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Oceanographic research expedition (1872–1876)
The Challenger expedition of 1872–1876 was a scientific programme that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. The expedition was
Challenger_expedition
Deepest known point of Earth's seabed
Royal Navy survey ships HMS Challenger, whose expedition of 1872–1876 first located it, and HMS Challenger II, whose expedition of 1950–1952 established
Challenger_Deep
Pearl-class corvette and research vessel
Shuttle Challenger was named after the ship. Her figurehead is on display in the foyer of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. The Challenger expedition
HMS_Challenger_(1858)
Expedition to the South Pole
The Ice Challenger Expedition was an expedition to the geographic South Pole. The expedition's six man team used a six-wheel drive vehicle to cover about
Ice_Challenger_Expedition
Scottish natural historian and marine zoologist; pioneer of oceanography
historian and marine zoologist. He served as the chief scientist on the Challenger expedition; his work there revolutionized oceanography and led to his being
Charles_Wyville_Thomson
British Royal Navy officer and polar explorer (1831–1915)
officer and Arctic explorer. He commanded the Challenger Expedition, and the British Arctic Expedition. He was highly thought of as a leader and scientific
George_Nares
Space Shuttle orbiter (1983–1986)
Visitor Complex. Challenger was named after HMS Challenger, a British corvette that was the command ship for the Challenger Expedition, a pioneering global
Space_Shuttle_Challenger
1845–48 British failed Arctic exploration
Franklin's lost expedition was a failed British voyage of Arctic exploration led by Captain Sir John Franklin that departed England in 1845 aboard two
Franklin's_lost_expedition
British oceanographer, marine biologist and limnologist (1841–1914)
on... The John Murray Mabahiss Expedition to the Indian Ocean 1933–34" (PDF). /www.challenger-society.org. The Challenger Society for Marine Science. 2004
John_Murray_(oceanographer)
Investigation of ocean conditions beyond the continental shelf
British scientists aboard HMS Challenger, a screw corvette that was converted into a survey ship in 1872. The Challenger expedition covered 127,653 kilometres
Deep-sea_exploration
Norwegian polar explorer (1872–1928)
Adrien de Gerlache's Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899. From 1903 to 1906, he led the first expedition to successfully traverse the Northwest
Roald_Amundsen
Deepest oceanic trench on Earth
("Depth map of the Great Ocean") by Petermann, which showed a Challenger Tief ("Challenger deep") at the location of that sounding. In 1899, USS Nero, a
Mariana_Trench
1914–17 British Expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton
The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (abbreviated as ITAE) of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition
English explorer (born 1944)
attached to the Army of the Sultanate of Oman. He later undertook numerous expeditions and was the first person to visit both the North Pole and South Pole
Ranulph_Fiennes
Expedition from south to north poles using only surface transport
The Transglobe Expedition (1979–1982) was the first expedition to make a longitudinal (north–south) circumnavigation of the Earth using only surface transport
Transglobe_Expedition
This is a list of Arctic expeditions. 1472: Didrik Pining and Hans Pothorst mark the first of the cartographic expeditions to Greenland 1496: Grigory
List_of_Arctic_expeditions
Antarctica. 1872–1872 – German Antarctic Expedition under Eduard Dallmann, aboard the Grönland. 1872–1876 – HMS Challenger under Capt. George S. Nares, becomes
List_of_Antarctic_expeditions
Italian mountaineer, adventurer and explorer (born 1944)
climb any more. The expedition was unsuccessful. In 1985 Richard Bass first postulated and achieved the mountaineering challenge Seven Summits, climbing
Reinhold_Messner
American explorer (1856–1920)
American explorer and officer in the United States Navy who made several expeditions to the Arctic in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was long
Robert_Peary
Technique for ocean bottom sampling
marine environment. Ocean dredging techniques were used on the HMS Challenger expeditions as a way to sample marine sediment and organisms. Edward Forbes
Ocean_dredging
Geographic location
of the World, did not make it due to the flow of sea ice. In 1986, an expedition of Soviet polar scientists led by Dmitry Shparo claimed to reach the original
Pole_of_inaccessibility
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up challenger in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Challenger, Challengers, The Challenger, or The Challengers, may refer to: Challenger (character)
Challenger
Norse explorer (c. 950 – c. 1003)
Iceland for three years; many of these men would then join Erik on his expedition to Greenland. Erik's son Leif Erikson became the first Norseman to explore
Erik_the_Red
English explorer (c. 1565 – after 1611)
and contributed to the development of trade and commerce. On his final expedition, while still searching for the Northwest Passage, Hudson became the first
Henry_Hudson
New Zealand mountaineer (1919–2008)
reached the summit of Mount Everest. They were part of the ninth British expedition to Everest, which was led by John Hunt. From 1985 to 1988, he served as
Edmund_Hillary
British polar explorer and musher
island of Guernsey, is a polar explorer. He took part in the Ice Challenger Expedition and holds (or has held) skiing and vehicle world records for polar
Jason_De_Carteret
Species of jellyfish
in honor of Sir Charles Wyville Thomson, chief scientist on the Challenger expedition. It typically has 20 marginal tentacles and one hypertrophied tentacle
Atolla_jellyfish
Irish astronomer, geophysicist, ornithologist and explorer
for an Antarctic expedition led by James Clark Ross aboard HMS Erebus, with Capt. Francis Crozier commanding HMS Terror. The expedition set up geomagnetic
Edward_Sabine
British naval officer and hydrographer
hydrography. He is best known for being commander of HMS Challenger during the Challenger Expedition (1872–1876) under its commission captain, Sir George
John_Maclear
US Navy operation to establish an Antarctic research base
representative on the expedition. Siple was the same Eagle Scout who accompanied Byrd on the previous Byrd Antarctic expeditions. The Central Group of
Operation_Highjump
and environmental sustainability. Student-led Expeditions (1 to 4 weeks) World Challenge's "expeditions" are designed to be student-led, with participants
World_Challenge_Expeditions
American naval officer (1888–1957)
polar logistics. Aircraft flights in which he served as a navigator and expedition leader crossed the Atlantic Ocean, a segment of the Arctic Ocean, and
Richard_E._Byrd
Northernmost point on Earth
undisputed expedition to reach the North Pole was that of the airship Norge, which overflew the area in 1926 with 16 men on board, including expedition leader
North_Pole
Study of organisms in oceanographic systems
the Challenger Expedition. The Challenger Expedition was pivotal to biological oceanography and oceanography in general. The Challenger Expedition was
Biological_oceanography
Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer (1874–1922)
January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. He was one of the principal figures of the period known
Ernest_Shackleton
List of ships with the same or similar names
Challenger, most famously the fifth, the survey vessel Challenger that carried the Challenger expedition from 1872 to 1876. The first HMS Challenger (1806)
HMS_Challenger
Geographic feature of the North Atlantic Ocean
named for Rudolf von Willemoes-Suhm, a German naturalist on the Challenger expedition in the late-19th Century. 34°N 55°W / 34°N 55°W / 34; -55 Scott
Sohm_Abyssal_Plain
Oceanic division
in the Fram Expedition from 1893 to 1896. The first surface crossing of the ocean was led by Wally Herbert in 1969, in a dog sled expedition from Alaska
Arctic_Ocean
Autonomous territory of Denmark
the difficult Arctic ice and weather conditions, and partly because the expedition leaders were given instructions to search for the Eastern Settlement on
Greenland
British oceanographer and geophysicist
Gaskell served as Chief Scientist on the worldwide oceanographic expedition of HMS Challenger. His team included Swallow and Hill. Their mission was to confirm
Tom_Gaskell
1898–99 oceanographic expedition by the German Empire
oceans below 500 fathoms, which had not been explored by the earlier Challenger Expedition. In the mid-19th century most scientists adhered to the Abyssus
Valdivia_Expedition
Extinct species of rodent
under the genus Mus. Maclear was earlier commander on HMS Challenger for the Challenger Expedition of 1872–1876 under its commission captain, Sir George Nares
Maclear's_rat
Sea route north of North America
route was discovered in 1850 by the Irish explorer Robert McClure, whose expedition completed the passage by hauling sledges. Scotsman John Rae explored a
Northwest_Passage
Earth's southernmost continent
and British expeditions. The first confirmed landing was by a Norwegian team in 1895. In the early 20th century, there were a few expeditions into the interior
Antarctica
Historic marine plankton expedition
Expedition was the first scientific effort to systematically study marine plankton—small, drifting aquatic organisms. Just as the earlier Challenger Expedition
Plankton_Expedition
1910–13 British Antarctic expedition
The Terra Nova Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. Led by
Terra_Nova_Expedition
Territory of Antarctica in Queen Maud Land, first explored by Nazi Germany in 1938/39
territorial claim of Queen Maud Land. The region was named after the expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia. Although
New_Swabia
British naval officer and polar explorer
officer of the Royal Navy and polar explorer who participated in two expeditions to the Arctic and a survey of the coastline of Australia aboard HMS Beagle
Graham_Gore
Failed attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon
Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 was a failed Swedish effort to reach the North Pole, resulting in the deaths of all three expedition members, S. A.
Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition
Andrée's_Arctic_balloon_expedition
Late-19th century Antarctic expedition
The Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899 was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region. Led by Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery aboard the
Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition
1911 expedition to the South Pole
The first expedition to reach the Geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. He and four other crew members made it to the
Amundsen's South Pole expedition
Amundsen's_South_Pole_expedition
1902–04 expedition led by William Speirs Bruce
John Murray, helping to classify specimens collected during the Challenger expedition. In 1892 Bruce gave up his medical studies altogether, and embarked
Scottish National Antarctic Expedition
Scottish_National_Antarctic_Expedition
British Antarctic explorer (1868–1912)
two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition of 1901–1904 and the Terra Nova Expedition of 1910–1913. On the first expedition, Scott
Robert_Falcon_Scott
1839–43 British Antarctic exploration mission
The Ross expedition was a voyage of scientific exploration of the Antarctic in 1839 to 1843, led by James Clark Ross, with two unusually strong warships
Ross_expedition
Norwegian polar explorer (1861–1930)
scientist, Robert Rudmose-Brown, "were to Arctic oceanography what the Challenger expedition results had been to the oceanography of other oceans." In 1900,
Fridtjof_Nansen
Southernmost point on Earth
several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica, with the first[clarification needed] being the Russian expedition led by
South_Pole
Hecla-class bomb vessel best known for Antarctic and Arctic exploration
vessel and took part in the Ross expedition of 1839–1843. She was abandoned in 1848 during the third Franklin expedition. The sunken wreck was discovered
HMS_Erebus_(1826)
Earliest phase of European settlement in the Americas
of walrus ivory, to Europe. For timber and iron, colonists launched expeditions into the Canadian Arctic and likely into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. L'Anse
Norse settlement of North America
Norse_settlement_of_North_America
American exploring and surveying expedition, 1838 to 1842
The United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands conducted by
United States Exploring Expedition
United_States_Exploring_Expedition
Period of history from the 1890s to the 1920s
19th century, and ended after the First World War; the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition of 1921–1922 is often cited by historians as the dividing line between
Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration
Swiss linguist, oceanographer and natural history illustrator and lithographer (1824-1900)
were noted for their precision and clarity. He participated in the Challenger expedition of 1872–76. In 1881 he emigrated to the Colony of Victoria, where
John_James_Wild
Scientific expedition in the Arctic Circle
Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1918 was a scientific expedition in the Arctic Circle organized and led by Vilhjalmur Stefansson. The expedition was originally
Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913–1916
Canadian_Arctic_Expedition,_1913–1916
Royal Navy officer and explorer (1796–1848?)
in six expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. In 1843, he became a fellow of the Royal Society for his scientific work during his expeditions. Later
Francis_Crozier
British warship and polar exploration ship
later, and participated in George Back's Arctic expedition of 1836–1837, the successful Ross expedition to the Antarctic of 1839 to 1843, and Sir John
HMS_Terror_(1813)
British scientific expedition to Antarctica (1901 to 1904)
Murray, who had visited Antarctic waters as a biologist with the Challenger Expedition in the 1870s, addressed the RGS. Murray presented a paper entitled
Discovery_Expedition
British explorer and naval officer (1728–1779)
published in 1777 about the expedition: one by Cook, and another by the Forsters. The primary objective of Cook's third expedition was to search for a North-West
James_Cook
Polar region around Earth's South Pole
Antarctica is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and
Antarctic
Type of ship
separate accommodation section for tourists. Quark Expeditions chartered 50 Let Pobedy for expeditions to the North Pole in 2008. The vessel's maiden voyage
Nuclear-powered_icebreaker
Royal Navy officer and explorer (1800–1862)
participated in two expeditions led by his uncle, John Ross, and in four led by William Edward Parry: in the Antarctic, he led his own expedition from 1839 to
James_Clark_Ross
Ocean around Antarctica
of 60th parallel, was surveyed by the Five Deeps Expedition in early February 2019. The expedition's multibeam sonar team identified the deepest point
Southern_Ocean
Islet near the subantarctic McDonald Island
feature was charted as "Meyers Rock" on an 1874 chart by the British Challenger expedition, but the form Meyer Rock is now approved. Captain Johann Meyer of
Meyer_Rock
Greenlandic-Danish polar explorer and anthropologist (1879–1933)
actor and opera singer. He went on his first expedition in 1902–1904, known as The Danish Literary Expedition, with Jørgen Brønlund, Harald Moltke and Ludvig
Knud_Rasmussen
Inlet on Heard Island
The name appears on a chart by the Challenger expedition under George Nares, which visited the island in HMS Challenger in 1874 and utilized the names then
Atlas_Cove
Family of true bugs
Francis Buchanan White collected several different species during the Challenger expedition. Around this time, Eschscholtz discovered three species of the Gerridae
Gerridae
Antarctica's largest known subglacial lake
Kapitsa based on seismic soundings made during the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions in 1959 and 1964 to measure the thickness of the ice sheet. Continued
Lake_Vostok
1901–1903 German expedition to Antarctica
The Gauss expedition of 1901–1903 (also known as the Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903) was the first German expedition to Antarctica. It was led
Gauss_expedition
Scottish explorer and fur trader (1764–1820)
September 2015. Hayes, Derek (2009). First Crossing: Alexander Mackenzie, His Expedition Across North America, and the Opening of the Continent. D&M Publishers
Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)
Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)
American Antarctic base
The Terror, commanded by Irish explorer Francis Crozier, along with expedition flagship Erebus under command of English Explorer James Clark Ross, first
McMurdo_Station
First Arctic expedition to navigate through the Northeast Passage
The Vega Expedition (Swedish: Vegaexpeditionen) of 1878–1880, named after the SS Vega and under the leadership of Finland-Swedish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
Vega_Expedition
1921–22 expedition to Antarctica
The Shackleton–Rowett Expedition (1921–22) was Sir Ernest Shackleton's last Antarctic project, and the final episode in the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
Shackleton–Rowett_Expedition
1900s Ernest Shackleton Antarctic expedition
The Nimrod Expedition of 1907–1909, otherwise known as the British Antarctic Expedition, was the first of three expeditions to the Antarctic led by Ernest
Nimrod_Expedition
Earth's magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere
Boothia Peninsula on 1 June 1831, while serving on the second arctic expedition of his uncle, Sir John Ross. Roald Amundsen found the north magnetic pole
North_magnetic_pole
Species of mollusc
described from only one specimen collected in 1874 by the H.M.S. Challenger expedition. The original description and a drawing was published in 1879 by
Siphonodentalium_colubridens
Fictional character by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Sherlock Holmes, Professor Challenger is an aggressive but virtuous figure. Like Sherlock Holmes, Professor Challenger was based on a real person—in
Professor_Challenger
Species of fish
type specimen was an 11.5-inch (29 cm) individual taken by the Challenger expedition (1872–1876) north of New Guinea at a depth of 1,075 fathoms (6,450 ft;
Bony-eared_assfish
Russian admiral and White movement leader (1874–1920)
accomplished oceanographer and Arctic explorer. He was involved in several expeditions to northern Russia, including to the New Siberian Islands, and became
Alexander_Kolchak
Icelandic explorer, athlete and artist
transit (by rowing) across the Drake Passage, and the first human-powered expedition on the Southern Ocean. As of 2020, he is the first and only person to
Fiann_Paul
British explorer (1880–1912)
an Antarctic explorer, who died from hypothermia during the Terra Nova Expedition when he walked from his tent into a freezing blizzard. His death, which
Lawrence_Oates
Russian expedition to the coasts of Siberia and Alaska
The Great Northern Expedition (Russian: Великая Северная экспедиция) or Second Kamchatka Expedition (Russian: Вторая Камчатская экспедиция) was a major
Great_Northern_Expedition
Archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean
Campbell (and not George Campbell, lieutenant on the HMS Challenger during the 1879 expedition, as was thought for a while). Pointe Pringle (east of Loranchet
Toponymy of the Kerguelen Islands
Toponymy_of_the_Kerguelen_Islands
Dredging equipment
with the work of the naturalist in marine biology, notably on the Challenger Expedition. The dredge is usually constructed from a heavy steel frame in the
Fishing_dredge
Nazi Germany polar expedition
Antarctic Expedition of 1938–1939 was led by Kriegsmarine captain Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963) and was the third official Antarctic expedition of the German
German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)
German_Antarctic_Expedition_(1938–1939)
19th-century American polar expedition
The Polaris expedition of 1871–1873 was one of the first serious attempts to reach the North Pole after that of British naval officer Sir Edward Parry
Polaris_expedition
Antarctica research agency of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet
Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition
American explorer (1866–1955)
They spent a total of 18 years on expeditions together. He is best known for his participation in the 1908–1909 expedition that claimed to have reached the
Matthew_Henson
British carcinologist
Museum in London. He contributed to the scientific reports from the Challenger expedition of 1872–1876, and described 32 new genera and at least 260 new species
Edward_J._Miers
Thermometer used in the 19th Century
a Six's thermometer with a double bulb used extensively by the Challenger expedition during the late nineteenth century. The thermomemeter was used for
Miller–Casella_thermometer
American undersea explorer (born 1966)
Trench" (PDF). "Deepest Submarine Dive in History, Five Deeps Expedition Conquers Challenger Deep" (PDF). Retrieved May 14, 2019. Thebault, Reis (May 14
Victor_Vescovo
British naval officer and polar explorer (1777–1856)
Sir James Clark Ross, who explored the Arctic with him, and later led expeditions to Antarctica. John Ross was born in Balsarroch, West Galloway, Scotland
John Ross (Royal Navy officer)
John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)
British-born polar explorer and entrepreneur
led the Ice Challenger Expedition, a world record attempt for the fastest overland crossing to the South Pole. The six-man Ice Challenger team completed
Andrew_Regan
travel, tourism, insurance
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CHALLENGER EXPEDITION
CHALLENGER EXPEDITION
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