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Parliamentary procedure forcing a quick end to a debate
Cloture (/ˈkloʊtʃər/, also UK: /ˈkloʊtjʊər/), closure, or informally a guillotine, is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing
Cloture
Legislative tactic
long as they wish. Only when debate concludes, whether naturally or using cloture, can the measure be put to a vote. Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the
Filibuster in the United States Senate
Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate
Parliamentary procedure of the United States Senate invoked to amend rules of discussion
avoiding the two-thirds supermajority, which is normally required to invoke cloture on a change to the standing rules. The term "nuclear option" is an analogy
Nuclear_option
Upper house of the US Congress
the Senate is the filibuster on some matters and its remedy, the vote on cloture. The drafters of the Constitution debated more about how to award representation
United_States_Senate
American judge (born 1971)
January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 18, 2024. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: David Seymour Leibowitz to be U.S. District Judge for
David_S._Leibowitz
Proposed voting rights legislation
to pass the Senate after falling short of the 60 votes needed to invoke cloture. A second attempt to pass it on January 19, 2022, as part of a combined
John_Lewis_Voting_Rights_Act
American judge (born 1986)
November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Tiffany Rene Johnson to be U.S. District Judge for the
Tiffany_R._Johnson
Political stalling tactic
obstruction in a legislature or other decision-making body. A motion of cloture (also closure or guillotine) requiring a supermajority can overcome filibustering
Filibuster
American judge (born 1963)
Leader Harry Reid motioned to invoke cloture on Millett's nomination. On October 31, 2013, the motion to invoke cloture was rejected by a 55–38 vote, with
Patricia_Millett
hearings held on February 22–23, 2021, and approved 15–7 on March 1, 2021. Cloture invoked 70–29 on March 9, 2021. Confirmed 70–30 on March 10, 2021, and
Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden
Highest court of jurisdiction in the U.S.
Unlike the Fortas filibuster, only Democratic senators voted against cloture on the Gorsuch nomination, citing his perceived conservative judicial philosophy
Supreme Court of the United States
Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
American judge (born 1958)
Harry Reid filed a motion to invoke cloture on the nomination. On April 29, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 55–41 vote
Stanley_Bastian
French surgeon and epidemiologist
Louis Lépecq de La Clôture (12 July 1736 – 5 November 1804) was a French surgeon and epidemiologist. His work consisted mainly of a 15-year observation
Louis_Lépecq_de_La_Clôture
American federal judge (born 1984)
September 11, 2025. Retrieved December 17, 2025. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Eric Chunyee Tung to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth
Eric_Tung
Overview of the judicial appointment controversies of Joe Biden
November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2021. Cloture Votes "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Julie Rikelman to be United States Circuit
Joe Biden judicial appointment controversies
Joe_Biden_judicial_appointment_controversies
Parliamentary procedures
end a filibuster by invoking cloture. In most cases, cloture requires the support of three-fifths of the Senate. Cloture is invoked very rarely, particularly
Standing Rules of the United States Senate
Standing_Rules_of_the_United_States_Senate
US Supreme Court justice since 2022
June 8, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on her nomination. On June 10, the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 52–46 vote. On June
Ketanji_Brown_Jackson
American federal judge (born 1960)
reported out of committee. Cloture was filed on her nomination on May 6, 2014. On May 8, 2014, the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 55–41
Indira_Talwani
American attorney (born 1969)
senate.gov. June 18, 2026. Retrieved July 20, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Arthur Roberts Jones to be U.S. District Judge for the
Arthur_R._Jones
American judge (born 1989)
senate.gov. May 14, 2026. Retrieved June 26, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Jeffrey M. Kuhlman to be U.S. District Judge for the District
Jeffrey_M._Kuhlman
2018 US Supreme Court nomination
nuclear option, which changed the 60 votes needed for cloture to 51. On the eve of the cloture vote, Kavanaugh published an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal
Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination
Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination
Legislative procedure in the United States Senate
Politics and procedure Advice and consent Blue slip Closed session (list) Cloture Committees (list) Executive session Morning business Filibuster Journal
Blue_slip_(U.S._Senate)
American judge (born 1970)
Dakota)". www.senate.gov. Retrieved 2019-12-18. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Daniel Mack Traynor to be U.S. District Judge for the
Daniel_M._Traynor
American judge (born 1966)
Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on her nomination. On September 22, 2021, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 66–27 vote
Florence_Y._Pan
American politician (born 1969)
In March 2025, Fetterman was one of nine Senate Democrats to vote for cloture for a Republican-led stopgap funding bill to avoid a federal government
John_Fetterman
Proposed U.S. constitutional amendment
votes required for passage in that body. The Senate has only voted on cloture motions with regard to the proposed amendment, the last of which was on
Federal_Marriage_Amendment
American lawyer, politician (born 1982)
January 16, 2020" (PDF). Senate Judiciary Committee. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Stephen A. Vaden, of Tennessee, to be a Judge of the United
Stephen_Vaden
United States Supreme Court nomination
additional requirement, a three-fifths supermajority vote in favor of cloture (60 votes), which would allow debate to end and force a final vote on confirmation
Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination
Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination
U.S. vice presidential tenure from 2021 to 2025
for Policy) Yea: 51–50 Motion agreed to. June 22, 2021 Motion to invoke cloture on PN220 (Nomination of Kiran Arjandas Ahuja, of Massachusetts, to be Director
Vice presidency of Kamala Harris
Vice_presidency_of_Kamala_Harris
American judge (born 1978)
December 11, 2025. Retrieved December 11, 2025. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: David Clay Fowlkes to be United States District Judge
David_Clay_Fowlkes
Football league season
was split into two tournaments—the Série de Ouverture and the Série de Clôture—each with identical formats and each contested by the same 20 teams. 1
2015_Ligue_Haïtienne_season
American judge (born 1962)
committee by a voice vote. On June 3, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 54–40 vote. On June 4, 2014, her nomination was
Tanya_Chutkan
American judge (born 1972)
Leader Reid filed a motion to invoke cloture on his nomination. On April 29, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 57–40 vote
Manish_S._Shah
cloture required the support threshold of two-thirds of senators present and voting. From 1975 until 2017, the threshold needed to invoke cloture for
List of confirmation votes for the Supreme Court of the United States
List_of_confirmation_votes_for_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
decisive vote, as cloture requires a three-fifths majority. However, rules changes in 2013 and 2017 reduced the requirement for cloture on nominations to
List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States
List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States
American judge (born 1962)
Harry Reid filed a motion to invoke cloture on the nomination. On June 23, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 53–31 vote
Beth_Bloom
American judge (born 1974)
on the Judiciary. Retrieved February 2, 2023. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Matthew L. Garcia to be U.S. District Judge for the District
Matthew_L._Garcia
Trinidadian and Tobagonian-American judge (born 1983)
Committee. April 18, 2024. Retrieved April 18, 2024. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Sparkle L. Sooknanan to be U.S. District Judge for the
Sparkle_L._Sooknanan
Haitian footballer (born 2004)
and the Série de Clôture with the team in the 2025–26 Ligue Haïtienne. He was also named as the Best Player of the Série de Clôture. In August 2026, Pierre
Woodensky_Pierre
American federal judge (born 1969)
on the Judiciary. Retrieved October 26, 2022. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Vince Girdhari Chhabria, of California
Vince_Chhabria
American judge (born 1986)
2023, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on his nomination. On May 11, 2023, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 54–41 vote. On May
Brad_Garcia
Association football club in Haiti
1937-38, 1941, 1946, 1947, 1953-4, 1958, 1962, 1969, 2000, 2002 Clôture and 2009 Clôture. In 1941, it captured the double after winning the league and the
Racing_CH
American judge (born 1981)
senate.gov. June 18, 2026. Retrieved July 20, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Jeffrey T. Kuntz to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern
Jeffrey_Kuntz
American judge (born 1977)
on the Judiciary. Retrieved February 2, 2023. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Araceli Martinez-Olguin to be U.S. District Judge for
Araceli_Martínez-Olguín
American judge (born 1987)
Judiciary. June 26, 2025. Retrieved June 26, 2025. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Whitney D. Hermandorfer to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the
Whitney_Hermandorfer
American judge (born 1979)
Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on her nomination. On June 16, 2022, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 52–43 vote
Ana_de_Alba
Proposed college sports regulation bill
June 18, 2026. On September 15, 2026 the Senate voted 74-24 to invoke cloture with a final vote on passage anticipated for sometime in September, 2026
Protect College Sports Act of 2026
Protect_College_Sports_Act_of_2026
American judge (born 1974)
(2025-2026)". www.congress.gov. June 22, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Michael J. Hendershot to be U.S. District Judge for the
Michael_Hendershot
Law enacted by the United States Congress
bill, a revised version needed to pass the Senate again, but failed a cloture vote 55–42 on July 27, 2022, after 25 Republicans flipped their votes.
Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022
Bipartisan group of US Senators
twelve could both forestall the "nuclear option" and enable cloture on nominees. A cloture vote on the nomination of Priscilla Owen was scheduled for Tuesday
Gang_of_14
Election reform and anti-corruption bill in the 117th Congress
blocked it with a filibuster, as it lacked the 60 votes needed to invoke cloture after a party-line vote. Some Senate Democrats expressed support for abolishing
For_the_People_Act
American federal judge (born 1963)
Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on the nomination. On June 9, 2014, The United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 52–32 vote
M._Hannah_Lauck
American judge (born 1968)
January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 18, 2024. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Melissa Damian to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern
Melissa_Damian
American judge (born 1966)
2014 by a voice vote. Cloture was filed on her nomination on May 6, 2014. On May 8, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on Rosenbaum’s nomination
Robin_S._Rosenbaum
Longest solo Senate speech intended to stall legislation
speaking would end a senator's speech. A filibuster can also be ended by a cloture vote, which requires a certain percentage of senators to agree that a speech
Strom Thurmond filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1957
Strom_Thurmond_filibuster_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957
American judge (born 1970)
December 12, 2024. Retrieved December 12, 2024. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Serena Raquel Murillo to be U.S. District Judge for the
Serena_Murillo
American federal judge (born 1971)
Leader Harry Reid filed a motion to invoke cloture on the nomination. On December 16, 2014, Reid withdrew his cloture motion on Mehta's nomination, and the
Amit_Mehta
American judge (born 1981)
Department's inspector general. On July 24, 2025, the U.S. Senate invoked cloture on his nomination in a 50–48 vote, and on July 29, 2025 voted to confirm
Emil_Bove
American judge (born 1976)
November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Sarah Morgan Davenport to be U.S. District Judge for the
Sarah_M._Davenport
American judge (born 1982)
(2025-2026)". www.congress.gov. June 23, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: John George Edward Marck to be U.S. District Judge for
John_Marck
American diplomat
reported the nomination favorably on September 17, 2025. The Senate invoked cloture and confirmed his nomination on October 6, 2025, by a 50–45 vote. During
Michel_Issa
American judge (born 1965)
Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on his nomination. Later that day, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 54–39 vote
Gustavo_Gelpí
American judge (born 1983)
October 9, 2025. Retrieved December 4, 2025. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Lindsey Ann Freeman to be U.S. District Judge for the
Lindsey_Freeman
American judge (born 1957)
senators recorded as “no”. Cloture was filed on his nomination on May 6, 2014. On May 8, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by
James_D._Peterson
American judge (born 1971)
Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on her nomination. On October 6, 2021, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 53–47 vote
Sarah_A._L._Merriam
Football league season
is split into two tournaments—the Série de Ouverture and the Série de Clôture—each with identical formats and each contested by the same 15 teams. The
2011_Ligue_Haïtienne_season
American judge (born 1969)
Leader Harry Reid filed a motion to invoke cloture on the nomination. On December 16, 2014, Reid withdrew his cloture motion on Gilliam Jr.'s nomination, and
Haywood_Gilliam
American judge (born 1981)
(PDF). www.judiciary.senate.gov. October 9, 2025. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Susan Courtwright Rodriguez to be U.S. District Judge
Susan_C._Rodriguez
American judge (born 1957)
Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on the nomination. On June 3, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 59–35 vote
Bruce_Howe_Hendricks
American judge (born 1967)
Reid filed a motion to invoke cloture on the nomination. On Wednesday, May 21, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 52–43
David_J._Barron
American judge (born 1982)
Judiciary. July 16, 2026. Retrieved August 20, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Antonio M. Pozos to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern
Antonio_Pozos
American judge (born 1985)
EXECUTIVE BUSINESS MEETING" (PDF). March 5, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Andrew B. Davis to be U.S. District Judge for the Western
Andrew_B._Davis
American judge (born 1979)
– October 17, 2019, Senate Judiciary Committee "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Lee Philip Rudofsky to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern
Lee_Rudofsky
American judge (born 1961)
Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on the nomination. On June 9, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 52–33 vote
Leo_T._Sorokin
American judge (born 1975)
Committee on the Judiciary. Retrieved June 9, 2022. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Nancy L. Maldonado to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern
Nancy_L._Maldonado
American judge (born 1983)
September 11, 2025. Retrieved December 17, 2025. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Joshua D. Dunlap to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the First
Joshua_Dunlap
American judge (born 1967)
on the Judiciary. Retrieved December 3, 2021. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Jennifer L. Thurston to be U.S. District Judge for the
Jennifer_L._Thurston
American judge (born 1971)
(2025-2026)". www.congress.gov. May 14, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Evan Rikhye to be Judge for the District Court of the
Evan_Rikhye
American judge (born 1981)
out of committee by a 12–10 vote. On April 9, 2019, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 53–46 vote. He was confirmed later that day by a
Patrick_Wyrick
American lawyer and government official
committee advanced the nomination on April 9, 2025, along party lines. Cloture was invoked on May 14, and the full Senate confirmed Donahue on May 15
Sean_Donahue
French physician (1722–1776)
especially the Montpellier vitalism. His pupils included Louis Lépecq de La Clôture. 1754: Aquitaniae minerales aquae, Paris, Quillau, 1754. Correspondance
Théophile_de_Bordeu
American judge (born 1970)
Republicans in the U.S. Senate. On May 19, 2011, the Senate failed to invoke cloture on Liu's nomination with the necessary supermajority in a 52–43 vote, and
Goodwin_Liu
American diplomat
Committee. April 2, 2025. Retrieved April 30, 2025. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Ronald Johnson to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Ronald_D._Johnson
Venezuelan-American judge (born 1982)
– February 7, 2019, Senate Judiciary Committee "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Roy Kalman Altman, of Florida, to be U.S. District Judge
Roy_Altman
President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
The bill was eventually defeated in the Senate on June 28, 2007, when a cloture motion failed on a 46–53 vote. Bush expressed disappointment upon the defeat
George_W._Bush
American judge (born 1957)
reported out of committee by a 20–2 vote. On June 5, 2019, the Senate invoked cloture on Alston's nomination by a 74–19 vote. On June 10, 2019, his nomination
Rossie_D._Alston_Jr.
Parliamentary procedure permitted in the U.S. Senate
for consideration on the Senate floor without unanimous consent (unless cloture is invoked on the said motion). If the Senator provides notice privately
Senate_hold
American judge (born 1968)
reported out of committee. Cloture was filed on her nomination on May 6, 2014. On Thursday May 8, 2014 the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 54–42
Nancy_J._Rosenstengel
American federal judge (born 1963)
invoke cloture on Wilkins' nomination, seeking to end a filibuster of his nomination by Senate Republicans. The Senate failed to invoke cloture on November
Robert_L._Wilkins
American judge (born 1958)
by a 21–1 vote. On December 18, 2019, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 89–4 vote. On December 19, 2019, her nomination
Mary_Kay_Vyskocil
American politician and football coach (born 1954)
April 16, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2021. "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Motion to Proceed to S. 937)". United States
Tommy_Tuberville
American judge (born 1972)
Senate Committee on the Judiciary. March 5, 2026. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Christopher R. Wolfe to be U.S. District Judge for the
Chris_Wolfe
American judge (born 1967)
Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on her nomination. On November 17, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 66–29 vote
Eleanor_L._Ross
American judge (born 1975)
Judiciary. July 11, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2024. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Anne Hwang to be U.S. District Judge for the Central District
Anne_Hwang
French novelist, filmmaker, documentalist, and essayist
grand palindrome" Archived 5 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine in La clôture et autre poèmes, Hachette/Collection P.O.L., 1980 Biographies Georges Perec:
Georges_Perec
American federal judge (born 1979)
on the Judiciary. Retrieved February 9, 2023. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Arun Subramanian to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern
Arun_Subramanian
American judge (born 1966)
Committee on the Judiciary. Retrieved April 20, 2023. "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Robert Kirsch to be U.S. District Judge for the District
Robert_Kirsch_(judge)
2019 Canadian film
performance". Cult MTL, December 12, 2019. "Le documentaire Chaakapesh en clôture du 48e FNC". Le Journal de Montréal, September 16, 2019. Todd Lamirande
Chaakapesh
American judge (born 1968)
2021, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on Koh's nomination. On December 9, the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 51–38 vote. On December
Lucy_Koh
American politician and attorney (born 1942)
may speak for unlimited time unless a 60-person majority votes to invoke cloture, or end debate, and proceed to a final vote. Political scientists have
Mitch_McConnell
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance