_stress
South American true parrot
success of invasive ring-necked and monk parakeets in Europe". Journal of Biogeography. 36 (12): 2264–2278. Bibcode:2009JBiog..36.2264S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699
Monk_parakeet
Family of gastropods
Arminidae (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) with considerations of biogeography". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 36: 53–64
Arminidae
Academic fields of study or professions
Climate Physical geography (is also listed in Earth Science) Atmology Biogeography Climatology Palaeoclimatology Coastal geography Emergency management
Outline of academic disciplines
Outline_of_academic_disciplines
Class of arthropods
de Guadarrama National Park (Madrid and Segovia, Spain): taxonomy and biogeography". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 285 (12): 81–96. Bibcode:2020ZooAn.285...81J
Springtail
Study of the evolution of nervous systems
was based on the principles of natural selection and variation, Lamarckism was based on the passing down of acquired traits, Orthogenesis was based on
Evolutionary_neuroscience
Edible plant in the family Amaranthaceae
could be descendants of cultivated plants. Over the last 5,000 years the biogeography of Ch. quinoa has changed greatly, mainly by human influence, convenience
Quinoa
Theory concerning metabolism and observed patterns in ecology
3⁄4 scaling factor are based on resource transport network models, where the limiting resources are distributed via some optimized network to all resource
Metabolic_theory_of_ecology
Highest level of animal sociality a species can attain
Reciprocity (social psychology) Stigmergy Ant colony optimization (ACO) Bee colony optimization Task allocation and partitioning of social insects Crespi
Eusociality
Family of birds
J, Witt C, Altshuler D, et al. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned
Hummingbird
Clade of primates endemic to the island of Madagascar
Late Cretaceous Vertebrates of Madagascar: A Window into Gondwanan Biogeography at the End of the Age of Dinosaurs. pp. 40–47. Burney, D.A. (2003). Madagascar's
Lemur
Largest species of deer
shifts of moose (Alces alces) during the Late Quaternary". Journal of Biogeography. 47 (10): 2223–2234. Bibcode:2020JBiog..47.2223M. doi:10.1111/jbi.13935
Moose
Interdisciplinary study of cognitive science and geography
geographic knowledge differently from different sources, for example, text-based, map-based, or any real-world experience. A typical study in Cognitive Geography
Cognitive_geography
Ecosystem modelling software
Christensen, V. and Walters, C.J., 2004. Trade-offs in ecosystem-scale optimization of fisheries management policies. Bull Mar Sci, 74:549-562 Walters, C
Ecopath
Analysis of terrain
Analysis in Geomorphology. Methuen and Co Ltd, UK Klimánek, M. (2006). "Optimization of digital terrain model for its application in forestry". Journal of
Geomorphometry
Group of genes from one parent
Richard Ladle. Wiley-Blackwell, 2016. ISBN 978-1-118-96858-1 p106. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach Editorial Board, V&S Publishers
Haplotype
Genus of bats
2004). "Ecological zoogeography of the bats of Paraguay". Journal of Biogeography. 31 (1): 33–45. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.00940.x. S2CID 83482459
Histiotus
Anatomy Anthropogeny Anthropology Astrobiology Bacteriology Biochemistry Biogeography Biogeology Bioinformatics Biological engineering Biomathematics Biomechanics
List of research methods in biology
List_of_research_methods_in_biology
Species of large cat
S2CID 246693903. Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in Tilson & Nyhus 2010, pp. 53–84 Sun, X.;
Tiger
2004). "Patterns of distribution in the Ediacaran biotas: facies versus biogeography and evolution". Paleobiology. 30 (2): 203–221. Bibcode:2004Pbio...30
History_of_life
Evolutionary psychology theories
to have evolved in order to enhance survival and reproductive success. Based on this theory, things like color preference, preferred mate body ratios
Evolutionary_aesthetics
Genus of flowering plants
comparison of native and exotic woodlands in California". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 11 (1): 49–57. Bibcode:2002GloEB..11...49S. doi:10.1046/j.1466-822X
Eucalyptus
Functional relationship between two quantities
2012. Bibliography Albert, J. S.; Reis, R. E., eds. (2011). Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes. Berkeley: University of California
Power_law
Genus of large bats
of megachiropteran bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) based on direct optimization analysis of one nuclear and four mitochondrial genes". Cladistics
Pteropus
Techniques to study geometric data
of the most intensively studied problems in optimization. It is used as a benchmark for many optimization methods. Even though the problem is computationally
Spatial_analysis
Order of gastropods
brackish-water nudibranch mollusc provides new insights for phylogeny and biogeography and reveals paedomorphosis-driven evolution". PLOS ONE. 13 (1) e0192177
Nudibranch
Wildland-ocean interface
"Vegetation-microclimate feedbacks in woodland-grassland ecotones". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 22 (4): 364–379. Bibcode:2013GloEB..22..364D. doi:10.1111/geb.12000
Marine_coastal_ecosystem
Family of arachnids
themselves appear as sister groups in Bayesian analysis, but not in direct optimization parsimony analyses. The family Pettalidae contains the following genera
Pettalidae
Statistical method for molecular phylogenetics
radiation of Cuban toads (Bufonidae: Peltophryne) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes". Journal of Biogeography. 39 (3): 434–51. Bibcode:2012JBiog..39..434A
Bayesian inference in phylogeny
Bayesian_inference_in_phylogeny
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
not the diversity of soil fauna: a meta-analysis". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 32 (4): 482–94. Bibcode:2023GloEB..32..482Z. doi:10.1111/geb.13641.
Fertilizer
Genocidal massacres of Native Americans
Impacts on Fire Regimes of the California Coastal Ranges". Journal of Biogeography. 29 (3): 303–320. Bibcode:2002JBiog..29..303K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699
California_genocide
Species of grasshopper
Harrison, R.G (2006-04-07). "Ancient trans-Atlantic flight explains locust biogeography: molecular phylogenetics of Schistocerca". Proceedings of the Royal Society
Desert_locust
Microscopic algae
decrease the usage of synthetic fertilizers, improve soil fertility, and optimize nutrients. The use of microalgae in cosmetic products is also becoming
Microalgae
System to capture, manage, and present geographic data
shape of the surface of the earth, such as hydrology, earthworks, and biogeography. Thus, terrain data is often a core dataset in a GIS, usually in the
Geographic_information_system
Large permanent human settlement
Ecology and Special Features of Urban Ecosystems". Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters. 4 (6): 173–187. doi:10.2307/2997649. JSTOR 2997649. Herbert
City
Study of language comparison using quantitative methods
M. (2015). "Historical linguistics as a sequence optimization problem: The evolution and biogeography of Uto-Aztecan languages" (PDF). Cladistics. 31 (2):
Quantitative comparative linguistics
Quantitative_comparative_linguistics
Research institute in Russia
Researching the development and optimization of regional types of nature management, including coastal-marine, based on geoinformation technologies, development
Pacific Institute of Geography
Pacific_Institute_of_Geography
Study of spatial information
Al-Haddad, Luttfi A.; Ali Farhan Ogaili, Ahmed (2026). "Path Optimization for Aircraft Based on Geographic Information Systems and Deep Learning". Automation
Technical_geography
Extinct genus of reptiles
Ctenosauriscus from the Latest Early Triassic of Germany and the Timing and Biogeography of the Early Archosaur Radiation". PLOS ONE. 6 (10) e25693. Bibcode:2011PLoSO
Nundasuchus
Multivariate statistical technique
analysis while allowing for spatial autocorrelation considerations. Biogeography: To identify historical dispersal routes, and barriers to gene flow,
Spatial Analysis of Principal Components
Spatial_Analysis_of_Principal_Components
Study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures
Human behavioral ecology Life history theory Marginal value theorem Optimization Mating effort Parental effort Phylogenetic comparative methods Selection
Behavioral_ecology
Study of humans and their environment
1007/s10745-005-2435-7. JSTOR 4603569. S2CID 154454141. Stallin, J. A. (2007). "The biogeography of geographers: A content visualization of journal publications" (PDF)
Human_ecology
and fluctuations in landscape patterns is one of the many problems in biogeography and conservation biology. Patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem functions
Landscape_connectivity
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
Edwards and Cavalli-Sforza. 1965 Camin-Sokal parsimony, first parsimony (optimization) criterion and first computer program/algorithm for cladistic analysis
Phylogenetics
Compilation of software used to produce phylogenetic trees
fast alignment-free bioinformatics procedure to infer accurate distance-based phylogenetic trees from genome assemblies". Research Ideas and Outcomes
List of phylogenetics software
List_of_phylogenetics_software
Order of insects including moths and butterflies
July 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2010. Mani, M. S. (1968). Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects. Volume 4 of Series entomologica. Springer.
Lepidoptera
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
Boy/Male
Muslim
Smiling
Girl/Female
British, English
Based
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Brave
Boy/Male
Tamil
Base
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Muslim, Sindhi
Joy; Solved; Based
Boy/Male
Indian
Base
Girl/Female
American, British, English
God is Gracious; Modern Name Based on Jane or Jean; Based on Janai
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Hebrew, Indian
God is Gracious; Modern Name Based on Jane or Jean; Based on Janai
Male
Egyptian
, the father of Hor-imhotep.
Boy/Male
English
Phonetic name based on initials.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
God is Gracious; Modern Name Based on Jane or Jean; Based on Janai
Boy/Male
Afghan, African, Arabic, Australian, Chinese, Greek, Indian, Muslim
Brave
Girl/Female
American, British, English
God is Gracious; Modern Name Based on Jane or Jean; Based on Janai
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian
Smiling
Girl/Female
English American
Based on Natasha meaning birthday.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Phonetic Name Based on Initials
Girl/Female
American, British, English
God is Gracious; Modern Name Based on Jane or Jean; Based on Janai
Boy/Male
English
Phonetic name based on initials.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Smiling
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Phonetic Name Based on Initials
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Worthy of Worship
Boy/Male
Russian
Great.
Biblical
thunder, or in vain
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Rain
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a miller or baker, from Old French gruel ‘fine flour’, ‘meal’.Perhaps also an Americanized spelling of German Greuel.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Symbol of Success
Boy/Male
Biblical, British, English
Just; Justified; Righteous
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil
Goddess of Beauty; Lovely Woman
Girl/Female
English
Derived from the Brittish Nottinghamshire place name of Annesley. From Ann's meadow. From the awe...
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada, Traditional
Relationship
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED-OPTIMIZATION
n.
A pie; baked food.
n.
The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; as, the base of a system of logarithms.
a.
Cased or covered with iron, as a vessel; ironclad.
a.
Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; as, a base fellow; base motives; base occupations.
n.
The bottom of anything, considered as its support, or that on which something rests for support; the foundation; as, the base of a statue.
a.
Imperfectly baked; hence, not brought to perfection; unfinished; also, of weak or dull understanding.
n.
Wearing, or protected by, bases.
a.
Not held by honorable service; as, a base estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant.
a.
Of little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; as, base shrubs.
imp. & p. p.
of Base
n.
Same as Prison base.
a.
Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broad-based.
a.
Deep or grave in sound; as, the base tone of a violin.
n.
A rustic play; -- called also prisoner's base, prison base, or bars.
n.
To put on a base or basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or conclusion; -- used with on or upon.
n.
A low, or deep, sound. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part; the deepest male voice. (b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, base.
a.
Reduced; lowered; restrained; as, to speak with bated breath.
a.
Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as, base coin; base bullion.
n.
The study or description of the geographical distribution of animals.
n.
The lowest member of a base when divided horizontally, or of a baseboard, pedestal, or the like.