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of breach of confidence is, in United Kingdom law and United States law, a common-law tort that protects private information conveyed in confidence.
Breach_of_confidence
Equitable doctrine in English law
Breach of confidence in English law is an equitable doctrine that allows a person to claim a remedy when their confidence has been breached. A duty of
Breach of confidence in English law
Breach_of_confidence_in_English_law
Non-disclosure of information
if, apart from contract, a case of breach of confidence is to succeed. First, the information itself, in the words of Lord Greene, M.R. in the Saltman
Confidentiality
Supreme Court of Canada case
return of the property. The trial judge held that there was no binding contract, but Lac was still liable for breach of confidence and breach of fiduciary
Lac Minerals Ltd v International Corona Resources Ltd
Lac_Minerals_Ltd_v_International_Corona_Resources_Ltd
Area of law
courts, which have been content to develop the equitable doctrine of Breach of Confidence to protect privacy, following the example set by the UK. In 2008
Privacy_law
Civil wrong due to a deliberate act
This category of tort includes defamation (i.e. libel, slander, and false light), intrusion on seclusion, breach of confidence, and abuse of process as well
Intentional_tort
2004 House of Lords decision on privacy in English law
engaged Richard Spearman QC and instigated a claim for breach of confidence by engaging Article 8 of the Human Rights Act, which would require the court
Campbell_v_MGN_Ltd
publication of unauthorized photographs. The Douglases and OK! Magazine claimed for breach of confidence, invasion of privacy, breach of the Data Protection
Douglas_v_Hello!_Ltd
who has committed a wrong, either a tort, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty or breach of confidence. United Australia Ltd v Barclays Bank Ltd
Restitution_in_English_law
Legal claim of civil wrong
A tort is a civil wrong, other than breach of contract, that causes a claimant to suffer loss or harm, resulting in legal liability for the person who
Tort
Common law tort relating to promise to marry
Breach of promise is a common-law tort, abolished in many jurisdictions. It was also called breach of contract to marry, and the remedy awarded was known
Breach_of_promise
Protection of personal or private information
doctrine of breach of confidence and a "piecemeal" collection of related legislation on topics like harassment and data protection. The introduction of the
Privacy_in_English_law
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up breach in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Breach, Breached, or The Breach may refer to: Breach, Kent, United Kingdom Breach, West Sussex, United
Breach
Business information kept secret to gain or maintain a competitive advantage
honest commercial practices,” including actions such as breach of contract, breach of confidence, and unfair competition. For the information to qualify
Trade_secret
relating to breach of confidence, it has been reinforced by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, supplemented by s. 6 of the Human Rights
Misuse_of_private_information
Communication causing harm to reputation
insult (iniuria in the narrow sense), adultery, loss of consortium, alienation of affection, breach of promise (but only in a humiliating or degrading manner)
Defamation
English copyright case by Scientology
book amounted to an actionable breach of confidence. The lower court granted the injunction to prevent publication of the book, finding that there was
Hubbard_v_Vosper
Branch of English law
one person breaches a duty of care owed to another. The main elements of negligence are: A duty of care (see Donoghue v Stevenson) Breach of that duty
English_tort_law
Overview of and topical guide to tort law
perceptions of the claimant. Invasion of privacy – The unlawful intrusion into the personal life of another person without just cause. Breach of confidence – Protects
Outline_of_tort_law
Voluntary agreement to another's proposal
when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. It is a term of common speech, with specific definitions used in such fields
Consent
Intentional deception to gain unlawfully
cases of a fraudulently induced contract, fraud may serve as a legal defence in a civil action for breach of contract or specific performance of a contract
Fraud
When a lawyer's actions harm a client
breach of fiduciary duty, or breach of contract by a lawyer during the provision of legal services that causes harm to a client. A common example of legal
Legal_malpractice
Area of law concerning negligence by professionals
In the law of torts, malpractice, also known as professional negligence, is an "instance of negligence or incompetence on the part of a professional".
Malpractice
Sending sexually explicit text messages
knowingly breach the confidence of those sending sexual messages, in practice, nude images can be widely propagated without the consent of the originator
Sexting
English crime writer
O'Mahoney for "breach of confidence", as O'Mahoney had posed as a woman when writing to Armstrong, who had urged him not to tell anyone of his admission
Bernard_O'Mahoney
Canadian record producer
lawsuit against Whibley, claiming libel and "breach of confidence, intrusion upon seclusion, wrongful disclosure of private facts, and placing the plaintiff
Greig_Nori
Failure to exercise reasonable care
exercise reasonable care, breach: the defendant breaches that duty through an act or culpable omission, damages: as a result of that act or omission, the
Negligence
Topics referred to by the same term
Division Criminal breach of trust in Singapore Breach of Trust (band), a Canadian rock band Breach of promise Breach of confidence Breach of contract This
Breach_of_trust
Seclusion from unwanted attention
in confidence is shared or threatened to be shared in a way that harms the subject of the information. There are various examples of this. Breach of confidentiality
Privacy
Tort law concept
Unintentional defamation occurs where a work of fiction contains a character that coincidentally shares a name or other recognizable characteristics with
Unintentional_defamation
Law recognized in the United States
reasonable period of time, so long as the shopkeeper has cause to believe that the person detained in fact committed, or attempted to commit, theft of store property
Shopkeeper's_privilege
Legal term whereby a third-party is blamed for the breakdown of a personal relationship
Alienation of affections (sometimes called homewrecker law) is a common law tort in some jurisdictions, wherein a civil lawsuit action is brought by a
Alienation_of_affections
indirect causes of action, such as breach of confidence, defamation, trespass, nuisance, or intentional infliction of harm, none of which are designed
Privacy_in_Australian_law
Lack of slight diligence or care
prosecutor prove the existence of a duty of care, breach of that duty by the defendant resulting in death, and a risk of death that would be obvious to
Gross_negligence
British banker, scientist, intelligence officer and government advisor (1910–1990)
prosecuted for a chain of events he had "set in train, with Peter Wright and Harry Chapman Pincher" which had led to a "breach of confidence in relation to information
Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild
Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild
Individuals' control of their identity for commercial uses
Internet of images of a person without their consent may be a serious breach of the Data Protection Act which would be punishable by a minimum fine of 60,000
Personality_rights
2024 film by Rebel Wilson
22 July 2026, Federal Court of Australia Justice Elisabeth Raper cleared Wilson of both defamation and breach of confidence, dismissed the case, and decreed
The_Deb_(film)
Non-consensual distribution of sexually explicit material
previously established by the case of Giller v Procopets, which was argued on the equity of breach of confidence and tort grounds. Under the Criminal
Revenge_porn
2013 high-profile double murder case in Singapore
court also upheld nominal damages for copyright breach but denied any compensation for breach of confidence. On 5 July 2021, the same day Iskandar lost his
Kovan_double_murders
of its equitable jurisdiction, would restrain a breach of confidence independently of any right at law. This extension of the doctrine of confidence beyond
Attorney General v Jonathan Cape Ltd
Attorney_General_v_Jonathan_Cape_Ltd
Legal defense
combined negligence of all other relevant actors all contributed to cause the plaintiff's damages. It is a modification of the doctrine of contributory negligence
Comparative_negligence
Legal term for compensation awarded for loss or injury
form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty
Damages
English legal case on privacy
breach of confidence and a misuse of McKennitt's private information. The decision "created new precedents for privacy law in the U.K." The Court of Appeal
McKennitt_v_Ash
Concept in tort law and criminal law
that arises in a number of cases, describing a circumstance in which a party can be held liable for failing to come to the rescue of another party who could
Duty_to_rescue
Extended liability to parties that had to control violators
repossessor must not cause a breach of the peace or the lienholder will be held responsible. This requirement not to breach the peace is held upon the lienholder
Vicarious_liability
Malaysian drug trafficker (1985–2025)
damages for copyright breach but denied any compensation for breach of confidence. On 3 August 2022, Datchinamurthy was also one of the 24 prisoners (which
Datchinamurthy_Kataiah
Law that constitutes the body politic of the United Kingdom
confidentiality and security of data. Finally, claimants may sue any private party on the grounds of breach of confidence, an old equitable action, although
United Kingdom constitutional law
United_Kingdom_constitutional_law
Sabotaging someone else's business relationship with a third party
aware of an existing contract and deliberately induces a breach by one of the contract holders, it is termed "tortious inducement of breach of contract"
Tortious_interference
Any formal notice or writ by a court obtaining jurisdiction over a person or property
advantage. The elements of a valid cause of action for abuse of process in most common law jurisdictions are as follows: (1) the existence of an ulterior purpose
Legal_process
Imaging or videoing an unaware subject
costs, but this was based on 'breach of confidence' and not the privacy infringent claim. Mediawise archive of media 'codes of conduct' from around the world
Secret_photography
Type of tort
law, false light is a tort concerning privacy that is similar to the tort of defamation. The privacy laws in the U.S. include a non-public person's right
False_light
protection of its trade secrets before a court of justice: breach of contract (expressed or implied provision), breach of confidence, breach of fiduciary
Trade_secrets_in_Canada
Clam and tomato beverage
former contract manufacturer of Clamato, claiming that their brand "Caesar Cocktail" was proof of breach of confidence, claiming that the product used
Clamato
English media personality and model (born 1978)
Alex Reid for breach of confidence, misuse of private information and breach of contract, after Reid claimed Price had exposed nude photos of him to a live
Katie_Price
Legal term - Latin for "the thing speaks for itself"
of negligence: the existence of a duty of care, breach of appropriate standard of care, causation, and injury. In res ipsa loquitur, the existence of
Res_ipsa_loquitur
2007 film by Billy Ray
Breach is a 2007 American spy thriller film directed by Billy Ray, who wrote the screenplay with Adam Mazer and William Rotko. The film is based on the
Breach_(2007_film)
British TV drama series (1976–1977)
Leventon, author of The Real Rock Follies: The Great Girl Band Rip-Off of 1976. The claimants received substantial damages for breach of confidence. 1. "The Show
Rock_Follies
Tort in common law
Intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED; sometimes called the tort of outrage) is a common law tort that allows individuals to recover for
Intentional infliction of emotional distress
Intentional_infliction_of_emotional_distress
Damages assessed in order to punish the defendant for outrageous conduct
majority of the New Zealand Court of Appeal held that in addition to compensation, punitive damages could be awarded for breach of confidence, albeit that
Punitive_damages
Landmark English trusts law case
acquired by a breach of confidence. He said unequivocally that knowledge learnt by a trustee in the course of his duties is not property of the trust and
Boardman_v_Phipps
Malaysian drug trafficker (1987–2025)
court also upheld nominal damages for copyright breach but denied any compensation for breach of confidence. Pannir's sister Angelia Pranthaman told a Malaysian
Pannir_Selvam_Pranthaman
Type of accidental injury or death
premises liability claim, a type of personal injury claim or case based on a person slipping (or tripping) on the premises of another and, as a result, suffering
Slip_and_fall
Legal concept
claim in addition to a standard breach of contract claim. The contract-tort distinction is significant because as a matter of public policy, punitive or exemplary
Insurance_bad_faith
Legal term
Loss of consortium is a term used in the law of torts that refers to the deprivation of the benefits of a family relationship due to injuries caused by
Loss_of_consortium
British businessmen; twin brothers (born 1934)
and two brothers face legal action for misuse of private information, breach of confidence and breach of data protection laws. CCTV footage released by
David_and_Frederick_Barclay
Australian lawyer (born 1951)
for his thesis dealing with breach of confidence. Before joining WIPO, Gurry was a senior lecturer in law at the University of Melbourne and, for one year
Francis_Gurry
Limitations in lawsuits
inconvenience, emotional distress, loss of society and companionship, loss of consortium, and loss of enjoyment of life. This is opposed to economic damages
Non-economic_damages_caps
Brand of barbecue sauce
Judge Mark Pelling QC dismissed Bailey's claims for breach of contract and breach of confidence. He told the court: "This was a dishonest claim, dishonestly
Reggae_Reggae_Sauce
Defense that victim contributed to their own fault
to harsh results, many common law jurisdictions have abolished it in favor of a "comparative fault" or "comparative negligence" approach. A comparative
Contributory_negligence
US legal requirement for defamation
reckless disregard of whether it was false or not. Although defined within the context of a media defendant, the rule requiring proof of actual malice applies
Actual_malice
Election of Emmanuel Macron
charges of "concealment of breach of confidence" in a separate case; like Le Pen, who described the investigations into the FN's fictitious employment of parliamentary
2017 French presidential election
2017_French_presidential_election
Foundation of the English Football Premier League
consider new offers. The court however found an arguable case for a breach of confidence. Soon afterwards, ITV issued a writ seeking damages against the FA
Foundation of the Premier League
Foundation_of_the_Premier_League
Defence in the law of torts which reduces a plaintiff's rights to recovery for negligence
risk imposed by the defendant's breach of duty—the doctrine is merged into the comparative fault scheme, and the trier of fact, in apportioning the loss
Assumption_of_risk
Prosecution without probable cause to punish an individual
Malicious prosecution is a common law intentional tort. Like the tort of abuse of process, its elements include (1) intentionally (and maliciously) instituting
Malicious_prosecution
Cyberattack stealing 20 million federal personnel records
The Office of Personnel Management data breach was a 2015 data breach targeting Standard Form 86 (SF-86) U.S. government security clearance records retained
2015 Office of Personnel Management data breach
2015_Office_of_Personnel_Management_data_breach
Legal rationale involving risks, losses and obligations
for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (constituting negligence). The original description of the calculus was in United States v
Hand_formula
American actress
to a psychiatric ward. A shocked Lederer warned Brooks about this breach of confidence, "Everything you told Avis she will tell Marie Glendinning, who lives
Pepi_Lederer
Litigating for little to no meritful reason
Frivolous litigation is the use of legal processes with apparent disregard for the merit of one's own arguments. It includes presenting an argument with
Frivolous_litigation
2011 decision in the European Court of Human Rights
Max Mosley, the former president of the FIA, after his successful breach of confidence legal case against the News of the World (known as Mosley v News
Mosley_v_United_Kingdom
Canadian musician (born 1957)
indeed been a breach of confidence and a misuse of McKennitt's private information, and the case set important precedents in the law of England and Wales
Loreena_McKennitt
Legal reforms aimed at reducing tort litigation
Tort reform consists of changes in the civil justice system in common law countries that aim to reduce the ability of plaintiffs to bring tort litigation
Tort_reform
Common law doctrine
for damages because a plaintiff voluntarily and knowingly assumed the risk of some activity. It restricts one's ability to bring a claim against another
Volenti_non_fit_injuria
Area of law in which product manufacturers are held responsible for damages caused
no-liability regime for products (except for cases of fraud or breach of express warranty) by developing the doctrine of caveat emptor (buyer beware) in the early
Product_liability
2017 documents leak related to offshore investment
Moshiri, owner of Everton Football Club. After reporting began, Appleby sued The Guardian and the BBC on 18 December 2017 for breach of confidence as it sought
Paradise_Papers
Legal doctrine on pre-existing condition liability
Canadian tort law system, primarily in the field of Indigenous Peoples litigation in the context of residential schools. It holds that where a plaintiff
Crumbling_skull_rule
confidentiality and security of data. Finally, claimants may sue any private party on the grounds of breach of confidence, an old equitable action, although
Human rights in the United Kingdom
Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom
Legal principle
if a person had a skull as delicate as that of the shell of an egg, and a tortfeasor who was unaware of the condition injured that person's head, causing
Eggshell_skull
English barrister and judge (1926–2016)
The case in the House of Lords raised important questions relating to the law on breach of confidence, public policy and freedom of expression. Hunter v
Robert Goff, Baron Goff of Chieveley
Robert_Goff,_Baron_Goff_of_Chieveley
Doctrine that people are responsible for their agents' actions
liability for) acts of his agents. For example, in the United States, there are circumstances when an employer is liable for acts of employees performed
Respondeat_superior
2011 video game
trade secret misappropriation, breach of confidence, unfair competition, and unjust enrichment under the laws of the state of New York.[citation needed] On
TERA_(video_game)
Croatian-American entrepreneur (born 1930)
liable for willful and malicious misappropriation of trade secrets, malicious breach of confidence, malicious false advertising, and malicious unfair
Anthony_Maglica
(QB) — Equitable breach of confidence is extended to protect Art. 8 rights. S and Marper v United Kingdom [2008] ECHR 1581 – Retention of DNA information
Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights
Article_8_of_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights
Tort of intentional, offensive contact
assault is the tort of acting intentionally, that is with either general or specific intent, causing the reasonable apprehension of an immediate harmful
Assault_(tort)
Legal tort of misusing court processes unjustified by legal actions being taken
An abuse of process is the unjustified or unreasonable use of legal proceedings or process to further a cause of action by an applicant or plaintiff in
Abuse_of_process
British politician
election of 1857, Richard Cobden told an anecdote referring to this event: I will tell you what happened with my knowledge -- it is no breach of confidence to
Lord_Dudley_Stuart
British political communications adviser
According to The Guardian, Richardson alleged misuse of private information, breach of confidence and breach of the editors' code, and asked for Sumner's name
Ed_Sumner
upon which the publication of private letters could be enjoined, naturally came upon the ideas of a breach of confidence, and of an implied contract". They
Privacy laws of the United States
Privacy_laws_of_the_United_States
Property tort
intentional tort consisting of "taking with the intent of exercising over the chattel an ownership inconsistent with the real owner's right of possession". In England
Conversion_(law)
U.S. legal test regarding privacy
reasonable expectation of privacy is a legal test which is crucial in defining the scope of the applicability of the privacy protections of the Fourth Amendment
Reasonable expectation of privacy
Reasonable_expectation_of_privacy
Common law tort causing inconvenience or damage
defendant is in breach of such an injunction. The law and economics movement has been involved in analyzing the most efficient choice of remedies given
Nuisance
travel, tourism, insurance
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BREACH OF-CONFIDENCE
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BREACH OF-CONFIDENCE
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BREACH OF-CONFIDENCE
BREACH OF-CONFIDENCE
BREACH OF-CONFIDENCE
travel, tourism, insurance