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Data used to detect errors in other data
A checksum is a small-sized block of data derived from another block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors that may have been introduced
Checksum
Algorithm
Fletcher's checksum (or the Fletcher checksum) is an algorithm for computing a position-dependent checksum devised by John G. Fletcher (1934–2012) at
Fletcher's_checksum
Mechanism to detect corruption in the header of an IPv4 packet
The Internet checksum, also called the IPv4 header checksum is a checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to detect corruption in the
Internet_checksum
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
packets. To assure correctness a checksum field is included; see § Checksum computation for details. The TCP checksum is a weak check by modern standards
Transmission_Control_Protocol
Principal protocol used for transmission of datagrams across an IP network
connection and that UDP does not keep track of what it has sent. UDP provides checksums for data integrity, and port numbers for addressing different functions
User_Datagram_Protocol
redundancy checks, checksum functions, and cryptographic hash functions. Adler-32 is often mistaken for a CRC, but it is not: it is a checksum. Hash function
List_of_hash_functions
Legacy checksum algorithm
The BSD checksum algorithm was a commonly used, legacy checksum algorithm. It has been implemented in old BSD and is also available through the sum command
BSD_checksum
Computer checksum algorithm
Adler-32 is a checksum algorithm written by Mark Adler in 1995, modifying Fletcher's checksum. Compared to a cyclic redundancy check of the same length
Adler-32
Standard barcode system used in global trade
5). The checksum is calculated as sum of products – taking an alternating weight value (3 or 1) times the value of each data digit. The checksum digit is
International_Article_Number
Error-detecting code for detecting data changes
because the remainder (and therefore the checksum) is one bit less, these correspond 1, 2, 4, and 8 byte checksums. A CRC is called an n-bit CRC when its
Cyclic_redundancy_check
Swedish national identification number
have their birth county or immigration identified. The last digit is a checksum which was introduced in 1967 when the system was computerized. Originally
Personal identity number (Sweden)
Personal_identity_number_(Sweden)
Commonly used, legacy checksum algorithm
The SYSV checksum algorithm was a commonly used, legacy checksum algorithm. It has been implemented in UNIX System V and is also available through the
SYSV_checksum
Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse (also referred to as DCC) is a method of spam email detection. The basic logic in DCC is that most spam mails are sent
Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse
Distributed_Checksum_Clearinghouse
Type of hash function
A rolling hash (also known as recursive hashing or rolling checksum) is a hash function where the input is hashed in a window that moves through the input
Rolling_hash
Internet protocol used for error messages in network operations
The header contains only three fields: Type (8 bits), Code (8 bits), and Checksum (16 bits). Type: 8 bits Specifies the type of the message. Values in the
ICMPv6
File format developed by Motorola
the record (address + data + checksum). This field has a minimum value of 3 (2 for 16-bit address field plus 1 checksum byte), and a maximum value of
Motorola_S-record
Simple checksum formula
States Patent for a simple, hand-held, mechanical device for computing the checksum. The device took the mod 10 sum by mechanical means. The substitution digits
Luhn_algorithm
Cisco tunneling protocol
of the GRE packet header is represented below: C (1 bit) Checksum bit. Set to 1 if a checksum is present. K (1 bit) Key bit. Set to 1 if a key is present
Generic_routing_encapsulation
Disk encryption software
contain a hash of the decrypted key of the keyslot that functions as a checksum and to verify correctness of the password. Keyslots contain encrypted keys
Linux_Unified_Key_Setup
Identity document of China
sum % 11) % 11 end puts checksum('34262219840209049') # first 17 digits # => 10 puts checksum('63280119790817003') # => 6 Checksum derivation process in
Resident_Identity_Card
ID system in most former Yugoslav republics
the particular municipality) 000–499 – male 500–999 – female K – checksum The checksum is calculated from the mapping DDMMYYYRRBBBK = abcdefghijklm, using
Unique_Master_Citizen_Number
Icelandic national identification number
identification number (kennitala) used to demonstrate how it's constructed. Birth date (DDMMYY) Random number (20 to 99) Checksum Birth century indicator
Icelandic identification number
Icelandic_identification_number
between a checksum and a packet such that whether the checksum is accurate or not is also the answer to that smaller problem. The packet/checksum is then
Parasitic_computing
Network utility used to test the reachability of a host
like this. Type: 8 bits Set to 8 to indicate 'Echo Request'. Checksum: 16 bits Checksum is the 16-bit ones' complement of the ones' complement sum of
Ping_(networking_utility)
Error detection for identification numbers
Luhn algorithm (1954) Verhoeff algorithm (1969) Damm algorithm (2004) Checksum Casting out nines – similar modular sum check Check bit – binary equivalent
Check_digit
In cryptography, a Key Checksum Value (KCV) is the checksum of a cryptographic key. It is used to validate the integrity of the key or compare keys without
Key_checksum_value
Layer for end-to-end network communication
congestion and errors. By means of an error detection code, such as a checksum, the transport protocol may check that the data is not corrupted, and verify
Transport_layer
Operation of checking the integrity of file
an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum. This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies
File_verification
Archive file format
style="application/x-gzip"/> <archived-checksum style="SHA1">a5f6f1461213a904f831d4ef6f214638342842ed</archived-checksum> <extracted-checksum style="SHA1">21d21a0c90
Xar_(archiver)
Internet protocol used for error messages in network operations
messages. Code: 8 bits ICMP subtype, see § Control messages. Checksum: 16 bits Internet checksum for error checking, calculated from the ICMP header and data
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet_Control_Message_Protocol
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
a checksum protecting the contents of the header. Packets with incorrect checksums are dropped within the network or at the receiver. The checksum was
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Barcode format
symbol (followed by a 2-unit bar). The check digit is a weighted modulo-103 checksum. It is calculated by summing the start code 'value' to the products of
Code_128
File format for conveying binary information
the computed checksum equals the checksum appearing in the record; an error is indicated if the checksums differ. Since the record's checksum byte is the
Intel_HEX
Unix command
16-bit checksum of each argument file, as well as the number of 1 KiB blocks, rounded up, that they occupy on the disk. Two different checksum algorithms
Sum_(Unix)
Data link layer communication protocol
protocol that provides framing and may provide other functions such as a checksum to detect transmission errors. PPP on serial links is usually encapsulated
Point-to-Point_Protocol
which is calculated as mod 10/3 checksum. Because specification of Matrix 2 of 5 does not require checksum any other checksum types could be used with the
Matrix_2_of_5
Son of Sally Hemings (1798–c. 1873)
W.W. Norton, 1974. ISBN 978-0-393-00771-3 {{isbn}}: Check isbn value: checksum (help). Gordon-Reed, Annette. Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American
William_Beverly_Hemings
National identification number used in Poland
I×1 + J×3 The checksum is the last digit of result of the above expression subtracted from 10. If this last digit is 0, then the checksum is 0. If the
PESEL
Unique numeric book identifier since 1970
or territory), the registrant element, the publication element, and a checksum character or check digit. A 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts
ISBN
not used. The structure of the barcode is based on the checksum. In order to compute the checksum, multiply each of the digits by either 3 or 9, alternating
EAN-5
Electronic communications protocol
in the header. The trailer contains the last field of the message, 10 (Checksum), always expressed as a three-digit number (e.g. 10=002). Example of a
Financial Information eXchange
Financial_Information_eXchange
Number to represent one's identity as a numerical code
checksum digit is 1, otherwise it is the remainder itself. Example ======= Control = 279146358279 CNP = 1800101221144 ^ checksum digit = 4 Checksum value
National identification number
National_identification_number
Barcode system used by Royal Mail
differs from CBC in that it does not use the start and end symbols or the checksum, separates the house number and suffixes with an X, and is placed below
RM4SCC
Error detection number calculated over a serial data stream
This "extra" LRC word at the end of a block of data is very similar to checksum and cyclic redundancy check (CRC). While simple longitudinal parity can
Longitudinal_redundancy_check
Message-digest hashing algorithm
function MD4, and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321. MD5 can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption. Historically
MD5
File format and file archiver program
instead of zeroes. The checksum is calculated by taking the sum of the unsigned byte values of the header record with the eight checksum bytes taken to be
Tar_(computing)
Standard for remote reading of utility meters
A-field, checksum, 0x16 sending simple commands Long frame ≥9 0x68, length, length, 0x68, C-field, A-field, CI-field, [0…252 payload bytes], checksum, 0x16
Meter-Bus
9999, without leading zeroes) _ – Checksum letter ("F", "I", "N", "O", "Q", "V" and "W" are never used as checksum letters; absent on special government
Vehicle registration plates of Singapore
Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Singapore
Industrial automation protocol
is. Data contained in this field depends on the command to be executed. Checksum is composed of an XOR of all the bytes starting from the start byte and
Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol
Highway_Addressable_Remote_Transducer_Protocol
File synchronization protocol and software
and computes two checksums for each chunk: the MD5 hash, and a weaker but easier to compute 'rolling checksum'. It sends these checksums to the sender.
Rsync
American drug smuggler
Simon & Schuster, 1989. ISBN 9780671657044 {{isbn}}: Check isbn value: checksum (help) Top Medellin Cartel drug pilot Roger Reaves, releases his memoir
Roger_Reaves
Hierarchical file packaging format
manifest listing every file in the payload together with its corresponding checksum. The name, BagIt, is inspired by the "enclose and deposit" method, sometimes
BagIt
Machine-readable travel document utilizing optical character recognition
A machine-readable passport (MRP) is a machine-readable travel document (MRTD) with the data on the identity page encoded in optical character recognition
Machine-readable_passport
File format for storing file checksums
Simple file verification (SFV) is a file format for storing CRC-32 checksums of files to verify the integrity of files. SFV is used to verify that a file
Simple_file_verification
Copy-on-write file system
checksums are computed for both data and metadata and stored as checksum items in a checksum tree. There is room for 256 bits of metadata checksums and
Btrfs
Message-oriented transport layer protocol
CCID. Checksum Coverage (CsCov): 4 bits Checksum Coverage determines the parts of the packet that are covered by the Checksum field. Checksum: 16 bits
Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol
Communication standard for marine electronics
included if a checksum is supplied. The asterisk is immediately followed by a checksum represented as a two-digit hexadecimal number. The checksum is the bitwise
NMEA_0183
American software engineer
his work in the field of data compression as the author of the Adler-32 checksum function, and a co-author, together with Jean-Loup Gailly, of the zlib
Mark_Adler
calculating a known cryptographic checksum of the file's original baseline and comparing with the calculated checksum of the current state of the file
File_integrity_monitoring
Computer system that receives and forwards requests
malware, and more. Application firewall Captive portal Darknet Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse FreeProxy Internet privacy InterPlanetary File System Proxy
Proxy_server
Type of intrusion detection system
remember its attributes (permissions, size, modifications dates) and create a checksum of some kind (an MD5, SHA1 hash or similar) for the contents, if any. This
Host-based intrusion detection system
Host-based_intrusion_detection_system
Country in Southern and Western Europe
University Press. ISBN 978-0521194883. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help) Mortara, G (1925). La Salute pubblica in Italia durante e dopo la
Italy
Orbital data format
his CelesTrak bulletin board system. This revealed a problem in NASA's checksum system, which was eventually determined to be caused by a change in the
Two-line_element_set
File transfer protocol
extended XMODEM varieties. Like XMODEM-CRC, YMODEM replaced the 8-bit checksum with a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC), but made it the default form
YMODEM
Unique identifier in Australia
digits are a checksum. Unlike with the tax file number (TFN), the ATO has publicised the formula for checking and creating valid ABN checksums. Also, the
Australian_Business_Number
Telecommunication term
telecommunications, the term summation check (sum check) has the following meanings: A checksum based on the formation of the sum of the digits of a numeral. Note: The
Summation_check
Data format and compression library
Adler-32 checksum of the preset DEFLATE dictionary used during compression. Present if the FDICT flag is set. The decompressor can use this checksum to determine
Zlib
Protocol for establishing multicast group memberships on IPv4 networks
values improve protocol responsiveness when the last host leaves a group. Checksum: 16 bits This is the 16-bit ones' complement of the ones' complement sum
Internet Group Management Protocol
Internet_Group_Management_Protocol
Fourth version of the Internet Protocol
include: Header Checksum: 16 bits The IPv4 header checksum field is used for error checking of the header. Before sending a packet, the checksum is computed
IPv4
Queen of Spain from 1975 to 2014
Dundurn. pp. 271–273. ISBN 9781459735718. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help) Preston, Paul (2004). Juan Carlos: Steering Spain from Dictatorship
Queen_Sofía_of_Spain
Process performed by firmware or software routines
continue, the hardware is OK. If an error occurs, the system halts. Performs checksum test on ROMs. If the system fails the ROM test, the screen display turns
Power-on_self-test
Repository for the remains of the dead
University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-9774248258 {{isbn}}: Check isbn value: checksum (help). Budge, E.A. Wallis (1967). The Egyptian Book of the Dead. Dover
Tomb
Peer-to-peer file sharing network
identification checksum is computed by concatenating the chunks' MD4 checksums in order and hashing the result. In cryptographic terms, the list of MD4 checksums is
EDonkey_network
patterns are split by white space. Industrial 2 of 5 could include optional checksum character which is added to the end of the barcode. Industrial 2 of 5 features:
Industrial_2_of_5
Identification system for businesses and organizations in China
"organization code (组织机构代码)" and is encoded in accordance with GB 11714. The Checksum is the final digit, which confirms the validity of the ID number from the
Unified Social Credit Identifier
Unified_Social_Credit_Identifier
Variable length, discrete barcode symbology
numeric value assigned to each character (except start/stop) is used in the checksum algorithm described below. Characters are separated by an additional narrow
Code_39
various barcode generating software and barcode scanners. Checksum is calculated as other UPC checksums: x 6 = 10 − ( ( 3 x 1 + x 2 + 3 x 3 + x 4 + 3 x 5 )
ITF-6
Way to traverse IP address spaces without routing
In this type of NAT, only the IP addresses, IP header checksum, and any higher-level checksums that include the IP address are changed. Basic NAT can
Network_address_translation
Vehicle network technology
application which the LIN slave runs in. CHECKSUM: There are two checksum-models available within LIN - The first is the checksum including the data bytes only (specification
Local_Interconnect_Network
Flash file system
parameters and the checksum sector. (There are two VBR type regions, the main VBR and the backup VBR.) The checksum sector is a checksum of the previous
ExFAT
1980s Unique Country Code (UCC) prefix for EAN identifiers of books
Bookland UCC 978, the 9 digits of the book's ISBN other than its checksum, and the EAN checksum digit. Since parts of the 10-character ISBN space are nearly
Bookland
Capital and most populous city in Japan
w/o suffix Full name District or Subprefecture Population LPE code (w/o checksum) Japanese Transcription Translation Adachi 足立区 Adachi-ku Adachi Ward —N/a
Tokyo
Decimal error detection code
The Verhoeff algorithm is a checksum for error detection first published by Dutch mathematician Jacobus Verhoeff in 1969. It was the first decimal check
Verhoeff_algorithm
Open-source file system
atomicity guarantees, and it uses a combination replication, metadata checksums, and RAID 4 parity to protect data and metadata from media errors and
NOVA_(filesystem)
Traditional Kashmiri dish
Ages. Roli Books. ISBN 978-8174363264. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help) Razdan, Bharat (2008). The Essential Kashmiri Cookbook. Penguin
Methi_maaz
Copy-on-write file system
written/read checksums correctly but is actually wrong) are undetectable by most filesystems as they store the checksum with the data. ZFS stores the checksum of
ZFS
Indian director and producer
Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-19-563579-2. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help) "Nanabhai Bhatt". Cinestaan. Retrieved 14 July 2025. "Mahesh Bhatt
Nanabhai_Bhatt
Identification number for NHS users
subtracted from 11 to give the checksum in the range 1–11, in this case 9, which becomes the last digit of the NHS number. A checksum of 11 is represented by
NHS_number
Formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network
at various layers in the protocol stack. Network packets may contain a checksum, parity bits or cyclic redundancy checks to detect errors that occur during
Network_packet
File format developed by Apple and used by macOS
0 uuid_t SegmentID; uint32_t DataChecksumType; // Data fork checksum uint32_t DataChecksumSize; uint32_t DataChecksum[32]; uint64_t XMLOffset;
Apple_Disk_Image
Erotic body-to-body massage of Japanese origin
Carlton Books, 2000. ISBN 978-1-85868-950-7 {{isbn}}: Check isbn value: checksum (help). Waugh, Thomas. The Romance of Transgression in Canada: Queering
Nuru_(massage)
Brazilian plastic surgeon (1926–2016)
value: checksum (help) Pitanguy, Ivo (2000). Cem Frases Que Me Tocaram. Editora Rocco. ISBN 9788532508839. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
Ivo_Pitanguy
South Indian title
Kaveri Books. ISBN 9788174790665. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help) Hardgrave, Robert L. (1969). The Nadars of Tamilnad: The Political
Chettiar
Computer data using only printable characters
characters in 8 bits rather than 7, ignoring the remaining bit or using it as a checksum. When a document is received without any explicit indication of the character
Plain_text
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
fingerprinting, to detect duplicate data or uniquely identify files, and as checksums to detect accidental data corruption. Indeed, in information-security
Cryptographic_hash_function
Shell command for calculating a checksum
command for generating a checksum for a file or stream of data. The command reports the 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count for each
Cksum
Serial communications protocol
connecting over port 502. It does not require a checksum calculation, as lower layers already provide checksum protection. Modbus TCP nomenclature is the same
Modbus
Footwear used in wrestling
checksum (help) Gable, Dan (1997). Coaching Wrestling Successfully. Human Kinetics. ISBN 9780880117056. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
Wrestling_shoe
Data communicated alongside other data
Count word are 0–255 (inclusive) User Data Words (UDW), followed by a Checksum (CS) word. The Data Identifier word (along with the SDID, if used), indicates
Ancillary_data
North American philosopher
Material Other, SUNY, 2020, ISBN 1438480244 {{isbn}}: Check isbn value: checksum (help). Eric S. Nelson (ed.), Interpreting Dilthey: Critical Essays, Cambridge
Eric_S._Nelson
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance