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Cultural sphere of the Byzantine Empire
term Byzantine commonwealth was coined by 20th-century historian Dimitri Obolensky to refer to the area where Byzantine general influence (Byzantine liturgical
Byzantine_commonwealth
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during
Byzantine_Empire
foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors
List_of_Byzantine_emperors
Art of the Byzantine Empire
contemporary states with the Byzantine Empire were culturally influenced by it without actually being part of it (the "Byzantine commonwealth"). These included Kievan
Byzantine_art
Rulers of the Byzantine Empire from 867 to 1056
Μακεδονική Δυναστεία) ruled the Byzantine Empire from 867 to 1056, following the Amorian dynasty. During this period, the Byzantine state reached its greatest
Macedonian_dynasty
For most of its history, the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire did not use heraldry in the Western European sense of permanent motifs transmitted through
Byzantine_flags_and_insignia
Eastern Christian liturgical rite
The Byzantine Rite, also known as the Rite of Constantinople, is a liturgical rite that is identified with the wide range of cultural, devotional, and
Byzantine_Rite
People of the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantines or East Romans (Ancient Greek: Ῥωμαῖοι, romanized: Rōmaîoi) were the Byzantine Empire's main inhabitants. They understood their identity
Byzantines
Period of Byzantine history from 867 to 1057
The Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty underwent a revival during the late 9th, 10th, and early 11th centuries. Under the Macedonian emperors
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Macedonian_dynasty
Foreign administration of the Byzantine Empire
2017-08-08. Retrieved 2014-07-30. Obolensky, Dimitri (1974) [1971]. The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500-1453. London: Cardinal. ISBN 9780351176449
Byzantine_diplomacy
4th–13th century political institution
The Byzantine senate or Eastern Roman senate (Greek: Σύγκλητος, Synklētos, or Γερουσία, Gerousia) was a continuation of the Roman Senate, established
Byzantine_senate
Periods in Byzantine history during which religious images were banned
The Byzantine Iconoclasm (Ancient Greek: Εἰκονομαχία, romanized: Eikonomachía, lit. 'image struggle', 'war on icons') refers to two periods in the history
Byzantine_Iconoclasm
the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453. There was initially no hard line between the Byzantine and Roman Empires, and early Byzantine architecture is
Byzantine_architecture
1453 Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital
Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, was captured by the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege
Fall_of_Constantinople
Government of the Byzantine Empire
on earth and of his kingdom as an imitation of God's holy realm. The Byzantine Empire was a multi-ethnic monarchic theocracy adopting, following, and
Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy
Byzantine_bureaucracy_and_aristocracy
Currency
Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the West, consisted of mainly two types of coins: gold solidi and hyperpyra
Byzantine_coinage
4th–7th century period
Byzantine Palestine or Palaestina refers to the geographic, political, and cultural landscape of Palestine during the period of Byzantine rule (early
Byzantine_Palestine
Orthodox calendar used c. 691–1728
The Byzantine calendar, also called the Roman calendar, the Creation Era of Constantinople or the Era of the World, was the calendar used by the Eastern
Byzantine_calendar
Period of Byzantine history from 1261 to 1453
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Palaiologos dynasty in the period between 1261 and 1453, from the restoration of Byzantine rule to Constantinople
Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty
Clothing and fashion trends of the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine dress changed considerably over the thousand years of the Empire, but was essentially conservative. The Byzantines liked colour and pattern,
Byzantine_dress
Period of Byzantine history from 518 to 602
The Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty began in 518 AD with the accession of Justin I. Under the Justinian dynasty, particularly the reign of
Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Justinian_dynasty
Byzantine incendiary weapon
Greek fire was an incendiary weapon used by the Byzantine Empire from the seventh to the fourteenth centuries. The recipe for Greek fire was a closely-guarded
Greek_fire
Period of Byzantine history from 802 to 813
Nikephorian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire began following the deposition of the Empress Irene of Athens. The throne of the Byzantine Empire passed to a relatively
Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Nikephorian_dynasty
Military and administrative division of the Byzantine Empire
θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath
Theme_(Byzantine_district)
Parts of Italy held by the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Italy consisted of various parts of the Italian Peninsula that were under the control of the Byzantine Empire after the Gothic War (535–554)
Byzantine_Italy
The Byzantine economy was among the most robust economies in the Mediterranean and the world for many centuries. Constantinople was a prime hub in a trading
Byzantine_economy
Silk woven in or distributed via the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine silk is silk woven in the Byzantine Empire (Byzantium) from about the fourth century until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. The Byzantine
Byzantine_silk
Historical regional cuisine
Byzantine cuisine was the continuation of local ancient Greek cuisine, ancient Roman cuisine, and Mediterranean cuisine. Byzantine trading with foreigners
Byzantine_cuisine
Invasion of the First Bulgarian Empire (968–1018)
between the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire led to the gradual reconquest of Bulgaria by the Byzantines, who thus re-established their control
Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
Byzantine_conquest_of_Bulgaria
Land branch of the armed forces of the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine navy. A direct continuation of the Eastern
Byzantine_army
Period of Byzantine history from 820 to 867
The Amorian dynasty (or Phrygian dynasty) ruled the Byzantine Empire from 820 to 867. The Amorian dynasty continued the policy of restored iconoclasm
Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Amorian_dynasty
Capital of the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople, the modern Istanbul, was the capital of the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire from 330 until its takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1453. After
Constantinople
Byzantine rump state (1204–1261)
largest of the three Greek rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled when Constantinople was occupied by Western European
Empire_of_Nicaea
Period of Byzantine history from 717 to 802
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Isaurian dynasty (or Syrian dynasty) from 717 to 802. The Isaurian emperors were successful in defending and consolidating
Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Isaurian_dynasty
Overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire
Lutheranism Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Collection of Chania Byzantine commonwealth Byzantine fault tolerance Byzantine heraldry
Outline of the Byzantine Empire
Outline_of_the_Byzantine_Empire
emperors Byzantine Empire portal Family tree of Roman emperors List of Roman emperors List of Byzantine emperors History of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire
Family tree of Byzantine emperors
Family_tree_of_Byzantine_emperors
Economic policy emphasizing exports
Alex M. (2024), Orthodox Mercantilism: Political Economy in the Byzantine Commonwealth, Routledge, 188-197, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003341314 Spiegel
Mercantilism
Byzantine literature is the Greek literature of the Middle Ages, whether written in the Byzantine Empire or outside its borders. In its early period,
Byzantine_literature
Latin Christian armed expedition (1202–1204)
conquest of Egypt as originally planned. This led to the partition of the Byzantine Empire by the Crusaders and their Venetian allies, leading to a period
Fourth_Crusade
Sequence of historical events
The Byzantine Empire experienced cycles of growth and decay over the course of nearly a thousand years. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire to
Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Decline_of_the_Byzantine_Empire
Medieval stage of the Greek language
Medieval Greek (also known as Middle Greek, Byzantine Greek, or Romaic; Greek: Ῥωμαϊκή) is the stage of the Greek language between the end of classical
Medieval_Greek
Criminal punishment used against rivals
Mutilation was a common method of punishment for criminals in the Byzantine Empire, but it also had a role in the empire's political life. By blinding
Political mutilation in Byzantine culture
Political_mutilation_in_Byzantine_culture
Byzantine law was essentially a continuation of Roman law with increased Orthodox Christian and Hellenistic influence. Most sources define Byzantine law
Byzantine_law
Political system and culture
Byzantinism, or Byzantism, is the political system and culture of the Byzantine Empire, and its spiritual successors the Orthodox Christian Balkan countries
Byzantinism
Byzantine cultural movement during the Macedonian dynasty
Μακεδονική Αναγέννηση) is a historiographical term used for the blossoming of Byzantine culture in the 9th–11th centuries, under the eponymous Macedonian dynasty
Macedonian_Renaissance
Period of Byzantine history from 1185 to 1204
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Angelos dynasty between 1185 and 1204 AD. The Angeloi rose to the throne following the deposition of
Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Angelos_dynasty
Mosque and former church in Istanbul, Turkey
first to employ a fully pendentive dome. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have "changed the history of architecture"
Hagia_Sophia
Autocephalous church of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Glazier, Inc. p. 318. ISBN 0894536168. Obolensky, Dimitri (1971). The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 383–385. Schaff
Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople
The population of the Byzantine Empire encompassed all ethnic and tribal groups living there, mainly Byzantine Greeks, but also Albanians, Armenians, Assyrians
Population of the Byzantine Empire
Population_of_the_Byzantine_Empire
Roman or Byzantine Empire (330–1453). The definition of organized civil unrest is any conflict that was fought within the borders of the Byzantine Empire
List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars
List_of_Byzantine_revolts_and_civil_wars
Autocephalous jurisdiction of the Eastern Orthodox Church
2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018. Obolensky, Dimitri (1971). The Byzantine Commonwealth. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 125–129. Runciman, Steven (1930). A
Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church
the history of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire (395–1453). For internal conflicts see the list of Byzantine revolts and civil wars. For conflicts
List_of_Byzantine_wars
Naval force of the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine navy was the naval force of the Byzantine Empire. Like the state it served, it was a direct continuation from its Roman predecessor, but
Byzantine_navy
Russian-British historian
[1971]. The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500-1453. London: Cardinal. ISBN 9780351176449. Obolensky, Dimitri (1982). The Byzantine Inheritance
Dimitri_Obolensky
Period of Byzantine history from 1081 to 1185
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Komnenos dynasty for a period of 104 years, from 1081 to about 1185. The Komnenian (also spelled Comnenian)
Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty
The Byzantine Empire's history is generally periodised from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. From the 3rd to 6th centuries
History of the Byzantine Empire
History_of_the_Byzantine_Empire
Era of the Byzantine Empire in the 7th and 8th centuries
Byzantine Dark Ages is a historiographical term for the period in the history of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, from around c. 630 to the 760s
Byzantine_Dark_Ages
The subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire were administrative units of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire (330–1453). The Empire had a developed administrative
Subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire
Subdivisions_of_the_Byzantine_Empire
Medieval East Slavic principality in the Carpathian region
Obolensky, The Byzantine Commonwealth, pp. 299–300. D. Obolensky, The Byzantine Commonwealth, pp. 300–302. M. Angold, The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204
Principality_of_Galicia
Period of Byzantine history from 610 to 711
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Heraclian dynasty from 610 to 711 AD. The Heraclian period encompassed the Byzantine–Sasanian War of
Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty
Common medical practices of the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine medicine encompasses the common medical practices of the Byzantine Empire from c. 400 AD to 1453 AD. Byzantine medicine was notable for building
Byzantine_medicine
were numerous and had significant roles throughout the history of the Byzantine Empire. After the decline of the Greek-speaking Hellenistic Judaism in
History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire
Army of the Byzantine Empire, 1081–1204
The Byzantine army of the Komnenian era or Komnenian army was a force established by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos during the late 11th/early 12th
Byzantine army (Komnenian era)
Byzantine_army_(Komnenian_era)
Eastern Roman administrative division (584–751)
the capital Ravenna, but the term is mainly used to designate all the Byzantine territories in continental and peninsular Italy. According to the legal
Exarchate_of_Ravenna
Studies about the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, demography, dress, religion/theology, art, literature/epigraphy
Byzantine_studies
Gardens popular during the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople (present day Istanbul) in 330 AD and became the capital of the Byzantine Empire and survived for a thousand years after the fall of the Western
Byzantine_gardens
529 codification of Roman law by Justinian I of Byzantium
Blume's, was published by the Cambridge University Press in October 2016. Byzantine law Roman law Code of Hammurabi Corpus Juris Canonici International Roman
Code_of_Justinian
Period of Byzantine history from 1059 to 1081
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Doukas dynasty between 1059 and 1081. There are six emperors and co-emperors of this period: the dynasty's
Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Doukas_dynasty
This is a list of Byzantine inventions. The Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire represented the continuation of the Roman Empire after a part of it collapsed
List_of_Byzantine_inventions
Eastern Roman Empire from 379 to 457
Emperors Orange denotes Caesars Yellow denotes Nobelissimoi Family tree of Byzantine emperors Curran 1997, pp. 101–103. Cf. decree, infra. "Edict of Thessalonica":
Byzantine Empire under the Theodosian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Theodosian_dynasty
Byzantine noble family
feminine form Phokaina or Phocaena (Φώκαινα, Phṓkaina), was the name of a Byzantine aristocratic clan from Cappadocia, which in the 9th and 10th centuries
Phokas_(Byzantine_family)
Historical period (6th-8th c.)
Byzantine rule in North Africa spanned around 175 years. It began in the years 533/534 with the reconquest of territory formerly belonging to the Western
Byzantine_North_Africa
Elite unit of the Byzantine Army
was an elite unit of the Byzantine army from the 10th to the 14th century who served as personal bodyguards to the Byzantine emperors. The Varangian Guard
Varangian_Guard
Claims to Byzantine legacy and inheritance
Since its fall, the issue of succession to the Byzantine Empire has been a major point of contention both geopolitically, with different states laying
Succession to the Byzantine Empire
Succession_to_the_Byzantine_Empire
Scientific scholarship during the Byzantine Empire played an important role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world and to Renaissance
Byzantine_science
Historical period of Greece
Byzantine Greece has a history that mainly coincides with that of the Byzantine Empire itself. After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Greece continued
Byzantine_Greece
Elite military units of the Byzantine Empire
Ἀθάνατοι, Athanatoi) were one of the elite tagmata military units of the Byzantine Empire, first raised during the late 10th century. The name derives from
Immortals_(Byzantine_Empire)
Title granted to Byzantine (and later other) princes
'purple-born'), Latinized as Porphyrogenitus, was an honorific title in the Byzantine Empire given to a son, or daughter (Πορφυρογέννητη, Porphyrogénnētē, Latinized
Born_in_the_purple
Crusader state that replaced the Byzantine Empire from 1204–1261
from the Byzantine Empire. It existed from 1204 CE until its disestablishment in 1261 CE. The Latin Empire was intended to replace the Byzantine Empire
Latin_Empire
Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685
Πωγωνᾶτος, romanized: ō Pōgōnãtos) out of confusion with his father, was Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685. His reign saw the first serious check to nearly
Constantine_IV
Museum in Thessaloniki, Greece
The Museum of Byzantine Culture (Greek: Μουσείο Βυζαντινού Πολιτισμού) is a museum in Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece, which opened in 1994. To
Museum_of_Byzantine_Culture
Byzantine rump state (1204–1479)
Greek: Δεσποτᾶτον τῆς Ἠπείρου) was one of the Greek rump states of the Byzantine Empire established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 by a
Despotate_of_Epirus
Philosophy of the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine philosophy refers to the distinctive philosophical ideas of the philosophers and scholars of the Byzantine Empire, especially between the 8th
Byzantine_philosophy
of Emperor Julius Nepos. The eastern empire, often referred to as the 'Byzantine Empire' by modern historians, endured for almost another millennium until
List of Roman and Byzantine empresses
List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses
Period of Maltese history from 535 CE to 870 CE
(Ancient Greek: Μελέτης, Melétēs) was ruled by the Byzantine Empire, from the time of the Byzantine conquest of Sicily in 535–6 to 869–870, when the islands
Byzantine_Malta
the Justinian dynasty. Family tree of Byzantine emperors Treadgold (1997), 152–155 Cameron (2000), 553 "Byzantine Empire". Encyclopædia Britannica. Elton
Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Leonid_dynasty
Presence of Eastern Orthodoxy Christianity in Europe
The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500-1453. London: Cardinal. ISBN 9780351176449. Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State
Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Europe
The following is a list of battles fought by the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, from the 6th century AD until its dissolution in the mid-15th century
List_of_Byzantine_battles
Byzantine music (Greek: Βυζαντινή μουσική, romanized: Vyzantini mousiki) originally consisted of the songs and hymns composed for the courtly and religious
Byzantine_music
High Mediaeval cultural confluence in north Africa, southern Italy, and Sicily
Adaptation of Byzantine Architectural Types in the "Byzantine Commonwealth" – Norman Italy". In Schwartz, Ellen C. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Art and
Norman–Arab–Byzantine_culture
Military strategy
The Byzantine army evolved from that of the late Roman period taking as leading models and shaping itself on the late Hellenistic armies, but it became
Byzantine_battle_tactics
Countries where Christianity prevails
Christianity, whose community was called Eastern Christendom or Byzantine commonwealth). After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Latin Christendom rose
Christendom
Byzantine noble family
Latinized as Ducas, was a Byzantine Greek noble family, whose branches provided several notable generals and rulers to the Byzantine Empire in the 9th to 11th
Doukas
Byzantine Greek noble family
[komniˈni]), Latinized as Comnenus (pl. Comneni), was a Byzantine Greek noble family who ruled the Byzantine Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries. The first
Komnenos
Period of acute internal instability in the Byzantine Empire from 695 to 717
some modern scholars for the period of acute internal instability in the Byzantine Empire, marked by the rapid succession of several emperors to the throne
Twenty_Years'_Anarchy
Literary genre
Byzantine romance represents a revival of the ancient Greek romance of Roman times. Works in this category were written by Byzantine Greeks of the Eastern
Byzantine_romance
Topics referred to by the same term
(patrician) (6th-century–627), Byzantine statesman and general, active in the reign of Heraclius Bonus (Sirmium), a Byzantine general, active in the reign
Bonus
Byzantine military from the late 13th to 15th centuries
The Palaiologan army refers to the military forces of the Byzantine Empire under the rule of the Palaiologos dynasty, from the late 13th century to its
Byzantine army (Palaiologan era)
Byzantine_army_(Palaiologan_era)
The situation of women in the Byzantine Empire is a subject of scientific research that encompasses all available information about women, their environments
Women_in_the_Byzantine_Empire
attack by both Byzantine pretenders fighting for the throne and also by foreign powers for a total of 22 times. The city remained under Byzantine rule until
List of sieges of Constantinople
List_of_sieges_of_Constantinople
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