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State body of Ukraine
The Center for Countering Disinformation (Ukrainian: Центр протидії дезінформації, romanized: Tsentr protydii dezinformatsii) is a working body of the
Center for Countering Disinformation
Center_for_Countering_Disinformation
2016 American anti-propaganda legislation
The Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act (CFPDA), initially called the Countering Information Warfare Act, is a bipartisan law of the
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
Countering_Foreign_Propaganda_and_Disinformation_Act
The Counter disinformation unit, now known as the National Security and Online Information Team (NSOIT), leads the UK's governments response to misinformation
Counter_disinformation_unit
Browser plugin that rates the credibility of news and information websites
2021. Retrieved February 16, 2021. "NSIN Post | NSIN | #52Weeks: Countering Disinformation". UNUM. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved
NewsGuard
countering, and dealing with disinformation, misinformation, and related topics. Diaz Ruiz, Carlos (March 25, 2025). Market-Oriented Disinformation Research:
Publications about disinformation
Publications_about_disinformation
US military anti-vax COVID-19 propaganda attack
#ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign (transl. #ChinaIsTheVirus) was a covert Internet anti-vaccination propaganda and disinformation campaign conducted
ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
ChinaAngVirus_disinformation_campaign
Widespread deliberate fabrication presented as truth
deliberately to mislead the public. Hoax may serve the goal of propaganda or disinformation – using social media to drive web traffic and amplify their effect.
Hoax
Advocacy organisation
The Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH), formerly Brixton Endeavors, is a British-American not-for-profit NGO company with offices in London and
Center for Countering Digital Hate
Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate
Propaganda warfare via Internet memes
Scott. "Protecting Democracy in an Age of Disinformation" (PDF). csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved
Memetic_warfare
Factual information disseminated with harmful intention
the term argue that malinformation is often used in conjunction with disinformation and misinformation as part of "orchestrated campaigns [to] spread untruths"
Malinformation
Tactic used to influence opinion
and false information. FUD is "implicit coercion" by "any kind of disinformation used as a competitive weapon." It is a tactic based on fear appeal,
Fear,_uncertainty,_and_doubt
Political warfare technique of the Soviet Union
Political Directorate (GPU), Józef Unszlicht, called for the foundation of "a special disinformation office to conduct active intelligence operations".
Soviet_disinformation
Russian state-sponsored disinformation campaigns
Russian disinformation campaigns have occurred in many countries. For example, disinformation campaigns led by Yevgeny V. Prigozhin, a Russian oligarch
Russian_disinformation
original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-13. "The Disinformation Dozen" (PDF). Center for Countering Digital Hate. 2021-03-24. Archived from the original
List_of_fake_news_websites
Software agent that communicates on social media
viewership and engagement metrics and to spread disinformation on social media. Social bots are used for a large number of purposes on a variety of social
Social_bot
into X about the spread of disinformation and terrorist content related to the war. On 14 October, Center for Countering Digital Hate CEO Imran Ahmed
Misinformation in the Gaza war
Misinformation_in_the_Gaza_war
Political warfare conducted by the USSR & Russia
Pacepa, Ion Mihai & Rychlak, Ronald J. (2013). Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and
Active_measures
Form of modern folklore
were most often circulated orally, at gatherings and around the campfire for instance. Now, they can be spread by any media, including newspapers, mobile
Urban_legend
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Levada Center has shown that over 50% of Russia's population regretted this event, with the only exception to this being in 2012 when support for the Soviet
Soviet_Union
Fact-checking website
politics". It is a project of the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania and is funded
FactCheck.org
British fact-checking startup company
technology startup company that specializes in analyzing and fighting disinformation assisted by artificial intelligence (AI) software. Logically was founded
Logically_(company)
Propaganda technique
opinion countering the effects of propaganda, rather than the propaganda itself; for example, to counter propaganda that undermines support for a cause
Firehose_of_falsehood
Covert operation designed to deceive
invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, the Russian government intensified its disinformation campaign, with Russian state media promoting false flags on a nearly
False_flag
Investigation into an American conservative media company
Washington's indictment shines a bright light on the dark corners of Russian disinformation operations". CBC.ca. Archived from the original on September 11, 2024
2024 Tenet Media investigation
2024_Tenet_Media_investigation
Methods of mind manipulation, often based on logical fallacies
The Uncle Sam "I want you" image is an example of this technique. Disinformation The creation or deletion of information from public records, in the
Propaganda_techniques
Form of influence campaign
Black propaganda is covert disinformation deliberately attributed to a false source—often the very group it aims to discredit—in order to undermine that
Black_propaganda
Information operations to assist military objectives
Democracy Now!. 10 January 2005. Retrieved 16 December 2008. "Countering Disinformation: Russia's Infowar in Ukraine". University of Washington. 25 October
Psychological_warfare
Political messaging using coded language
values", which have extra resonance for Christians, while avoiding overt Christian moralizing that might be a turn-off for non-Christian voters. Australian
Dog_whistle_(politics)
Deliberately misleading information
37–38, ISBN 978-0-08-031573-7. "Countering Disinformation". United Nations. Retrieved 7 June 2025. "What is disinformation?". Die Bundesregierung informiert
Disinformation
Term for pro-government media in India
"A short guide to the history of 'fake news' and disinformation" (PDF). International Center for Journalists. Chaturvedi, Anumeha (20 December 2019)
Godi_media
Fact-checking website
a "well-regarded reference for sorting out myths and rumors" on the Internet. The site has also been seen as a source for both validating and debunking
Snopes
Techniques in which partisans create an image that favours their interests
rhetorical strategies, including logical fallacies, deceptive content like disinformation, and propaganda techniques, and often involve the suppression of information
Media_manipulation
Exploitative type of social influence
pharmacists, later having a sense by 1828 of handling or managing people for one's own purposes. The word manipulate originated in 1827 as a back-formation
Manipulation_(psychology)
Fact-checking feature on X
July 2024, after the attempted assassination of Donald Trump, the Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) published a report that of the 100 most popular
Community_Notes
Language that deliberately disguises, distorts, or reverses the meaning of words
highlighted the deliberate public misuses of language and provided strategies for countering doublespeak by focusing on educating people in the English language
Doublespeak
Effort to damage someone's reputation
Brotherhood as a teenager. Attack ad Cancel culture Character assassination Disinformation and misinformation Doxing Kompromat Mudslinging Noisy investigation
Smear_campaign
Academic research field
understand and counter disinformation, misinformation, and malinformation. The field provides a systemic framework and research methods for studying multiple
Disinformation_research
Israeli cyber-espionage and disinformation firm
hacking and disinformation group, which inspired the Team Jorge name. According to Tal Hanan, the group's leader, Team Jorge has existed for more than two
Team_Jorge
Façade making something seem better than in reality
town, but are actually carefully planned theme shopping centers, hotels and restaurants designed for maximum revenue. Similarly, in The Geography of Nowhere
Potemkin_village
Communication used to influence opinion
either advance or undermine a political ideal, and use disinformation as an alternative name for undermining propaganda, while others consider them to
Propaganda
JFK assassination conspiracy theory
ISBN 0-88184-648-1. Dorril, Steve (1983). "PERMINDEX: The International Trade in Disinformation" (PDF). Lobster (2). Retrieved December 9, 2014. Garrison, Jim. On The
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory
Systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment
for information processing. Cognitive biases can make individuals more inclined to endorsing pseudoscientific beliefs by requiring less evidence for claims
Cognitive_bias
Mental phenomenon of holding contradictory beliefs
Studying under Kurt Lewin for most of his academic career, Festinger returned to collaborate with Lewin at the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the Massachusetts
Cognitive_dissonance
American nonprofit fact-checking website
Capitol attack and its significance. 2022 The 2022 Lie of the Year was disinformation in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine being propagated by Vladimir
PolitiFact
False information presented as news
Fake news is false or misleading information (misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, and hoaxes) claiming the aesthetics and legitimacy of news. Fake
Fake_news
British fact-checking organisation
review. Full fact created a framework for so-called information incidents which is used by the Counter-Disinformation Policy Forum to assess information
Full_Fact
Jordanian fact-checking website
the Arab Fact-Checkers Network (AFCN) for the "Fact-Checking Platforms Collaboration to Counter Mis/Disinformation During the War on Gaza and South Lebanon"
Misbar
Attributing events to an improbable conspiracy
authorities. It has been suggested that directly countering misinformation can be counterproductive. For example, since conspiracy theories can reinterpret
Conspiracy_theory
On 6 March 2026, Andriy Kovalenko, head of the Ukrainian Center for Countering Disinformation, publicly confirmed the request. On March 8, President Zelenskyy
Ukraine_in_the_2026_Iran_war
Informal fallacy involving falsely limited alternatives
necessarily true. Various inferential schemes are associated with false dilemmas, for example, the constructive dilemma, the destructive dilemma or the disjunctive
False_dilemma
that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory
List_of_cognitive_biases
Alleged coup plot in the United Kingdom
whose job also included routine public relations work and placing disinformation stories in the press as part of a psychological warfare operation against
Clockwork_Orange_(plot)
election. The unit had been in development for eight months prior to being scrapped. Titled the Counter-Disinformation Team, it would have been a reboot of
Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections
Form of propaganda in public relations and politics
x. Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Brooks Jackson (2007): unSpun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation, (Random House Paperback, ISBN 978-1400065660)
Spin_(propaganda)
2013 nonfiction book by Ion Mihai Pacepa and Ronald J. Rychlak
Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism is a 2013 non-fiction book
Disinformation_(book)
Personality construct
1016/S2215-0366(14)00071-6. PMID 26359751. "The Hard Sell for Psychopathy Research Funding". Center for Science and Law. Archived from the original on 10 March
Psychopathy
Vulgar term for nonsense
business and management, guidelines for comprehending, recognizing, acting on and preventing bullshit are proposed for stifling the production and spread
Bullshit
False or misleading information about 5G technology
about earlier mobile standards in the 1990s and 2000s. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "exposure to intense, direct amounts
5G_misinformation
2024 European political affair
These included hacking attempts on Romanian institutions, the spread of disinformation, and the amplification of nationalist rhetoric on social media platforms
Accusations of Russian interference in the 2024 Romanian presidential election
Accusations_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2024_Romanian_presidential_election
Coordinated dissemination of false information on a national scale
of the disinformation attack is to confuse, paralyze, and polarize an audience. This list is intended for attacks on a national-scale, not for example
List of disinformation attacks by country
List_of_disinformation_attacks_by_country
Russia trying to frame Ukraine for concert massacre?". BBC Home. Retrieved 10 June 2025. "Center for Countering Disinformation pushes back against Russian
Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine
Propaganda technique
book on the death of Adolf Hitler describes the infectious Soviet disinformation concerning his purported survival as an example of the technique, nodding
Big_lie
Informal fallacy and propaganda strategy
of properly countering whataboutism: to "use points made by Russian leaders themselves" so that they cannot be applied to the West, and for Western nations
Whataboutism
Denial of the scientific consensus on climate change
November 2021, a study by the Center for Countering Digital Hate identified "ten fringe publishers" that together were responsible for nearly 70 percent of Facebook
Climate_change_denial
Parable by French economist Frédéric Bastiat
in ways that are unseen or ignored. The belief that destruction is good for the economy is consequently known as the broken window fallacy or glazier's
Parable_of_the_broken_window
Argument that uses faulty reasoning
Logically self-contradictory statement Rationalism – Epistemological view centered on reason Sophist – Teachers of 5th century BC Greece Soundness – Term
Fallacy
Right-wing hoax
has received on social media illustrates the pernicious influence of disinformation and that anti-LGBTQIA+ politicians will do and say anything to animate
Litter_boxes_in_schools_hoax
Israeli disinformation watchdog group
FakeReporter (Hebrew: פייק ריפורטר) is an Israeli disinformation watchdog group founded in 2020 by Achiya Schatz. FakeReporter was started in 2020 by Achiya
FakeReporter
Any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise
centering on the issue of how best students can be helped to understand and avoid plagiarism. Given the serious consequences that plagiarism has for students
Academic_dishonesty
Department of the Soviet KGB concerned with external intelligence
special actions involving various degree of violence". They included disinformation, propaganda, and forgery of official documents. The preparation of forged
First_Chief_Directorate
Legal Center, wrote that the counting joint session "gives Trump's die-hard supporters in Congress an opportunity to again provide more disinformation about
Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election
Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election
Stalin as part of a disinformation campaign. The disappearance, and often presumed death, of an individual may also become a cause for conspiracy theorists
List_of_conspiracy_theories
Belief in truth based on only intuition
Berkman Center hosted a two-day symposium at Harvard and MIT, "Truthiness in Digital Media", exploring "concerns about misinformation and disinformation" in
Truthiness
Fraudulent research
Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2011. "Countering Age of Autism". Counteringageofautism.blogspot.com. 28 January 2010. Archived
Wakefield_MMR-autism_fraud
Rejecting scientific or historical consensus
April 12, 2025. National Center for Science Education (June 4, 2010). "Climate change is good science". National Center for Science Education. Archived
Denialism
Causing someone to believe something that is not true
information warfare, visual deception, or other methods. As a form of disinformation, it overlaps with psychological warfare. Military deception is also
Deception
Deceptive statement
November 2017. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. "TRUTH TELLING". Center of Health Ethics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri. Archived from
Half-truth
Fallacy of incomplete evidence
court is one-sided, then you are likely to be surprised by a strong counter-argument for which you are unprepared. The lesson is to cultivate two-sidedness
Cherry_picking
Russian military enterprise
December 2023. On 17 November 2024 social media and Ukraine's Center for Countering Disinformation claimed that the plant had been struck by a Ukrainian A-22
Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant
Izhevsk_Electromechanical_Plant
Invented claim or trivial fact
used to mean a brief interesting fact ... ought instead to use another word for a small probably unimportant but interesting fact". Drum, Kevin (April 19
Factoid
Book by Ladislav Bittman
intelligence officer specializing in disinformation for the Czech Intelligence Service and retired professor of disinformation at Boston University. The book
The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
The_KGB_and_Soviet_Disinformation
False or misleading virus information
False information, including disinformation and conspiracy theories about the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and
COVID-19_misinformation
Failure of social intelligence
Henry John Todd denounces "gullibility" as "a low expression, sometimes used for cullibility". Gullibility does not appear in Noah Webster's 1817 A dictionary
Gullibility
them to cooperate, and the double agents then funneled a mixture of disinformation and true material to U.S. intelligence. Although the CIA's Soviet-East
1995 CIA disinformation controversy
1995_CIA_disinformation_controversy
Company providing armed combat or security services
the kremlin clans have reached the finish line". Ukraine Center for countering disinformation. April 12, 2023. "The 'Privatization of Force' Presses on
Private_military_company
False or misleading information about abortion
including its medical, legal and societal effects. Misinformation and disinformation related to abortion often stems from political, religious and social
Misinformation related to abortion
Misinformation_related_to_abortion
Palestinian fact-checking organization
the Arab Fact-Checkers Network (AFCN) for the "Fact-Checking Platforms Collaboration to Counter Mis/Disinformation During the War on Gaza and South Lebanon"
Tahaqaq
Board of the United States Department of Homeland Security
attention. On August 24, 2022, Mayorkas disbanded the board. Center for Countering Disinformation, a Ukrainian government department tasked with monitoring
Disinformation Governance Board
Disinformation_Governance_Board
British website featuring politics and culture
July 2022, UnHerd reported that the Ukrainian government's Center for Countering Disinformation had compiled a list of politicians and intellectuals in multiple
UnHerd
Chinese government online influence operation
Spamouflage Dragon, Storm 1376 and Taizi Flood) is an online propaganda and disinformation operation. Since 2017, it has used a network of social media accounts
Spamouflage
Russian state-sponsored Internet commentators
sockpuppets, social bots, and large-scale orchestrated trolling and disinformation campaigns to promote pro-Putin and pro-Russian propaganda, with an overtone
Russian_web_brigades
Arrangement in which fear of retribution is pervasive
international news, and as such this is how most receive news and details that center around violent crime and acts of terror. With the rise in use of smartphones
Culture_of_fear
2024 single by Betsy and Maria Iankovskaia
same time, all the girls fall in love with him." Ukraine's Center for Countering Disinformation have condemned the song, describing it as a "weapon of Moscow's
Sigma_Boy
Political policy encouraging violent struggle
that the state needed those terrorist attacks for the population to willingly turn to the state and ask for security. Accelerationism Agent provocateur
Strategy_of_tension
Informal fallacy
evidence of the fraudulence and impending collapse of "Darwinism." "The Counter-creationism Handbook", Mark Isaak, ISBN 0-520-24926-7 p. 14 Quote-Mining
Quoting_out_of_context
Forged document by the Daily Mail
victory for the Conservative Party and the continued collapse of the Liberal Party. Labour supporters often blamed the letter, at least in part, for their
Zinoviev_letter
Intellectual isolation through internet algorithms
and social fragmentation. The bubble effect may have negative implications for civic discourse, according to Pariser, but contrasting views regard the effect
Filter_bubble
Ukrainian journalist and TV host (born 1988)
September 2024, was deleted following a request from Ukraine's Center for Countering Disinformation. "#14 Диана Панченко в рейтинге "Топ-50 блогеров Украины
Diana_Panchenko
Chinese daily tabloid
source of various incidents, including fabrications, cover-ups and disinformation. It is part of a broader set of Chinese state media outlets that constitute
Global_Times
Propaganda techniques used by the tobacco industry
The tobacco industry playbook, also called the tobacco disinformation playbook or simply the tobacco strategy, describes a public relations strategy used
Tobacco_industry_playbook
travel, tourism, insurance
CENTER FOR-COUNTERING-DISINFORMATION
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CENTER FOR-COUNTERING-DISINFORMATION
CENTER FOR-COUNTERING-DISINFORMATION
CENTER FOR-COUNTERING-DISINFORMATION
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