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Weight of a human neonate at birth
Birth weight is the body weight of a neonate at their birth. The average birth weight in babies of European and African descent is 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb)
Birth_weight
Complication of infants at birth
Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of an infant of 2,499 g (5 lb 8.1 oz) or less, regardless of gestational
Low_birth_weight
Statistical quirk of babies' birth weights
The low birth-weight paradox is an apparently paradoxical observation relating to the birth weights and mortality rate of children born to tobacco smoking
Low_birth-weight_paradox
Birth at less than a specified gestational age
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately
Preterm_birth
Culmination of a multiple pregnancy where two or more offspring are born
reducing prematurity in cases of multiple birth. As a result of preterm birth, multiples tend to have lower birth weight than singletons. Exceptions are possible
Multiple_birth
1999 studio album by Piano Magic
Low Birth Weight is the third album by English band Piano Magic, released in May 1999 by Rocket Girl. The cover image is a cropped portion of "The Kittens'
Low_Birth_Weight
Theory of sexual orientation
brothers. As birth weight is undeniably prenatally determined, it might indicate that a common developmental factor that operates before birth necessarily
Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation
Fraternal_birth_order_and_male_sexual_orientation
Animal unusually small for its species
veterinary medicine, a runt may also be described using terms such as low-birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and small for gestational age
Runt
Nutrition of the mother during pregnancy
outcome later in life. Prenatal nutrition has a strong influence on birth weight and further development of the infant. A study at the National Institution
Prenatal_nutrition
One of two offspring produced by the same pregnancy
be born at a low birth weight. More than half of twins are born weighing less than 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg), while the average birth weight of a healthy baby
Twin
Condition present at birth regardless of cause
correlation between paternal alcohol exposure and decreased offspring birth weight. Behavioral and cognitive disorders, including difficulties with learning
Birth_defect
Insufficient growth or weight gain in children
weight for age irrespective of birth weight. Another definition of FTT is a weight for age that is consistently below the fifth percentile or weight for
Failure_to_thrive
Medical condition
restriction, also called pathological SGA The condition is defined by birth weight and/or length.[citation needed] Intrauterine growth restriction is generally
Small_for_gestational_age
Process in which an embryo and later fetus develops during gestation
about 154 days) of gestation (the time when birth weight is normally 500 g) to 7 completed days after birth. In many of the developing countries the starting
Prenatal_development
Prenatal organism between the embryonic state and birth
(LGA). SGA can result in low birth weight, although premature birth can also result in low birth weight. Low birth weight increases the risk for perinatal
Fetus
Death of children under the age of 1
infant mortality risk is infant birth weight, with lower birth weights increasing the risk; the causes of low birth weight include socioeconomic, psychological
Infant_mortality
Pregnancy at older ages
associated with a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, pre-term birth, stillbirth, unexplained fetal death, and increased rates of
Advanced_maternal_age
Person's mass or weight
average weights of adult humans in the journal BMC Public Health and at the United Nations conference Rio+20. Anthropometry Bergmann's rule Birth weight Body
Human_body_weight
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
birth weight paradox: Low birth weight and mothers who smoke contribute to a higher mortality rate. Babies of smokers have lower average birth weight
List_of_paradoxes
Medical condition
developmental age. Macrosomia is a similar term that describes excessive birth weight, but refers to an absolute measurement, regardless of gestational age
Large_for_gestational_age
Fruit of the areca palm chewed as a stimulant
adverse reproductive effects, including stillbirth, premature birth, and low birth weight. Its consumption by around 600 million people worldwide, mainly
Areca_nut
Technique of newborn care
skin-to-skin contact (SSC), is an intervention to care for premature or low birth weight (LBW) infants. The technique and intervention is the recommended evidence-based
Kangaroo_care
Intestinal disease affecting infants
enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. It is characterized by the permeability of the neonatal bowel
Necrotizing_enterocolitis
Death of a fetus at or after 20–28 weeks of pregnancy
or birth weight (350, 400, 500, or 1000 g). In the United States, there are eight different definitions by combinations of gestational age and weight, and
Stillbirth
Conclusion of the human pregnancy
newborn deaths globally: prematurity, low-birth-weight, infections, lack of oxygen at birth, and trauma during birth. Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal
Childbirth
Time of offspring development in mother's body
risks than women who give birth at age 20 to 24 and their infants are at a higher risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and other severe neonatal
Pregnancy
Medical condition
malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. The causes of IUGR are broad and may involve maternal, fetal
Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine_growth_restriction
Paradox regarding low birth weight among Mexicans
observation that Mexicans exhibit a surprisingly low incidence of low birth weight (especially foreign-born Mexican mothers), contrary to what would be
Mexican_paradox
Antifungal medication
those who are at high risk such as following organ transplantation, low birth weight babies, and those with low blood neutrophil counts. It is given either
Fluconazole
Condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth
systematic review concluded that, for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants, ibuprofen is as effective as indomethacin. It also causes fewer
Patent_ductus_arteriosus
Public health initiative to promote safe sleeping positions for babies
"Influence of increased survival in very low birth weight, low birth weight, and normal birth weight infants on the incidence of sudden infant death
Safe_to_Sleep
Tobacco smoking during pregnancy
low birth weight (less than 2.5 kilograms or 5.5 pounds), making it more likely the baby will become ill or die. Premature and low birth weight babies
Smoking_and_pregnancy
Belgian breed of beef cattle
of muscle fibres at birth than a calf with no myostatin gene mutation. In addition, a newborn double-muscled calf's birth weight is significantly greater
Belgian_Blue
Ability of a fetus to survive outside the uterus
the uterus. Viability depends upon factors such as gestational age, birth weight, sex, genetics, perinatal circumstances, and the availability of advanced
Fetal_viability
Family of female wrestlers
sisters from Haryana, India, all of whom are wrestlers. In order of their birth, they are Geeta, Babita, Priyanka, Ritu, Vinesh, and Sangeeta. Geeta, Babita
Phogat_sisters
Medical condition
repeated caffeine doses of 100 mg appeared to result in higher risk of low birth weight. The maximum daily recommended intake for caffeine is generally cited
Caffeine_dependence
Type of smokeless tobacco product
negative reproductive effects including stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight. Chewing tobacco poses a lower health risk than traditional combusted
Chewing_tobacco
Hypothesis that prenatal conditions shape long-term health and related outcomes
studies report associations between prenatal conditions (often proxied by birth weight or gestational exposures) and later outcomes, critics note that causal
Fetal_origins_hypothesis
Medical care of newborns, especially the ill or premature
ventilation of the newborn, allowing for survival at an increasingly smaller birth weight. In 1952, the anesthesiologist Dr. Virginia Apgar developed the Apgar
Neonatology
Moist tobacco product placed under the upper lip
been linked to reproductive harms such as stillbirth, premature birth, and low birth weight. Conversely, non-tobacco-based nicotine pouches (also known as
Snus
Feeling of apprehension, discomfort or awkwardness in the presence of other people
correlation between birth weight and shyness or cautiousness in children. Findings suggest that those born at low birth weights are more likely to be
Shyness
Nutrient intake and dietary planning undertaken before, during, and after pregnancy
estimated 24% of babies worldwide are born with lower than optimal weights at birth due to lack of proper nutrition. Personal habits such as consumption
Nutrition_and_pregnancy
Medical condition
pregnancy weight gain, dehydration, and vitamin, electrolyte, and acid-based disturbances in the mother. It has been shown to cause low birth weight, small
Complications_of_pregnancy
System of measurements
first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act 1824 and which continued to be developed through a series of Weights and Measures Acts and amendments
Imperial_units
Hormonal disorder in women
pubic hair and sweat gland development (adrenarche), and obesity. Low birth weight, exposure to androgens in the womb, and exposure to hormone disruptors
Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome
Polyendocrine_metabolic_ovarian_syndrome
Intensive care for newborn infants
increased the survival of very low birth weight and extremely premature infants. In the era before NICUs, infants of birth weight less than 1,400 grams (3.1 pounds)
Neonatal_intensive_care_unit
Overview of the prenatal care system in the United States of America
evaluations. Over the last century, prenatal care has shifted focus to low birth weight and other preventive conditions to decrease the rate of infant mortality
Prenatal care in the United States
Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States
Pregnancy in under-20 year olds
birth. For girls aged 15–19, risks are associated more with socioeconomic factors than with the biological effects of age. Risks of low birth weight,
Teenage_pregnancy
Medical condition
oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction, small placenta, low birth weight and length, hypotonia, motor and speech delay, joint laxity, clinodactyly
Temple_syndrome
Sudden unexplained death of a child who is less than one year of age
weighing 1000–1499 g was 2.89/1000, while for a birth weight of 3500–3999 g, it was only 0.51/1000. Premature birth increases the risk of SIDS death roughly
SIDS
Tobacco preparation chewed in South Asia
negative reproductive effects including stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight. Gutka is manufactured in the sub-continent and exported to a
Gutka
Medical condition
including placental abruption, low birth weight, premature delivery, perinatal death, and fetal abnormalities. Low birth weight: Lack of proper nutrition and
Circumvallate_placenta
Device used to introduce a stream of water into the body
adverse pregnancy outcomes including ectopic pregnancy, low birth weight, preterm labor, preterm birth, and chorioamnionitis; serious gynecologic outcomes, including
Douche
Son of U.S. president John F. Kennedy
John W. Walsh, who had also delivered John Jr. in 1960. The infant's birth weight was 4 pounds 10+1⁄2 ounces (2.11 kg). He was the first child born to
Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy
Amino acid metabolic disorder
has poorly treated PKU may have heart problems, a small head, and low birth weight. Phenylketonuria is an inherited genetic disorder. It is caused by mutations
Phenylketonuria
Tallest person in recorded history (1918–1940)
1918, to Harold Franklin and Addie May (Johnson) Wadlow, with a typical birth weight of 8 lb 5 oz (3.77 kg) and was the oldest of five children. He was taller
Robert_Wadlow
Group of conditions resulting from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
include: Growth deficiency or failure to thrive: slow fetal growth low birth weight or height, small head circumference (microcephaly) Congenital malformations
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder
Regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal
function. Individuals who were born very low birth weight (<1500 grams) and extremely low birth weight are at greater risk for various cognitive deficits
Planning
Female parent
of a child. A woman may be considered a mother by virtue of having given birth, by raising a child who may or may not be her biological offspring, or by
Mother
Medical condition
intraventricular hemorrhage that commonly occurs in preterm and very low birth weight infants. Bleeding occurs in the subependymal germinal matrix with or
Germinal_matrix_hemorrhage
Medical check-ups during pregnancy
in reducing the frequency of maternal death, miscarriages, birth defects, low birth weight, neonatal infections, and other preventable health problems
Prenatal_care
ewes often produce multiple lambs. This increase in lamb births, both in number and birth weight, may cause problems with delivery and lamb survival, requiring
Domestic_sheep_reproduction
Birth following a cesarean section
induction or augmentation, advanced maternal age, high body mass index, high birth weight, gestational age greater than 40 weeks, short interdelivery interval
Delivery after previous caesarean section
Delivery_after_previous_caesarean_section
Calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources
Power-to-weight ratio (PWR, also called specific power, or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to
Power-to-weight_ratio
Very young offspring of humans
head to the bottom of the heel. In developed countries, the average birth weight of a full-term newborn is approximately 3.4 kg (7+1⁄2 lb), and is typically
Infant
Reduced growth rate in human development
to their smaller pelvis and are at risk of delivering a baby with low birth weight Stunted growth can be passed to the next generation, known as the "intergenerational
Stunted_growth
Fetus exits womb with sign of life
neonate at birth also significantly indicates how well it tolerates life outside the mother. Factors measured at birth include birth weight, head circumference
Live_birth_(human)
Process of abandoning maternal nourishment in mammals
years); body weight may be compared to birth weight (quadrupling of birth weight yields about 2+1⁄2 to 3+1⁄2 years for humans; 1⁄3 of adult weight yields 5
Weaning
Network of nerves
newborn's weight and brachial plexus injuries; however, the number of cesarean deliveries necessary to prevent a single injury is high at most birth weights. For
Brachial_plexus
Effect of toxins of development of the fetus
ten US babies are born preterm and about 5% have low birth weight. Preterm birth, defined as birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation, is a major contributor
Environmental toxicants and fetal development
Environmental_toxicants_and_fetal_development
Housing shortage and inflation
second or third trimester. Birth weight lowered by about 26.88 grams, and pregnancies declined by 0.09 weeks. Low birth weight increased by a rate of 0
Housing crisis in the United States
Housing_crisis_in_the_United_States
Medical condition
Dwarfism, low-birth-weight type with unresponsiveness to growth hormone is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by developmental delays
Dwarfism, low-birth-weight type with unresponsiveness to growth hormone
Dwarfism,_low-birth-weight_type_with_unresponsiveness_to_growth_hormone
Discussions and claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines
learning materials in the home, parenting factors, child birth order, and child birth weight) accounted for the black–white gap in cognitive ability test
Race_and_intelligence
Medical condition
being birthed at a gestational age of less than 37 weeks. It can be associated with and is often studied in the same group as low birth weight, but they
Health outcomes for adults born prematurely
Health_outcomes_for_adults_born_prematurely
Finely ground smokeless tobacco product
negative reproductive effects including stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight. Dipping tobacco poses a lower health risk than traditional combusted
Dipping_tobacco
Impact on human intelligence
nutrition is difficult to measure, birth weight has been used as a surrogate marker of nutrition in many studies. Birth weight needs to be corrected for gestational
Causes_of_intelligence
Notice to let others know about a new baby
pictures of the baby the baby's birth date and time the baby's birth weight and height the location of the baby's birth the names of the baby's parents
Baby_announcement
Set of actions that harm or lack consideration for the well-being of others
risk factors include maternal drug use during pregnancy, birth complications, low birth weight, prenatal brain damage, traumatic head injury, and chronic
Anti-social_behaviour
Prevention of human pregnancy
earnings, assets, and weight, as well as their children's schooling and health, all improve with greater access to birth control. Birth control increases
Birth_control
Form of dipping tobacco
negative reproductive effects including stillbirth, premature birth, and low birth weight. Naswar poses a lower health risk than traditional combusted
Naswar
Painting by Sandro Botticelli
The Birth of Venus (Italian: Nascita di Venere [ˈnaʃʃita di ˈvɛːnere]) is a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli, probably executed in the
The_Birth_of_Venus
Chronic lung disease in premature infants
to years. The strongest risk factors for BPD are prematurity and low birth weight. It is also more common in infants who require prolonged treatment with
Bronchopulmonary_dysplasia
Form of dwarfism that results in a smaller body size in all stages of life
Typically, people with primordial dwarfism are born with very low birth weights. After birth, growth continues at a much slower rate, leaving individuals with
Primordial_dwarfism
Hypertension occurring during pregnancy
which could result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight. The fetal origins hypothesis states that fetal undernutrition is linked
Pre-eclampsia
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
associated with an increased risk of stillbirths, premature births, birth defects, or low birth weight. Two small post-marketing epidemiology studies of mostly
Ciprofloxacin
Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health
several other health problems for the fetus, such as premature birth and low birth weight, and increases the chance of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Health effects of smoking tobacco
Health_effects_of_smoking_tobacco
Effects of drug consumption during pregnancy
non-medical fashion are at a higher risk for premature birth, lower birth weight, still birth, specific birth defects, and withdrawal (neonatal abstinence syndrome)
Drugs_in_pregnancy
Presence of syphilis in a baby due to its mother being infected
unborn babies, 61,000 deaths of newborn babies, 41,000 low birth weights or preterm births, and 109,000 young children diagnosed with congenital syphilis
Congenital_syphilis
Movement disorders that appear in early childhood
They are also more likely to be born with a low birth weight. In those who are born with a weight between 1 kg (2.2 lbs) and 1.5 kg (3.3 lbs) CP occurs
Cerebral_palsy
Effects of air pollution on reproduction
outcomes such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight and birth defects increase when pregnant women are exposed to air pollution.
Pollution_and_reproduction
French and Colombian pediatrician
Pontifical Xavierian University, her research focuses on the care of low-birth weight preterm infants and the application of kangaroo mother care. Charpak's
Nathalie_Charpak
Assisted reproductive technology procedure
and reported that 8.7% of singleton infants and 54.2% of twins had a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 lb). There is some evidence that making
In_vitro_fertilisation
American sociologist (born 1969)
Destiny: Birth Weight and Life Chances" (with Neil G. Bennett, American Sociological Review, 1999), and his third book, The Starting Gate: Birth Weight and
Dalton_Conley
Removal of the human foreskin
placebo. Topical creams have been found to irritate the skin of low birth weight infants, so penile nerve block techniques are recommended in this group
Circumcision
Statistical paradox
physiological relationship between birth weight and blood pressure, experiments in which birth weight and current weight can be manipulated are required
Lord's_paradox
Chemical compound of sulfur and oxygen
reduced infants' weight by 7.3 g, making it and other forms of air pollution the largest attributable risk factor for low birth weight ever observed. Due
Sulfur_dioxide
Type of selection in evolution where a trait stabilizes around the average value
phenotypes throughout human populations. Birth Weight − A classic example of this is human birth weight. Babies of low weight lose heat more quickly and get ill
Stabilizing_selection
Stages in the development of children
Physical growth in stature and weight occurs for 15–20 years following birth, as the individual changes from the average weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) and length
Child_development
Feeding of infants/toddlers with breast milk
breastfed baby doubles its birth weight in 5–6 months. By one year, a typical breastfed baby weighs about 2+1⁄2 times its birth weight. At one year, breastfed
Breastfeeding
Measure of the age of a pregnancy
Rates in High-Income Countries: Should Exclusion Thresholds Be Based on Birth Weight or Gestational Age?". PLOS ONE. 8 (5) e64869. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...864869M
Gestational_age
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