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Military tactic in World War II
The bomber stream was a saturation attack tactic developed by the Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command to overwhelm the nighttime German aerial defences
Bomber_stream
Military tactic of overwhelming the defending side
their multiple missiles in large container/launch tube housings. The bomber stream was a tactic pioneered by the RAF to overwhelm German air defences during
Saturation_attack
German night air defense system
000 plane raid against Cologne, Bomber Command introduced the use of the bomber stream. The concentration of bombers through a few of the boxes overwhelmed
Kammhuber_Line
British bombing raids in World War II
use of the "bomber stream" to overwhelm German radar and defences by flying in a narrow dense formation. Bomber Command recorded 868 bombers attacking the
Thousand-bomber_raids
aluminium foil strips dropped by Pathfinders as well as the initial bomber stream – in order to completely cloud German radar. The July 1943 raids inflicted
Bombing of Hamburg in World War II
Bombing_of_Hamburg_in_World_War_II
packed American bomber formations dropped their bombs together when the formation leader's aircraft bombed. In the British bomber stream tactic, by contrast
Creepback
Type of bomber designed to operate at night
our bombers were 5, 10 miles away. There was no bomber stream. We were largely on our own, perhaps 10 or 14 aircraft at intervals. —John Gee, Bomber Command
Night_bomber
World War II-era electronic countermeasure system
about 50 miles (80 km), their Lancasters were spread out through the bomber stream. Because ABC was used on almost every mission, 101 suffered among the
Airborne_Cigar
Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1892–1984)
RAF "thousand bomber raid" against Cologne (Köln) on the night of 30/31 May 1942. This operation included the first use of a bomber stream, which was a
Arthur_Harris
first time that the "bomber stream" tactic was used and most of the tactics used in this raid remained the basis for standard Bomber Command operations
Bombing of Cologne in World War II
Bombing_of_Cologne_in_World_War_II
Former Royal Air Force operations group
aircraft and either shoot them down or disrupt their missions against the bomber streams. Other Mosquitoes would patrol around Luftwaffe fighter airfields ready
No._100_Group_RAF
Military unit
routine 1,000-bomber raids over Germany from 30 May to 17 August 1942 using the bomber stream to swamp the Kammhuber Line. From August 1942, Bomber Command
Nachtjagdgeschwader_1
Crash of US Air Force bomber with nuclear warheads
total force it would constitute a "safety hazard." As a result, a new "bomber stream airborne alert concept known as 'Chrome Dome'", which used two routes
1961_Goldsboro_B-52_crash
War novel by Len Deighton
rituals are respected as the combatants ready themselves. The British bomber stream forms up and avoids known flak concentrations and searchlight batteries
Bomber_(novel)
WWII German strategic bombing campaign
in loose formation known as a bomber stream. German crews, like those in RAF Bomber Command, operated the bomber stream tactic in the face of vastly improved
Operation_Steinbock
German interception tactic
masse into the bomber stream by running commentaries from the Jagddivision. Once in the stream, fighters made radar contact with bombers, and attacked
Zahme_Sau
RAF target-marking squadrons in World War II
target-marking squadrons in RAF Bomber Command during World War II. They located and marked targets with flares, at which a main bomber force could aim, increasing
Pathfinder_(RAF)
WWII German radar equipment
aircraft. This allowed the night fighter to locate the bomber stream but not usually individual bombers. This was not usually an issue with the maritime based
Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine radar equipment of World War II
Luftwaffe_and_Kriegsmarine_radar_equipment_of_World_War_II
Novel by Ken Follett
tactically countered the line by concentrating all its bombers through a single radar sector in a "bomber stream", allowing the bulk to escape interception because
Hornet_Flight
Bomber attacks, 1943–44, WWII
shot-down bombers and its characteristics analysed. German detectors could find a bomber stream and direct night-fighters into it. Once Bomber Command began
Battle of Berlin (RAF campaign)
Battle_of_Berlin_(RAF_campaign)
1939–45 aerial campaign of World War II
British built up their bomber force, introducing better aircraft with navigational aids and tactics such as the bomber stream that enabled them to mount
Defence_of_the_Reich
Military unit
The aircrews of RAF Bomber Command during World War II operated a fleet of bomber aircraft that carried out the strategic bombing operations from September
RAF Bomber Command aircrew of World War II
RAF_Bomber_Command_aircrew_of_World_War_II
Military unit
Berlin which cost Bomber Command 30 bombers after the German night fighter direction vessel Togo fed the crews into the bomber stream. The night fighters
Nachtjagdgeschwader_2
Discipline concerning the application of advanced analytical methods
Kammhuber Line, it was realized by the British that if the RAF bombers were to fly in a bomber stream they could overwhelm the night fighters who flew in individual
Operations_research
2021 book by Malcolm Gladwell
bombing at a dramatically lower altitude to avoid the jet stream, removal of most of the bombers' defensive weaponry to increase bomb payload and wholesale
The_Bomber_Mafia
that produced a cone of jamming behind it, within which the following bomber stream could shelter, carried by 100 Group Fortresses and Liberators, from
List of World War II electronic warfare equipment
List_of_World_War_II_electronic_warfare_equipment
German night fighter aircraft during late World War II
above an Allied bomber stream before the 190 pilot released the Bomb Moskito, which would then hopefully crash straight into a bomber with massively destructive
Focke-Wulf_Ta_154_Moskito
Radar countermeasure
radar displays swamped with false echoes, utterly failed to find the bomber stream. For over a week, Allied attacks devastated a vast area of Hamburg,
Chaff_(countermeasure)
Tactic of the German Air Force against British night bombers
ground-controlled interception were released. The fighters flew against the bomber stream in a co-ordinated operation over a wide area, guided by a running commentary
Wilde_Sau
United States Air Force general
escort away from the bombers, the Mustangs returned to the bomber stream. Olds observed a Bf 109 of Sonderkommando Elbe attack the bombers and shoot down a
Robin_Olds
Airborne warfare throughout World War II
the new technique of the "bomber stream". On 30 May 1942, between 0047 and 0225 hours, in Operation Millennium 1,046 bombers dropped over 2,000 tons of
Strategic bombing during World War II
Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II
Early warning radar deployed by Germany during World War II
the Freya radar coverage, while further jammers were carried in the bomber stream to counter the inland Freya network. A Pole Freya radar A Limber Freya
Freya_radar
German World War II fighter unit
engaged the bomber stream and made claims. I. Gruppe and JG 50 were the most successful on the day. Both were awarded six confirmed bombers. By the end
Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War II)
Jagdgeschwader_1_(World_War_II)
World War II German surface-to-air missile
sort[which?] of proximity fuze while flying the missile through the bomber stream.[citation needed] The warhead, of which several were studied, was to
Enzian
Fighter wing of the Luftwaffe during World War II
on their first combat mission. They found a bomber stream of unescorted Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers. The pilots attacked from all directions except
Jagdgeschwader_27
1943 attack on German dams by Royal Air Force
German dams carried out on the night of 16/17 May 1943 by 617 Squadron RAF Bomber Command, later called the Dam Busters, using special bouncing bombs developed
Operation_Chastise
History for British light bomber
British light bomber that served in many roles during and after the Second World War. Mosquito-equipped squadrons performed medium bomber, reconnaissance
De Havilland Mosquito operational history
De_Havilland_Mosquito_operational_history
Day remembering the Battle of Britain on 15 September 1940
the main bomber stream. His Dornier attracted a swarm of fighters. Eventually Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron, out of bullets, rammed the bomber, sending
Battle_of_Britain_Day
Bombing technique
them under control. — Arthur Harris The tactical innovation of the bomber stream was developed by the RAF to overwhelm the German aerial defenses of
Firebombing
Recipient of the Victoria Cross (1918–1944)
DSO & Bar, DFC & Bar (12 August 1918 – 19 September 1944) was a British bomber pilot in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He was the first
Guy_Gibson
to 363 air raids during the Second World War. It was bombed by the RAF Bomber Command between 1940 and 1945, the United States Army Air Forces' Eighth
Bombing of Berlin in World War II
Bombing_of_Berlin_in_World_War_II
American WWII heavy bomber tactical formation
The combat box was a tactical formation used by heavy (strategic) bombers of the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. The combat box was also referred
Combat_box
Radar warning receiver in World War II
information of any sort. Operators found it useful for finding the bomber stream, at ranges as great as 35 kilometres (22 mi), but could not use it to
Naxos_radar_detector
Fitting of an upward-firing autocannon or machine gun to an interceptor aircraft
attacks included mixing de Havilland Mosquito night fighters into the bomber stream, to pick up radar emissions from the German night fighters. Wing Commander
Schräge_Musik
American ground scanning radar system used during World War II
before the main bomber stream and identify and mark the target with flares. American practice used their Pathfinder crews as lead bombers, with radar equipped
H2X
German fighter-wing of World War II
the returning disorganised bomber stream because it was not given the location of it. JG 2 was able to claim only nine bombers over the Somme, the other
Jagdgeschwader_26
Fast-flowing atmospheric air current
forecast very high west winds that would slow bombers raiding Japan. The polar and subtropical jet streams are the product of two factors: the atmospheric
Jet_stream
American air force general (1906–1990)
(41 km2) of the city. Members of the aircrews at the tail end of the bomber stream reported that the stench of burned human flesh permeated the aircraft
Curtis_LeMay
German Luftwaffe heavy fighter wing of World War II
/JG 11 responded. 606 Allied fighters covered the bomber stream from 13 US Fighter Groups. The bombers were well protected and lost five and three damaged
Zerstörergeschwader_26
German general and flying ace (1915–1995)
the war. Around 600 Eighth Air Force bombers attacked Merseburg-Leuna. JG 27 could not penetrate the bomber stream but claimed six P-51s battling escorting
Gustav_Rödel
Military unit
lead bomber of the 445th Bombardment Group miscalculated and the 35 planes of the 703d and the other squadrons of the group left the bomber stream of the
703d_Helicopter_Squadron
German air raids on British cities during World War II
chief of RAF Bomber Command saw greater enthusiasm for area bombing attacks of German cities, with new tactics such as the bomber stream, the use of incendiary
Baedeker_Blitz
Military flight crew member
the term was adopted as the last bomber in a unit formation, or the last unit formation in a larger bomber stream, both considered highly vulnerable
Tail_gunner
German World War II fighter pilot
1944 Bomber Command struck Mönchengladbach with 227 Lancaster bombers and 10 Mosquitos from 1 and 5 Groups Greiner infiltrated the bomber stream west
Hermann_Greiner
Military fighter aircraft designed particularly for long-range combat missions
P-51 Mustang, which, with enhanced fuel capacity, could fly with the bomber streams deep into Germany and engage the defense forces directly. These attacks
Strategic_fighter
Tail warning radar for bombers in World War II
Monica was a range-only tail warning radar for bombers, introduced by the RAF in June 1942. Officially known as ARI 5664, it operated at frequencies of
Monica_(radar)
Luftwaffe pilot and lawyer (1913-2010)
"bomber stream", crossing the Luftwaffe aerial defenses in narrow area would saturate the Himmelbett boxes. On the night of 30/31 May 1942, RAF Bomber
Hajo_Herrmann
Military unit
a single pass; four bombers went down. The attack was imperfectly completed; several Fw 190s pulled up behind the bomber stream instead of diving away
Jagdgeschwader_2
German fighter pilot (1922–1950)
the genuine target. Saturation of the Himmelbett control areas by a bomber stream and the introduction of Window practically made the previous Himmelbett
Heinz-Wolfgang_Schnaufer
German general
urging of R. V. Jones, Bomber Command planned attacks against one target at a time, sending all of the bombers in a "bomber stream", carefully positioned
Josef_Kammhuber
Royal Air Force officer
forward, passed beneath the bomber. I made my attack on this bomber and he spurted out a lot of oil, just a great stream over my aeroplane. blotting out
Ray_Holmes
New Zealand-born RAF officer (1920–1970)
Wellington carrying flares and bombs to mark the target for the main bomber stream. During the mission, a flare in the bomb bay caught fire, producing
Arthur_Ashworth
German WW2 radio guidance system
a Y-Fighter was part of a group of fighters intercepting an allied bomber stream, The Y-Fighter was painted a distinctive colour and the rest of the
Y-Control_for_fighters
Use of searchlights during World War II
The 60 cm searchlights were not powerful enough to reach the allied bomber streams later in the war, so they were typically employed organically with 20 mm
German searchlights of World War II
German_searchlights_of_World_War_II
Conflict in which all of a nation's resources are deployed
team on the optimum size and speed of convoys and the introduction of bomber streams, by the Royal Air Force to counter the night fighter defences of the
Total_war
Dutch-American wartime pilot, spy and writer
Pathfinder Force of Bomber Command's most experienced and best pilots, whose job it was to guide the Bomber stream of the RAF night bombers through all weathers
Erik_Hazelhoff_Roelfzema
helped confuse the defences, diverting resources away from the main bomber streams. These nuisance raids drove civilians into shelters and disturbed their
Bombing of Pforzheim in World War II
Bombing_of_Pforzheim_in_World_War_II
British bombing campaign during World War II
shot-down bombers to analyse its characteristics. German detectors could find a bomber stream and direct night-fighters into it. Once Bomber Command began
Battle_of_the_Ruhr
German World War II flying ace
(2007). Nächte im Bomberstrom: Erinnerungen 1920–1950 [Nights in the Bomber Stream: Memories 1920–1950] (in German). Moosburg, Germany: Neunundzwanzigsechs/SVK
Günther_Specht
Air raid on Japan during the Pacific War
aircraft flew in a long bomber stream; both of these tactics had been adopted from those used by the British Royal Air Force's Bomber Command in Europe. The
Bombing_of_Yawata_(June_1944)
Military unit
lead bomber of the 445th Bombardment Group miscalculated and the 35 planes of the 702d and the other squadrons of the group left the bomber stream of the
702d Expeditionary Airlift Squadron
702d_Expeditionary_Airlift_Squadron
German fighter-bomber
Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse (Hornet) is a heavy fighter and Schnellbomber ("Fast Bomber" in English) designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt
Messerschmitt_Me_410_Hornisse
Military unit type and size designation
Bomber Command is an organisational military unit, generally subordinate to the air force of a country. The best known were in Britain and the United States
Bomber_Command
German heavy bomber during WW2
The Heinkel He 177 Greif (Griffin) was a long-range heavy bomber flown by the Luftwaffe during World War II. The introduction of the He 177 to combat operations
Heinkel_He_177_Greif
5 and 8, took off to attack Stuttgart. Lack of cloud cover left the bomber stream exposed to elements of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2, who intercepted and shot
Bombing of Stuttgart in World War II
Bombing_of_Stuttgart_in_World_War_II
German officer and fighter pilot during World War II
hour later. Sayn-Wittgenstein was in the bomber stream, where Mosquito fighters did not venture because the bombers would fire on any twin-engined aircraft
Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Heinrich_Prinz_zu_Sayn-Wittgenstein
Sweat & Tears" 21 November 1965 (1965-11-21) 4 "The Big Dishes / The Living Stream" 5 December 1965 (1965-12-05) 5 "Boys on Bubbles / Problems and Puzzles"
List of Horizon (British TV series) episodes
List_of_Horizon_(British_TV_series)_episodes
Military unit
lead bomber of the 445th Bombardment Group miscalculated and the 35 planes of the 701st and the other squadrons of the group left the bomber stream of the
701st_Airlift_Squadron
Heavy/destroyer Fighter Aircraft-wing of World War II
the Fifteenth sent 677 bombers to attack six oil refineries. II./ZG 1 and JG 300 were ordered to intercept the bomber stream heading to Moosbierbaum
Zerstörergeschwader_1
First day of German military operations to destroy the British air force
Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27), JG 53 and JG 3, which all flew ahead of the bomber stream to clear the airspace of enemy fighters. StG 77's target was obscured
Adlertag
Indian web series
released by ZEE5 on 22 June 2019 as a part of its on-demand content streaming service. Bombers is directed by Vishal Furia and written by Vishal Kapoor. The
Bombers_(web_series)
Luftwaffe usage of radio equipment during World War II
radio-navigation system. Primary intended to guide fighters into the bomber streams rather than against individual aircraft. The ground station (FuSAn 724/725)
Luftwaffe radio equipment of World War II
Luftwaffe_radio_equipment_of_World_War_II
Station used to increase radar detection range
against Cologne, Bomber Command introduced the use of the bomber stream. The concentration of bombers through a few of the boxes resulted in the defenses being
Radar_picket
Messerschmitt
of its final successful engagements. A force of 62 attacked a mixed bomber stream of B-17 and B-24s with R4M rockets, destroying five B-17s and three
Messerschmitt Bf 110 operational history
Messerschmitt_Bf_110_operational_history
Military unit
September 1944. In cloud, the navigator of the lead bomber miscalculated and the 35 planes left the bomber stream of the 2d Air Division and proceeded to Göttingen
445th_Operations_Group
1944 series of aerial bombings of German industry by the U.S. during WWII
United States Army Air Forces and RAF Bomber Command from 20 to 25 February 1944, as part of the Combined Bomber Offensive against Nazi Germany. The objective
Big_Week
WW2 German Luftwaffe formation
return route of the bomber stream. Every day and night fighter made contact and, aided by perfect weather, shot down 28 bombers and damaged two so badly
1st_Fighter_Corps_(Germany)
First airborne, ground scanning radar system WWII
ground scanning radar system. It was developed for the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command during World War II to identify targets on the ground for night
H2S_(radar)
Military unit
lead bomber of the 445th Bombardment Group turned east and the 35 planes of the 700th and the other squadrons of the group left the bomber stream of the
700th_Airlift_Squadron
German general and fighter pilot during World War II
German fighters. Zemke's flight had strayed too far in front of the bomber stream, and the fighters of JG 11 spotted an opening. The Zemke tactic left
Günther_Rall
20th-century German fighter pilot
took the bomber stream over Stuttgart. Bomber Command lost 26 Lancaster and seven Halifax bombers (4.5 per cent). Zorner claimed five bombers shot down
Paul_Zorner
British multi-role combat aircraft of WW2
at high level in support of the Bomber Command "heavies", to counter the enemy tactic of merging into the bomber stream, which, towards the end of 1943
De_Havilland_Mosquito
Military unit
An estimated 200 enemy fighters attacked the bomber stream, heavily disordering its formation. The bombers were able to reform and achieved a high degree
550th Strategic Missile Squadron
550th_Strategic_Missile_Squadron
Airborne warfare in World War II
first use of the bomber stream and the first British large scale operation, as part of Operation Millennium the first "Thousand Bomber" raid is sent against
List of air operations during the Battle of Europe
List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe
Military unit
173 Bf 109s from JG 27, JG 53 and JG 3, which all flew ahead of the bomber stream to clear the airspace of enemy fighters. StG 77's target was obscured
Zerstörergeschwader_2
Part of the Malayan Emergency in 1954
Malayan Scouts. The insertion was conducted in close formation with the bomber stream to maintain surprise and cohesion. Paratroopers, deployed in strength
Operation_Termite
Military unit
Kampfgeschwader 1 (KG 1) (Battle Wing 1) was a German medium bomber wing that operated in the Luftwaffe during World War II. KG 1 was created in 1939 as
Kampfgeschwader_1
Military unit
An estimated 200 enemy fighters attacked the bomber stream, heavily disordering its formation. The bombers were able to reform and achieved a high degree
551st Strategic Missile Squadron
551st_Strategic_Missile_Squadron
the RAF night fighter to fly slowly off the bomber stream, mimicking the characteristics of a heavy bomber, until the rearward-facing Serrate (Monica)
Serrate_radar_detector
less effective at thinning the late-war bomber streams. Adding fighters to the daylight raids gave the bombers much-needed protection and greatly improved
History_of_aerial_warfare
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