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Reduction of nestlings in a bird brood
Brood reduction occurs when the number of nestlings in a bird's brood is reduced, usually because there is a limited amount of resources available. It
Brood_reduction
Species of bird
formation of brood hierarchies (the experimentally synchronous broods established them, as well), it does aid in efficient brood reduction when food levels
Blue-footed_booby
Species of bird
generally hatches later, and shows higher mortality, demonstrating a brood reduction system that is unique from other avian groups. The Fiordland crested
Fiordland_penguin
Killing of young offspring by an adult animal of the same species
eusocial animals. Filial infanticide is also observed as a form of brood reduction in some birds species, such as the white stork. This may be due to
Infanticide_(zoology)
Subfamily of fishes
2007.01523.x. ISSN 1095-8649. Sagebakken (2012). Parental Care and Brood Reduction in a Pipefish. Goteborg. ISBN 978-91-628-8532-8. Berglund, Anders;
Pipefish
Killing of an infant individual by its siblings
Morandini, V.; Ferrer, M. (2 January 2015). "Sibling aggression and brood reduction: a review". Ethology Ecology & Evolution. 27 (1): 2–16. Bibcode:2015EtEcE
Siblicide
Type of eating behaviour
the Blue-footed Booby (Sula nebouxii): Social Roles in Infanticidal Brood Reduction". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 19 (5): 365–372. Bibcode:1986BEcoS
Regurgitation_(digestion)
Genus of North American cicadas
17-year broods have appeared in the same year. "2015 was the last time a 13-year brood emerged with a 17-year brood, when Brood XXIII emerged with Brood IV
Periodical_cicadas
Species of bird
Hoopoes show hatching asynchrony of eggs which is thought to allow for brood reduction when food availability is low. Hoopoes have well-developed anti-predator
Eurasian_hoopoe
Harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance
81–90. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v34i1.417. Horsfall, J.A. (1984). "Brood reduction and brood division in coots". Animal Behaviour. 32: 216–225. doi:10
Revenge
Study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures
hatching in birds. A behavioral ecology hypothesis is known as Lack's brood reduction hypothesis (named after David Lack).[citation needed] Lack's hypothesis
Behavioral_ecology
Consumption of one's own offspring
entirely consumed. Filial cannibalism can act in a way analogous to brood reduction in birds, in order to reduce competition between offspring for resources
Filial_cannibalism
in the phonology of consonant clusters. The H-cluster reductions are various consonant reductions that have occurred in the history of English, involving
Phonological history of English consonant clusters
Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters
Species of bird
erect-crested penguins, Eudyptes sclateri: Hormones, behavior, obligate brood reduction and conservation". PLoS One. 17 (10) e0275106. doi:10.1371/journal
Erect-crested_penguin
Evolutionary conflict arising from differences in optimal parental investment
obviously manifested in the reduction of brood size (i.e. a decrease in the proportion of ovules matured into seeds). Such reduction can be assumed to be caused
Parent–offspring_conflict
Species of bird
Western Palaeactic Region. author. p. 8. Zielinski, Piotr (2002). "Brood reduction and parental infanticide – are the White Stork Ciconia ciconia and
Black_stork
Species of bird
and asynchronous hatching are adaptive mechanisms that may lead to brood reduction. However, Snares penguins and other members of their genus, Eudyptes
Snares_penguin
In another population of cichlids (Aequidens coeruleopunctatus), brood reduction leading to earlier male mate desertion has also been observed, and
Mate_desertion
Bee swarming prevention method
nurse bees will prefer to stay with open brood, and that forager bees will move to frames with closed brood or with room for food. In the modern Demaree
Demaree_method
Type of socially subordinate ranking
the blue-footed boody (Sula nebouxii): Social roles in infanticial brood reduction". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 19 (5): 365–372. Bibcode:1986BEcoS
Dominance_hierarchy
Species of migratory aquatic bird
grisegena". Ornis Fennica. 59 (2–3): 84–9. Kloskowski, J. (April 2003). "Brood reduction in the Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena". Ibis. 145 (2): 233–243
Red-necked_grebe
Species of bird
males and females with the incubation period lasting 22 to 23 days. Brood reduction was common with the youngest nestling dying within two weeks. The breeding
Western_corella
Species of bird
ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 53195864. Mock, Douglas W. (1985). "Siblicidal Brood Reduction: The Prey-Size Hypothesis". The American Naturalist. 125 (3): 327–343
Blue-throated_bee-eater
Species of bird
194–197. Anderson, Atholl (1995). "The role of parents in sibilicidal brood reduction of two booby species" (PDF). The Auk. 112 (4): 860–869. doi:10.2307/4089018
Masked_booby
(microsporidia). This infestation led to a reduction in the number of bees and subsequently to reduced broods in the Bt-fed colonies, as well as in the
List of diseases of the honey bee
List_of_diseases_of_the_honey_bee
Species of bird
II. The Hague, Netherlands: Nijhof. p. 118. Zielinski, P. (2002). "Brood reduction and parental infanticide– are the White Stork Ciconia ciconia and the
White_stork
Genus of birds
not around, she will allow asynchronous hatching and even allow a brood reduction if she cannot take care of all the young. This allocation of resources
Sturnus
Genus of birds
fledge. A common phenomenon demonstrated in the kingfisher species is brood reduction, due to asynchronous hatching. This occurs when the first egg to be
Paradise_kingfisher
Species of bird
multi-brooded, the first detailed breeding studies conducted on Chiloé suggest each pair typically raises only a single clutch per year, and that reduction
Thorn-tailed_rayadito
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
raised by the host at the expense of the host's own brood. Brood parasites may be either obligate brood parasites, which must lay their eggs in the nests
Bird
Behavior observed in some species of birds
parental care unless there is a partial clutch reduction, or PCR. There are different methods that brood parasites use to trick the host into raising their
Egg_tossing_(behavior)
Species of true bug
has been observed in all of the three extant broods of 13-year cicadas: Brood XIX, Brood XXII, and Brood XXIII. "Periodical Cicada Page". University of
Magicicada_tredecim
Small honey bee colony
nucleus should be between 3–6 frames of bees, including a queen, workers, brood in all stages, and honey stores. The nuc box, also called a nuc, is a smaller
Nuc
Species of true bug
in all three of the extant 13-year broods: Brood XIX (emerging in 2011), Brood XXII (emerging in 2014), and Brood XXIII (emerging in 2015). M. neotredecim
Magicicada_neotredecim
Passerine species of bird native to the Chatham Islands
cross-fostering. The tomtits raised the first brood, and the black robins, having lost their eggs, relaid and raised another brood. Many females laid eggs on the rims
Black_robin
17-year periodic cicada
Brood XIII sub-brood, 2020 Male ventral Brood XIII sub-brood, 2020 Female dorsal Brood XIII, 2024 Female ventral Brood XIII, 2024 Mating pair Brood XIII
Magicicada_cassini
Parenting not done by the birth parents
between or within species. Cooperative breeding, joint brood care, reciprocal allonursing, brood parasitism and cuckoldry represent situations in which
Alloparenting
Species of butterfly
Behavioral ecologists have found its role as a brood parasite to be of particular interest as, unlike many brood parasites, it does not directly oviposit in
Phengaris_rebeli
Type of ant that exploits other ant species
and larvae back to the parasite's colony, where the brood will be raised as their own. The host brood that were transported are unable to differentiate
Parasitic_ant
Invasive ant species
of energy in nest construction and transporting brood, which is related with thermoregulation. The brood is transported to areas where temperatures are
Red_imported_fire_ant
Subspecies of honey bee
rhythm of brood production and then brood rearing reduction when available forage decreases Lower use of propolis Increased resistance to brood diseases
Carniolan_honey_bee
2026 Indian film by Nitin Kakkar
old-school sequel that recreates the atmosphere of 2000s Bollywood, with a brooding hero, tragic romance, crime, gunfights and, crucially, the music associated
Awarapan_2
Species of wasp
Before the emergence of workers, the queen is responsible for feeding the brood. To feed developing larvae, the queen captures prey by incapacitation, trims
Vespula_pensylvanica
Species of fish
functional until juveniles are released from the brood pouch. Compared to an adult seahorse, offspring within the brood pouch have a rounded tail instead of tetrahedral
Dwarf_seahorse
Central question in evolutionary biology of birds
pneumatized bones, gastroliths in the digestive system, nest-building, and brooding behaviors. Although the origin of birds has historically been a contentious
Origin_of_birds
1808 An Act for the more effectual Protection of Oyster Fisheries and the Brood of Oysters in England. (Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1873 (36 &
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1808
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1808
Species of bird
thick-billed cuckoo has caused probably the most dramatic reduction in nesting success by any brood parasitic bird, with one group of helmetshrikes unable
Thick-billed_cuckoo
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
settlement of new corals. Brooding species are most often ahermatypic (not reef-building) in areas of high current or wave action. Brooders release only sperm
Coral
Hindlimbs primarily used for the anchoring and locomotion of avians
and related Cradling and turning eggs during incubation. Birds lacking a brood patch incubate the eggs with their feet – grasping one or even two of them
Bird_feet_and_legs
Catholic theology, pleasure taken in a sinful thought or imagination, such as brooding on sexual images. As voluntary and complacent erotic fantasizing, without
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
Species of bird of prey
in trees in this species, and is a devoted parent to a relatively small brood of young. The common buzzard appears to be the most common diurnal raptor
Common_buzzard
Species of periodical cicada
appears periodically once in 16 or 17 years the next appearance of the brood (Brood X) that Kalm had observed in 1749. Bartram noted that upon hatching from
Magicicada_septendecim
2015 video game
stasis, much like the Stasis Field ability from the Arbiter of StarCraft: Brood War. The Warp Prism, the trademark Protoss air transport, now has the ability
StarCraft II: Legacy of the Void
StarCraft_II:_Legacy_of_the_Void
Species of freshwater bird
plants formed into a mound along the vegetated shores of lakes. A single brood is raised each year from a clutch of one or two olive-brown oval eggs with
Common_loon
Genus of flowering plants in the birthwort family
Africa, Madagascar, and the Arabian Peninsula. Hydnora pollinates through brood-site mimicry. This is a method of pollination in which the plant emits a
Hydnora
Set of phenotypical features likely to occur in geographically-isolated populations
adults invest more effort into current broods since they are less likely to survive to produce subsequent broods i.e. there is low interbrood conflict
Island_syndrome
Diverse clade of specialized reptiles
every one or two days, and then ensured simultaneous hatching by delaying brooding until all eggs were laid. When laying eggs, females grow a special type
Dinosaur
Species of butterfly
brood consists of adults with a spring hatching around April. The second brood is made up of adults that hatch around July. Sometimes, a third brood can
Pieris_brassicae
Roman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14
great-uncle Julius Caesar and is often sidelined as a minor character or brooding villain in theatrical plays, films, TV series, comics, and novels. Goldsworthy
Augustus
Species of bee
However, in the extreme south of Florida, H. ligatus is continuously brooded and multivoltine; having overlapping colony cycles with one complete cycle
Halictus_ligatus
Ongoing extinction event caused by human activity
many others) the extinction of the golden toad in Costa Rica, the gastric-brooding frog in Australia, Rabb's fringe-limbed treefrog and the extinction of
Holocene_extinction
Soft-bodied, aquatic invertebrates
jellies, the eggs lodge in pits on the oral arms, which form a temporary brood chamber for the developing planula larvae. The planula is a small larva
Jellyfish
Genus of crustaceans
the feeding mechanism can be observed, with immature young moving in the brood pouch; moreover, the eye being moved by the ciliary muscles can be seen
Daphnia
Species of bird
mammals, insects, snails, reptiles, and amphibians. Sandhill cranes raise one brood per year. In nonmigratory populations, laying begins between December and
Sandhill_crane
Bird of prey species of North America
eggs; many of their eggs were too brittle to withstand the weight of a brooding adult, making it nearly impossible for them to hatch. It is estimated that
Bald_eagle
Species of reptile
every other year and also records of a female attempting to produce two broods in a single wet season. The female selects the nesting site, and both parents
Saltwater_crocodile
Species of passerine birds
roost. A pair can raise up to three broods per year, frequently reusing and relining the same nest, although two broods is typical, or just one north of
Common_starling
Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath (384–322 BC)
(terrestrial placental mammals) that he studied. He correctly predicted that brood size decreases with body mass; that lifespan increases with gestation period
Aristotle
Kingdom), and evidence of preservation of fossil embryos indicative of gill brooding in Early Cretaceous unionoid bivalves. The first fossil bivalve pearl from
2026_in_paleomalacology
Species of bird
evidence suggests thay the sage thrasher can recognize and reject eggs of brood-parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Experiments have shown
Sage_thrasher
Species of bird
rates of 0.267 per hour for a brood of 2 and 0.564 per hour for a brood of 4. In New York and Wisconsin, the sex ratio of broods roughly even, but slightly
Cooper's_hawk
Family of large seabirds
body weight a day. After hatching, the chick, which is semi-altricial, is brooded and guarded for three weeks until it is large enough to defend and thermoregulate
Albatross
Feeding of infants/toddlers with breast milk
to ensure it receives enough colostrum. Breastfeeding triplets or larger broods is a challenge given babies' varying appetites. Breasts can respond to the
Breastfeeding
Subspecies of honey bee
propensity to lay multiple eggs in a single cell and the raised capping on their brood cells. In 1990 beekeepers transported Cape honey bees into northern South
Cape_honey_bee
Genus of ants (Camponotus sp.)
worker ants emerge. The worker ants eventually assist her in caring for the brood as she lays more eggs. After a few years, reproductive winged ants are born
Carpenter_ant
Species of cartilaginous fish
with its mother, the pup relies on buccal pumping to obtain oxygen. The brood size is usually one, but occasionally, two embryos develop simultaneously
Giant_oceanic_manta_ray
Argentine writer (1899–1986)
the presence of a priest. During his final days in Geneva, Borges began brooding about the possibility of an afterlife. Although calm and collected about
Jorge_Luis_Borges
Lombard dialects of Italy
can be seen in the following examples: /kwat/ = "how much" vs /kuˈat/ = "brooded" /pjat/ = "dish" vs /piˈat/ = "bitten" Locally, the alveolar fricative
Eastern_Lombard_dialects
Genus of ray-finned fish
angled head (angled toward the animal's underside), a fully enclosed male brood pouch, and a prehensile tail; initially, A. minotaur and A. paradoxus were
Australyichthys
Animal method of defense
modification of the body enables the queen to act as a living gate to the brood chamber. Phragmosis in ants has evolved independently in the diverse ant
Phragmosis
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022
2016. Killen, Mary (March 2015). "Boris Johnson's mother on her brilliant brood". Tatler. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January
Boris_Johnson
Female stock character who acts as a love interest
Insider: "The effortlessly eccentric Holly Golightly balances out the brooding writer Paul Varjack." Penélope Cruz's character in the movie Vanilla Sky
Manic_Pixie_Dream_Girl
Informal group of insects
and bury a dung ball either for food storage or for making a brooding ball. When brooding, two beetles, one male and one female, stay around the dung ball
Dung_beetle
1987 film by Paul Verhoeven
indulge in violent visuals. The Chicago Reader found the violence had a "brooding, agonized quality ... as if Verhoeven were both appalled and fascinated"
RoboCop
Class of ectothermic tetrapods
the larvae hatch, they make their way to adjacent bodies of water. Others brood their eggs and the larvae undergo metamorphosis before the eggs hatch. A
Amphibian
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in agriculture
bee brood, the collective name for the eggs, larvae, and/or pupae of a bee colony; or, more generally, the young offspring of any animal. brooding 1. An
Glossary_of_agriculture
American writer and activist (born 1978)
Walidah Imarisha and Sheree Renee Thomas to edit and release Octavia's Brood: Science Fiction Stories from Social Justice Movements, a collection of
Adrienne_maree_brown
Group of languages
Proto-Germanic are: All phonemic nasal vowels are either deleted or denasalized Reduction of overlong vowels to simple long vowels Lowering of /ɛː/ to /æː/, then
West_Germanic_languages
Species of bird
Clutch size varies from 1 to 4 eggs, and both parents incubate the eggs, brood the chicks, and care for the juveniles even after they fledge. Parental
Mariana_crow
Extant clade of dinosaurs
the linking features being the furcula (wishbone), pneumatized bones, brooding of the eggs, and (in coelurosaurs, at least) feathers. O. C. Marsh coined
Theropoda
Social insects related to cockroaches
labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance. Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose
Termite
Species of semi-aquatic mammal
Susceptibility of these species is greatest during the summer (when waterfowl broods are vulnerable) and autumn. The North American river otters have also been
North_American_river_otter
Animal housing system
Manure." The deep litter method was first used in 1946 by the Ohio Station Brooder House. Before the deep litter method, shavings were removed every one to
Deep_litter
American video game publisher and developer
"Blizzard Sues Korean Television Network Over Unauthorized StarCraft: Brood War Tournament". Shacknews. November 2010. Retrieved April 3, 2023. Ziebart
Blizzard_Entertainment
Class of extinct, Paleozoic arthropods
species a bulge in the pre-glabellar area is preserved that suggests a brood pouch. Highly complex compound eyes are another obvious feature of the cephalon
Trilobite
17th-century European spiritual movement
Confession, and said of it that "the Chymical Wedding, with its fertile brood of monsters, a ludibrium which surprisingly some esteem and explicate with
Rosicrucianism
Flowering plant species known as dandelion
been found to lack certain essential nutrients and can lead to declining brood health for bees. The leaves, flowers, and roots are sometimes used as food
Taraxacum_officinale
Vice President of the United States from 1845 to 1849
Philadelphia, owing to the passage of the Tariff Bill, pack up and bring the whole brood to Washington.") While Dallas' tariff vote destroyed him in Pennsylvania
George_M._Dallas
Species of bird found in Europe, Asia and Africa
a given site, and losses average 50% of first brood chicks and somewhat less than 40% of second brood chicks. The influence of weather on chick survival
Corn_crake
Extinct North American migratory pigeon
quickly and within 14 days weighed as much as its parents. During this brooding period both parents took care of the nestling, with the male attending
Passenger_pigeon
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