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Significant revision of a calendar system
Calendar reform or calendrical reform is any significant revision of a calendar system. The term sometimes is used instead for a proposal to switch to
Calendar_reform
Internationally accepted civil calendar
without exception. The Gregorian reform shortened the average (calendar) year by 0.0075 days to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the equinoxes
Gregorian_calendar
Solar calendar
January). The Julian calendar was proposed in 46 BC by (and takes its name from) Julius Caesar, as a reform of the earlier Roman calendar, which was largely
Julian_calendar
Solar calendar used in India
calendars and official communications issued by the Government of India. It was adopted in 1957 following the recommendation of the Calendar Reform Committee
Indian_national_calendar
13-month calendar where every date is fixed to a day of the week
Calendar (also known as the Cotsworth plan, the Cotsworth calendar, the Eastman plan or the Yearal) was a proposed reform of the Gregorian calendar designed
International_Fixed_Calendar
Proposed reform of Gregorian calendar
The World Calendar is a proposed reform of the Gregorian calendar created by Elisabeth Achelis of Brooklyn, New York in 1930. The World Calendar is a 12-month
World_Calendar
Calendar era that uses 10,000 BC as 1 HE
the epoch in 4713 BCE (5288 HE). Cesare Emiliani's proposal for a calendar reform sought to solve a number of alleged problems with the current Anno
Holocene_calendar
Calendar reforms in early 20th century Russia
The Soviet calendar was a modified Gregorian calendar that was used in Soviet Russia between 1918 and 1940. Several variations were used during that time
Soviet_calendar
Type of calendar applicable to any year
these books are organized by calendar dates, without reference to weekdays or year numbers. A goal of modern calendar reform has been to achieve universal
Perennial_calendar
British statute adopting the Gregorian calendar
continue unless the calendar was corrected and the eleven days' difference deleted. The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar, instituted by
Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750
Lunisolar calendar
The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar created by or commonly used by the Chinese people. A total of 102 calendars have been officially recorded
Chinese_calendar
Solar calendar used by modern Assyrian people
sight of Spring. In the Julian calendar, the vernal equinox moved gradually away from 21 March. The Gregorian calendar reform restored the vernal equinox
Assyrian_calendar
British accountant and calendar reformer
and calendar reformer. After emigrating to Canada he worked for the British Columbia provincial government and chaired the Civil Service Reform committee
Moses_B._Cotsworth
1849 calendar reform proposal
calendar was an attempt at calendar reform put forward by Auguste Comte in 1849 that used 13 months of 28 days rather than the Gregorian Calendar's 12
Positivist_calendar
Period of time
for two days) (historical usage) Calendar reform – Significant revision of a calendar system Common year – Calendar year with 365 days Fiscal year – One-year
Calendar_year
Scottish solicitor and campaigner
1858 – 21 January 1932) was a Scottish solicitor and campaigner for calendar reform. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1913
Alexander_Philip
Egyptian liturgical calendar
added an extra day to the calendar every fourth year. However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the reform was not adopted until the
Coptic_calendar
Coligny calendar. Nevertheless, the Roman calendar contained very ancient remnants of a pre-Etruscan 10-month solar year. The Roman calendar was reformed by
History_of_calendars
Changes in calendar conventions
4th century, had drifted from astronomical reality. The Gregorian calendar reform dealt with the accumulated difference between the years 325 and 1582
Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates
Wall calendar – Stationery to track datesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets World calendar – Proposed reform of Gregorian calendarPages
List_of_calendars
Calendar used in Revolutionary France from 1793 to 1805
Calendar reform – Significant revision of a calendar system Solar Hijri calendar – Astronomical equinox-based calendar used in Iran Soviet calendar –
French_Republican_calendar
Proposal for calendar reform
Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar (HHPC) is a proposal for calendar reform. It is one of many examples of leap week calendars, calendars that maintain synchronization
Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar
Hanke–Henry_Permanent_Calendar
Ninth month in the Gregorian and Julian calendars
first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added January and February to the beginning of the year, September
September
Calendar used by some Eastern Orthodox churches
The Revised Julian calendar, less formally the new calendar, also known as the Milanković calendar, is a calendar proposed in 1923 by the Serbian scientist
Revised_Julian_calendar
Calendar with lunar month, solar year
years Calendar reform Nasi' – Aspect of the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar Other non-solar calendars Roman calendar (probably a lunisolar calendar with common
Lunisolar_calendar
Date system of time since an epoch event
Universal Time (UTC). Holocene calendar Calendar reform Common Era Julian day List of calendars Richards, E. G. (2013). "Calendars". In Urban, Sean E.; Seidelmann
Calendar_era
Italian 16th century astronomer and mathematician
(Venice, March 1537) is one of many sixteenth century attempts to reform the calendar, and establish, among other things, the correct day of Easter. This
Pietro_Pitati
Calendars used in Iran
(inclusive). Adopting S H Taqizadeh's date of 28 March 487 BC for the reform the calendar for that year is as follows: The fourth month includes 20 July, the
Iranian_calendars
Calendar used in Ancient Rome
civil war, Caesar reformed the calendar in 46 BC, making the year of his third consulship last for 446 days. This new Julian calendar was an entirely solar
Roman_calendar
Proposal for calendar reform
The Symmetry454 calendar (Sym454) is a proposal for calendar reform created in early 2004 by Dr. Irv Bromberg, an assistant professor at the University
Symmetry454
Calendar having 13 months per year
The Pax calendar was invented by James A. Colligan, SJ in 1930, as a perennializing reform of the annualized Gregorian calendar. The common year is divided
Pax_Calendar
Chief Rabbi of the UK (1913–1946)
international opposition to a proposed calendar reform. The League of Nations was considering a calendar amendment, The World Calendar, such that a given date would
Joseph_Hertz
System for organizing days
fragmentary Coligny calendar (2nd century AD). The Roman calendar was reformed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC. His "Julian" calendar was no longer dependent
Calendar
Calendar year
recalibrate the calendar in preparation for his calendar reform, which went into effect in 45 BC. The resulting calendar year, the longest calendar year in recorded
46_BC
Trilingual decree from ancient Egypt
rising of the star Sirius would keep the calendar synchronized with the seasons. This Ptolemaic calendar reform failed, but was finally officially implemented
Decree_of_Canopus
Eastern Catholic church
regarding the church calendar reform [uk], which aims to replace the use of the old Julian calendar with the Revised Julian calendar. The primates decided
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church
on the idea of a thirteen month calendar, proposed by Moses B. Cotsworth. She was taken by the idea of calendar reform but was appalled by the strict rigidity
Elisabeth_Achelis
Date given in two different calendars
Gregorian calendar and a concurrent calendar reform. (The dual day number is due to the eleven days difference (at the time) between the Julian calendar date
Dual_dating
Movement within Eastern Orthodox Christianity
mainstream Eastern Orthodox churches for various reasons, such as calendar reform, the involvement of mainstream Eastern Orthodox churches in ecumenism
True_Orthodox_church
12th month of the year
month of the Roman calendar, following November (novem, "nine") and preceding Ianuarius. It had 29 days. When the calendar was reformed to create a 12-month
December_(Roman_month)
(1920). "The Reform of the Julian Calendar". Popular Astronomy. 28 (6): 22. Bibcode:1920PA.....28...18L. Fruin (1934), pp. 10–11. "Calendar (New Style)
Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar
Cracow Academy, he is best known for his staunch criticism of the papal calendar reform, for which he was deposed of his post. He fled to Ostróg, where he
Jan_Latosz
Original sixth month in the Roman calendar
month in the Roman calendar, when March (Martius, "Mars' month") was the first of ten months in the year. After the calendar reform that produced a twelve-month
Sextilis
Leap week calendar system
The ISO week date system is effectively a leap week calendar system that is part of the ISO 8601 date and time standard issued by the International Organization
ISO_week_date
Italian astronomer (c. 1510–1576)
proposal that (after modifications) became the basis of the Gregorian Calendar reform of 1582. The crater Lilius on the Moon is named after him, as is the
Aloysius_Lilius
Calendar year with a day (or month) added
January 45 BC, by edict, Julius Caesar reformed the historic Roman calendar to make it a consistent solar calendar (rather than one which was neither strictly
Leap_year
Unit of time, usually 28 to 31 days
Augustan calendar reform have persisted, and the number of days in each month (except February) have remained constant since before the Julian reform. The
Month
Square tower in Vatican City
Palace) mainly to promote the study of astronomy for the Gregorian Calendar Reform which was commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII and promulgated in 1582
Gregorian_Tower
Japanese mathematician (1704–1773)
Japanese mathematician in the middle of the Edo period, focused on calendar reform. The Yamaji family claimed to be descendants of Taira no Shigemori
Yamaji_Nushizumi
Calendar date format
Aloysius Lilius, the principal author of the Gregorian Calendar reform, the Lilian date represents calendar dates as continuous integers rather than as year–month–day
Lilian_date
Seventh of ten months on the ancient Roman calendar
months on the ancient Roman calendar that began with March (mensis Martius, "Mars' month"). It had 29 days. After the reforms that resulted in a 12-month
September_(Roman_month)
Month of the Roman calendar
months on the Roman calendar, following October (octo, "eight") and preceding December (decem, "ten"). It had 29 days. In the reform that resulted in a
November_(Roman_month)
8th-century BC king of Babylon
but the context has not been preserved. His reign marks the reform of the Babylonian calendar, introducing regular calculated intercalary months, the eighteen-year
Nabonassar
National public holidays in China
only one of its golden weeks, the May Day holiday, according to the calendar reform that the government has approved. May Day itself now became a one-day
Golden_Week_(China)
Specific calendar based on the Julian calendar (1839–1926)
The Rumi calendar (Ottoman Turkish: رومی تقویم, Rumi takvim, lit. "Roman calendar"), a specific calendar based on the Julian calendar, was officially used
Rumi_calendar
Calendar used for religious purposes
The Hindu calendar, also called Panchanga (Sanskrit: पञ्चाङ्ग), is one of various lunisolar calendars that are traditionally used in the Indian subcontinent
Hindu_calendar
follow the Julian calendar). It was the drift of 21 March from the observed equinox that led to the Gregorian reform of the calendar, to bring them back
Date_of_Easter
Calendar used by Mesoamerican cultures
The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is a non-repeating base-20 and base-18 calendar used by pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya
Mesoamerican Long Count calendar
Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar
Base sixty numeral system
Edward, pp. 147–149 Nothaft, C. Philipp E. (2018), Scandalous Error: Calendar Reform and Calendrical Astronomy in Medieval Europe, Oxford: Oxford University
Sexagesimal
Eighth month in the Roman calendar
Roman calendar. It had 31 days. October followed September (from septem, "seven") and preceded November (novem, "nine"). After the calendar reform circa
October_(Roman_month)
American physicist and philosopher
also the author of Tibaldo and the Hole in the Calendar, a 1998 children's book about the calendar reform that has been translated into many languages.
Abner_Shimony
American entrepreneur, inventor, and photographer (1854–1932)
the 1920s, Eastman was involved in calendar reform and supported the 13-month per year International Fixed Calendar developed by Moses B. Cotsworth. On
George_Eastman
Lunisolar calendar used for Jewish religious observances
The Hebrew calendar (Hebrew: הַלּוּחַ הָעִבְרִי, romanized: HaLuakh ha'Ivri, IPA: [ha‿ˈluaχ ha‿ʔivˈʁi]), also called the Jewish calendar, is a lunisolar
Hebrew_calendar
Era names equivalent to AD/BC
portal Astronomical year numbering Before Present Calendar Calendar reform Holocene Era List of calendars AD is shortened from anno Domini nostri Jesu Christi
Common_Era
This national electoral calendar for 2026 lists the national/federal elections scheduled to be held in 2026 in all sovereign states and their dependent
2026 national electoral calendar
2026_national_electoral_calendar
Calendar based only on the Moon
operates Solar Hijri calendar, which is purely solar. Calendar used by the large majority of Muslims outside Iran After 1633 CE reform P. Kenneth Seidelmann
Lunar_calendar
Lunar calendar used by most Muslims
Hijri calendar (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, romanized: al-taqwīm al-hijrī), also known in English as the Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar, is a
Islamic_calendar
Day set aside for rest and worship
contributed to the cessation of calendar reform activities in the 1930s (International Fixed Calendar) and again in 1955 (World Calendar), though supporters of
Sabbath
Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation
to calendar reform. By implication, his work replacing the Ptolemaic system with a heliocentric model was prompted in part by the need for calendar reform
Counter-Reformation
Days since the beginning of the Julian Period
(one year after the Gregorian calendar reform) as it is the product of three calendar cycles used with the Julian calendar: 28 (solar cycle) × 19 (lunar
Julian_day
Chinese intellectual (1562–1633)
appointed by the Chinese Emperor in 1629 to be the leader of the Shixian calendar reform, which he embarked on with the assistance of Jesuits. Xu was a colleague
Xu_Guangqi
Emperor of China from 141 to 87 BC
Qian (author of Shiji)) that the calendar then in use was in need of reform. Among other reforms, the Taichu calendar made the zheng month (正月, also known
Emperor_Wu_of_Han
Calendar used in ancient Egypt before 22 BC
The ancient Egyptian calendar – a civil calendar – was a solar calendar with a 365-day year. The year consisted of three seasons of 120 days each, plus
Ancient_Egyptian_calendar
13th month
Jules (1937). "Why the World Needs This Reform". Journal of Calendar Reform. 7. New York City: World Calendar Association: 64. Asimov, Isaac; John Bradford
Undecimber
Lunisolar calendar
The Babylonian calendar was a lunisolar calendar used in Mesopotamia from around the 2nd millennium BC until the Seleucid Era (294 BC), and it was specifically
Babylonian_calendar
Religious date system
respect to their proper seasons. The calendar had continued to slip against the Julian calendar since the previous reform at the rate of one day every four
Zoroastrian_calendar
Meeting of Eastern Orthodox leaders in Constantinople
calendar reform. The Roman Catholic Church and almost all of Western Europe completed their switch from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar
Council of Constantinople (1923)
Council_of_Constantinople_(1923)
Proposals to change the festival date
momentum along with other calendar reform proposals, such as the International Fixed Calendar (IFC) and the World Calendar. In 1928, a law was passed
Reform_of_the_date_of_Easter
Eastern Orthodox church in Ukraine (contested)
hierarchs regarding the calendar reform. The primates decided to create a joint working group on specific proposals for calendar reform. The joint group is
Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine
Japanese astronomer (1764-1804)
1804) was an astronomer in mid-Edo period Japan, noted for his work in calendar reform, and as the teacher of the surveyor Inō Tadataka. Takahashi was born
Takahashi_Yoshitoki
Month of the ancient Roman calendar
the earliest calendar attributed to Romulus, which began with Martius ("Mars' month," March) and had 10 months. After the calendar reform that produced
Quintilis
Worldwide local elections held in 2026
This local electoral calendar for 2026 lists the subnational elections scheduled to be held in 2026. Referendums, recall and retention elections, and national
2026_local_electoral_calendar
Christian liturgical calendar celebrating saints
commemoration (see Tridentine calendar), so in 1908 they were moved one day earlier. When the 1969 reform of the Catholic calendar moved him to 28 January,
Calendar_of_saints
Lunisolar calendars from Southeast Asia
Asian calendar is slowly drifting out of sync with the sidereal, approximately one day every 100 years. Yet no coordinated structural reforms of the
Buddhist_calendar
week. List of calendars: Reform calendars Calendar reform: Specific proposals Armelin's calendar A Proposed Plan For An Invariable Calendar, Sunday Magazine
Invariable_Calendar
Italian-born American scientist (1922–1995)
planktic foraminifera. In his later years, he promoted a calendar reform based on the Holocene calendar (HE) concept to eliminate the BC–AD chronology gap caused
Cesare_Emiliani
Ancient Greek analogue astronomical computer
calendar reform, but the Sothic and Callippic cycles had already pointed to a 365+1/4 day solar year, as seen in Ptolemy III's attempted calendar reform
Antikythera_mechanism
Topics referred to by the same term
Eastern Orthodox Church in the 1920s over issues of ecumenism and calendar reform Proto-orthodox Christianity, a term coined by New Testament scholar
Orthodox
Age of a phase of the moon in days, and method
change in the solar calendar, if they were applied at 1 January of the Julian calendar instead of the Gregorian calendar as the reformers implemented it;
Epact
Type of manor house
calendar dispute, which had started at the beginning of the Gregorian calendar reform in 1582 and not yet come to an end. The architecture of the palace
Calendar_house
Calendar used in Sikhism
colonization. Due to a reform of the Gregorian calendar regarding leap-years, it no longer corresponded well with the Indic calendars, with the gap being
Nanakshahi_calendar
Lunar calendar classification in a 12-year cycle
Chinese zodiac is a traditional classification scheme based on the Chinese calendar that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating
Chinese_zodiac
Belgian mathematician (1561–1615)
that involved intersecting hyperbolas. He also wrote on the Gregorian calendar reform. Van Roomen was born in Leuven, the son of Adriaan Van Roomen and Maria
Adriaan_van_Roomen
99th Patriarch of Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1557–1576)
Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar". In George V. Coyne; Michael A. Hoskin; Olaf Pedersen (eds.). Gregorian Reform of the Calendar : Proceedings of
Ignatius_Ni'matallah
Fourth month in the Julian and Gregorian calendars
added back during the reform of the calendar undertaken by Julius Caesar in the mid-40s BC, which produced the Julian calendar. The Anglo-Saxons called
April
When sun appears directly over equator
equinox fell on March 10 or 11 in the Julian calendar. It was for this reason that the Gregorian calendar reform was introduced in 1582, to reinstate the
March_equinox
12th edition of the Men's Rugby World Cup
original on October 25, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2023. "Historic rugby calendar reform to supercharge reach and competitiveness". www.rugbyworldcup.com. Archived
2031_Men's_Rugby_World_Cup
Eighth month in the Julian and Gregorian calendars
August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal
August
Calendar in use in Sweden from 1700 to 1712
Gregorian calendar "Toke Nørby. The Perpetual Calendar". norbyhus.dk. Retrieved 2024-08-24. Lamont, Roscoe (1920). "The reform of the Julian calendar (II)"
Swedish_calendar
Replacing time zones with UTC
Daylight saving time#Opposition to clock changes Eastern Standard Tribe Calendar reform Time in China "Let's Get Rid of Time Zones, Not Just Daylight Savings"
Abolition_of_time_zones
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CALENDAR REFORM
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CALENDAR REFORM
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