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Erroneously seeing patterns in randomness
The clustering illusion is the tendency to erroneously consider the inevitable "streaks" or "clusters" arising in small samples from random distributions
Clustering_illusion
Tendency to perceive connections between unrelated things
"the tendency to find meaningful patterns in meaningless noise". A clustering illusion is a type of cognitive bias in which a person sees a pattern in a
Apophenia
American psychologist (born 1954)
early author in the clustering illusion, which is closely related to the "hot hand" fallacy, and is the tendency to see "clusters" of data in a random
Thomas_Gilovich
Statistical fallacy
statistics) and apophenia (in cognitive psychology). It is related to the clustering illusion, which is the tendency in human cognition to interpret patterns where
Texas_sharpshooter_fallacy
Fallacy of confusing precision with accuracy
decisions. The clustering illusion and the Texas sharpshooter fallacy may both be treated as relatives of precision bias. The clustering illusion refers to
Precision_bias
Belief that most incidents and events are directly connected to the number 23
Machine Principia Discordia, pg. 23 Robert Anton Wilson sees the clustering illusion everywhere, not just 23, Robert Anton Wilson Explains Everything
23_enigma
Phenomenon of clustered random events
asymptotically small and is distributed in a Poisson fashion. Burstiness Clustering illusion Texas sharpshooter fallacy Yang, Jennifer (30 January 2010). "Numbers
Poisson_clumping
Cognitive bias
sequences can seem too lumpy, and are thus dismissed as non-chance (clustering illusion). There are many proposed explanations for why people are susceptible
Hot_hand
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
selection algorithm Cluster-weighted modeling Clustering high-dimensional data Clustering illusion CoBoosting Cobweb (clustering) Cognitive computer Cognitive
Outline_of_machine_learning
Cognitive bias
without taking other considerations into effect. A related bias is the clustering illusion, in which people under-expect streaks or runs in small samples. Insensitivity
Insensitivity_to_sample_size
Perception of meaningful patterns or images in random or vague stimuli
skeptics believe causes people to believe that they have seen ghosts. Clustering illusion – Erroneously seeing patterns in randomness Conspiracy theory – Attributing
Pareidolia
Mistakenly drawing statistical inference from independent events
representativeness heuristic is also cited behind the related phenomenon of the clustering illusion, according to which people see streaks of random events as being
Gambler's_fallacy
Manipulation of objects without physical interaction, with one's mind
the human tendency to see patterns where none exist, called the clustering illusion, which believers are also more susceptible to. A 1952 study tested
Telekinesis
Quality of a numerical sequence of having no recognizable patterns
hypothesis testing Seven states of randomness TestU01 Mersenne Twister Clustering illusion Pi seems a good random number generator – but not always the best
Statistical_randomness
Inaccurately perceiving a relationship between two unrelated events
the class of 1994. Psychology portal Philosophy portal Apophenia Clustering illusion Cognitive bias Confirmation bias Cum hoc ergo propter hoc Observer
Illusory_correlation
conditional probabilities. Clustering illusion, the tendency to overestimate the importance of small runs, streaks, or clusters in large samples of random
List_of_cognitive_biases
Formal fallacy, aka Linda Problem
2 appears "representative" of a chance sequence (compare to the clustering illusion). A health survey was conducted in a representative sample of adult
Conjunction_fallacy
Hypothesized cycle-like phenomena in the modern world economy
their benefit is not applicable to all participants in a market. Clustering illusion Grand supercycle (Ralph Nelson Elliott's wave theory) Joshua S. Goldstein
Kondratiev_wave
2008 book by Ben Goldacre
confirmation bias, the availability heuristic, illusory superiority and the clustering illusion (the misperception of random data). It also discusses Solomon Asch's
Bad_Science_(Goldacre_book)
Israeli psychologist (1937–1996)
base rate fallacy conjunction fallacy framing behavioral finance clustering illusion loss aversion prospect theory cumulative prospect theory representativeness
Amos_Tversky
Security analysis methodology
Master of Financial Technical Analysis Chartered Market Technician Clustering illusion Financial signal processing List of financial market information
Technical_analysis
Phenomenon in statistics
alignments of 20 or more points. Apophenia Asterism (astronomy) Clustering illusion Coincidence Complete spatial randomness General position Pattern
Alignments_of_random_points
Pattern of similarities in human populations
clustering studies use data derived from populations that are geographically distinct and far apart from one another, which may present an illusion of
Human_genetic_clustering
Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
flawed studies, and cognitive biases (such as clustering illusion, availability error, confirmation bias, illusion of control, magical thinking, and the bias
Parapsychology
Perception of events' position in time
and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Some temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception. Pioneering
Time_perception
Perceptual illusion
demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual
McGurk_effect
Cluster dedicated operating system
systems provide a way of "breaking the illusion", having some node-specific files even in a single root. HP TruCluster provides a "context dependent symbolic
Single_system_image
Involuntary twitching while falling asleep
generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling". The causes of hypnic jerk are unclear and are being studied
Hypnic_jerk
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
1186/1745-6150-4-42. PMC 2781790. PMID 19906303. Weiss A (October 2015). "Lamarckian Illusions". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 30 (10): 566–568. Bibcode:2015TEcoE.
CRISPR
Lithograph print by M. C. Escher
While most two-dimensional artists use relative proportions to create an illusion of depth, Escher here and elsewhere uses conflicting proportions to create
Waterfall_(M._C._Escher)
Mental state of being in love
Xiaochu (2019-01-11). "Improving Relationships by Elevating Positive Illusion and the Underlying Psychological and Neural Mechanisms". Frontiers in Human
Romantic_love_(mental_state)
Data visualization technique
results of a cluster analysis by permuting the rows and the columns of a matrix to place similar values near each other according to the clustering. This idea
Heat_map
Dense musical chord
associated with the sound mass aesthetic, containing, "one of the largest clustering of individual pitches that has been written", Krzysztof Penderecki's Threnody
Tone_cluster
Fair location
Carnival rides such as the Ferris wheel and carousel Sideshows such as illusion shows, menageries, wax shows, and burlesque Traveling carnival Family entertainment
Midway_(fair)
Fear or uneasiness of objects with small, irregular shaped holes
nosebleeds, and emotional or visual discomfort (e.g., eyestrain, distortions, illusions.) Trypophobia may manifest also with reactions of fear, disgust or both
Trypophobia
role-playing Happy Ray Games Humble Games Unreleased Oct 8, 2020 Oct 8, 2020 Illusion of L'Phalcia Japanese role-playing Exe Create Kemco Jul 3, 2019 Jul 3,
List_of_Xbox_One_games_(A–L)
DNA-based genetic test
Bolnick DA, Duster T, Ossorio P, Tallbear K (July 2009). "Genetics. The illusive gold standard in genetic ancestry testing". Science. 325 (5936): 38–39
Genealogical_DNA_test
Thread used to produce an illusion
illusion is the Floating Bill. Invisible thread is available in stripped or unstripped form. In its unstripped form the thread is actually a cluster of
Invisible_thread
March 2024. An experimental study introduces a new cognitive fallacy, the "illusion of information adequacy". It suggests many "assume that the cross-section
2024_in_science
Jewel of Life July 18, 2009 (2009-07-18) Pokémon: Zoroark: Master of Illusions July 10, 2010 (2010-07-10) Pokémon the Movie: Black—Victini and Reshiram
List of films based on television programs
List_of_films_based_on_television_programs
Visual aura associated with migraine
arch, teichopsia, and teleopsia. Anomalous experiences Phosphene – Visual illusion Prasad, Sashank. "Visual Migraine" (PDF). Brigham and Women's Hospital
Scintillating_scotoma
Comics character
forms, fly, and generate energy discharges. Fantomex can create realistic illusions (which he calls this ability "misdirection"). This ability is based on
Fantomex
Open cluster in the constellation Taurus
Names. Retrieved 18 June 2026. Sigurðsson, Gísli (2022). "How Gylfi's Illusion Breathes Life into the Sky". Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift. 74: 231–246
Hyades_(star_cluster)
Visual ability to perceive the world in 3D
the illusion of depth. Photography utilizes size, environmental context, lighting, textural gradient, and other effects to capture the illusion of depth
Depth_perception
Intelligence in machines
Expectation–maximisation, one of the most popular algorithms in machine learning, allows clustering in the presence of unknown latent variables. Some form of deep neural
Artificial_intelligence
Psychology topic
D (May 2016). "Does Living in California Make People Happy? A Focusing Illusion in Judgments of Life Satisfaction". Psychological Science. 9 (5): 340–346
Well-being contributing factors
Well-being_contributing_factors
sermon at the Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle; the Auditory illusion of a voice recording of Yanny or Laurel divides the Internet; Dental care
List of The Weekly with Charlie Pickering episodes
List_of_The_Weekly_with_Charlie_Pickering_episodes
princess, and later queen, of the planet Orando. She has the power to create illusions. Sensor (Jeka Wynzorr) A snake-like alien who is based on Princess Projectra
List_of_fictional_princesses
Cosmological phenomenon
our local cluster. While weak, such effects considered cumulatively over billions of years could become significant, creating the illusion of cosmic acceleration
Accelerating expansion of the universe
Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe
Concept in cosmology
cluster center, and when these random motions are converted to redshifts, the cluster appears elongated. This creates a "finger of God"—the illusion of
Large-scale structure of the universe
Large-scale_structure_of_the_universe
2021–present reorganization of forces
27 seconds Col. Richard Hough (4 January 2018) Opinion: "Army's Basic Illusions Gone; Time For Futures Command" Breaking Defense.com Devon L. Suits, Army
Transformation of the United States Army
Transformation_of_the_United_States_Army
Conflict". The New York Times. Yulia Latynina (10 August 2011). "Independence Illusions". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Brian
Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War
Responsibility_for_the_Russo-Georgian_War
Suggested method of producing fusion power
1142/S0217984990000830. ISSN 0217-9849. Thomson, Elizabeth A. (13 May 1992). "Cluster Fusion Is Illusion PFC Physicists Find". MIT News. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cluster_impact_fusion
American government official and television personality (born 1980)
the speech as "extraordinarily blunt", with Hegseth assailing "gender illusions" and promoting a "warrior ethos". Hegseth announced raising physical fitness
Pete_Hegseth
it has to be on a very realistic basis. And not one that there's any illusions about his ambitions." McCain then stated that "Russian ambitions are to
International reaction to the Russo-Georgian War
International_reaction_to_the_Russo-Georgian_War
Kowaku/Aware/Sugure/Iroke/Miryoku/Genwaku/Guramā) allows her to create illusions that form from a mist-like substance that she emits from her mouth. Camie
List of My Hero Academia characters
List_of_My_Hero_Academia_characters
1970 film by Joseph Sargent
only under its absolute rule. Colossus informs Forbin that "freedom is an illusion", it was better for all that he dominated humanity than humans dominating
Colossus:_The_Forbin_Project
accused the South Ossetian side of "trying to create an illusion of serious escalation, an illusion of war." By 20:00 MSK, Badri Basishvili, Georgian member
Timeline of the Russo-Georgian War
Timeline_of_the_Russo-Georgian_War
Conversational software
Thus an illusion of understanding is generated, even though the processing involved has been merely superficial. ELIZA showed that such an illusion is surprisingly
Chatbot
Argentina-Chile sovereignty dispute between 1842 & 1881
Patagonia are not sustainable, and even if they were, we should have no illusions that that extension is anything other than primitive, uncultivable lands
East Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Strait of Magellan dispute
East_Patagonia,_Tierra_del_Fuego_and_Strait_of_Magellan_dispute
Military invasion led by the United States
inspectors, and the remainder were destroyed unilaterally by Iraq; the illusion of maintaining a WMD program and WMDs was maintained as a deterrent against
2003_invasion_of_Iraq
Study of senses and nervous system
form of body transfer illusion. The RHI is an illusion of vision, touch, and posture (proprioception), but a similar illusion can also be induced with
Multisensory_integration
Hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drug
effect (or "knowcebo" effect) caused by blinding failure may create an illusion of large effect sizes with psychedelics. Psychedelic microdosing is the
Psychedelic_drug
Esoteric beliefs in the Eastern world
positive ones. At the center Kongōsatta is the enlightened mind, and around it are the bodhisattvas representing the four human illusions, of non-duality.
Eastern_esotericism
Galaxy in the constellation Virgo
the speed of light. This phenomenon, called superluminal motion, is an illusion caused by the relativistic velocity of the jet. The time interval between
Messier_87
Metro station in Seongnam, South Korea
In a train that runs at 90 km/h, these light emitting bars create an illusion of animated picture frames. The system is called eTAS, which stands for
Pangyo_station
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
base look larger. These corner extensions help counter a common optical illusion seen in tall buildings with horizontal bands, whose taller floors would
Chrysler_Building
Grouping by physical or social qualities
samples continental groups, the clusters become continental, but if one had chosen other sampling patterns, the clustering would be different. Weiss and
Race_(human_categorization)
Hypothetical planets further than Neptune
the Solar System. Its gravitational effects could explain the peculiar clustering of orbits for a group of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs)—bodies
Planets_beyond_Neptune
American governmental official (1896–1974)
battlefields of Château-Thierry and Belleau Wood disabused him of any romantic illusions about the glory of warfare. Similarly, his exposure to effects of Communism
Lewis_Strauss
14.2 (1961): 187–209. Oron J. Hale, The Great Illusion, 1900–1914 (1971) pp. 5–6. Hale, The Great Illusion, 1900–1914 (1971) pp. 5–6. Proudman, Mark F.
Historiography of the British Empire
Historiography_of_the_British_Empire
Vandimion family refutes the use of magic during the skirmish as mere illusions to quell the suspicions of the bystanders. The harbor, ablaze in fire
List_of_Berserk_chapters
more effective intelligence gatherer. His electro-disrupter can cast illusions altering his physical placement and appearance for up to 6 minutes. Can
List of The Transformers characters
List_of_The_Transformers_characters
Canadian/German science-fiction television series
well as 3D and 2D computer animation, we have the thread with the AVID Illusion compositing package to put these pieces together. — Brian Howald, VFX Supervisor
Lexx
Chemical compound found in some species of mushrooms
effect (or "knowcebo" effect) caused by blinding failure may create an illusion of large effect sizes with psychedelics. Psilocybin has not received regulatory
Psilocybin
Interpretation of sensory information
Comprehensive set of optical illusions, presented by Michael Bach. Optical Illusions Examples of well-known optical illusions. The Epistemology of Perception
Perception
American right-wing to far-right populist political ideology
anthropologist Paul Stoller thinks Trump employed celebrity culture-glitz, illusion and fantasy to construct a shared alternate reality where lies become truth
Trumpism
Muscle car
replaced with a fixed "B" pillar, hidden behind the side glass to give an illusion of the hardtop. A convertible version was planned, but cancelled over concerns
Dodge_Challenger_(2008)
Mythical creature
teeth, even teeth that were concealed in the jaw. This can produce the illusion that the hair, nails, and teeth have grown. At a certain stage, the nails
Vampire
Step pyramid in the Mayan city of Chichen Itza in Tinúm, Mexico
series of triangular shadows against the northwest balustrade, creating the illusion of the feathered serpent "crawling" down the temple. To contemporary visitors
El_Castillo,_Chichen_Itza
2003–2011 conflict in Iraq
Denselow, James (25 October 2011). "The US departure from Iraq is an illusion". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Jaffe, Greg (18 December
Iraq_War
1999 film by the Wachowskis
between frames in sequence to get an illusion of orbiting the scene. Manex Visual Effects used a computer cluster running FreeBSD to render many of the
The_Matrix
1849–1850 novel by Charles Dickens
character and his absolute ignorance of any discipline. For love, the supreme illusion of youth, he tries to change it, to "form her mind", which leads him to
David_Copperfield
1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia
September 2016. "Lao PDR - Casualties and Victim Assistance". Landmine and Clustering Munition Monitor. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved
Vietnam_War
Software that manages computer hardware resources
resources; for example, virtual memory can provide a program with the illusion of nearly unlimited memory that exceeds the computer's actual memory. Operating
Operating_system
Journal of Mormon Thought. 31 (4). Brown Jr., Victor (1981). Human Intimacy: Illusion & Reality. Parliament Publishers. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9780884944416. This fashionable
LGBTQ rights and the LDS Church
LGBTQ_rights_and_the_LDS_Church
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
different distances, suggesting that the Cygnus Superbubble is likely an illusion. NGC 6826, the Blinking Planetary Nebula, is a planetary nebula with a
Cygnus_(constellation)
Dutch scientist (born 1958)
shared-data object model, which allows a group of computers to have the illusion that they share data objects in a common memory. Programs can operate on
Henri_Bal
British politician (1912–1998)
world how to live". He denounced the "manic exaltation of the American illusion" and compared it to the "American nightmare". Powell also disliked the
Enoch_Powell
Decade
invented an early stroboscopic device, the "phenakistiscope", which gives the illusion of a moving image. This invention was an important precursor to cinema
1830s
Mental disorder involving eccentricity and social isolation in afflicted individuals
They can have abnormal perceptional and sensory experiences such as illusions. For example, someone with StPD may perceive colors as lighter or darker
Schizotypal personality disorder
Schizotypal_personality_disorder
Feeding of infants/toddlers with breast milk
25 June 2018. Dinour LM, Bai YK (September 2016). "Breastfeeding: The Illusion of Choice". Women's Health Issues. 26 (5): 479–482. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2016
Breastfeeding
Grouping of English-speaking nations
union of English-speaking peoples, and I believe this to be a romantic illusion". In 2016, Nick Cohen wrote in an article titled "It's a Eurosceptic fantasy
Anglosphere
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
our local cluster. While weak, such effects considered cumulatively over billions of years could become significant, creating the illusion of cosmic acceleration
Dark_energy
Printing process
(frequency modulation) or both. This reproduction relies on a basic optical illusion: when the halftone dots are small, the human eye interprets the patterned
Halftone
Transparent variety of gypsum
across the fibers and polished on the ends, satin spar exhibits an optical illusion when placed on a printed or pictured surface: print and pictures appear
Selenite_(gypsum)
Mosaic in Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
varied, meant to create the illusion of space. This "shorthand" way of depicting a crowd is sometimes called a "head cluster". There is a hieratic abandonment
The Parting of Lot and Abraham
The_Parting_of_Lot_and_Abraham
Genus of lizards known as bearded dragons
The bearded dragon has also been shown to perceive illusion, specifically the Delboeuf illusion. In an experiment at the University of Padova, bearded
Pogona
Species of tropical fruit-bearing tree
large and black with a circular white spot at the base. This gives the illusion of an eye. The flesh has a musky, sweet taste, which can be compared to
Longan
Israeli communities built on land occupied in the 1967 Six-Day War
September 1978, ISBN 978-0-7146-3091-5, p. 82. Roberts, Adam, "Decline of Illusions: The Status of the Israeli-Occupied Territories over 21 Years" in International
Israeli_settlement
travel, tourism, insurance
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
Girl/Female
Tamil
Chitramaya | சிதà¯à®°à®®à®¾à®¯à®¾
Worldly illusion
Chitramaya | சிதà¯à®°à®®à®¾à®¯à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Anjanie | அநà¯à®œà®¨à¯€à®
Mother of Lord Hanuman, Illusion (Maya), Hotness
Anjanie | அநà¯à®œà®¨à¯€à®
Boy/Male
Hindu
Destroyer of all illusions
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Fearless; Fluttering
Girl/Female
Tamil
Mother of Lord Hanuman, Illusion (Maya), Hotness (Mother of Hanuman)
Girl/Female
Hindu
Peacock, Illusion
Girl/Female
Tamil
Triguna | தà¯à®°à®¿à®•à¯‚நா
Maya, Illusion, Goddess Durga
Triguna | தà¯à®°à®¿à®•à¯‚நா
Girl/Female
Tamil
Illusion
Girl/Female
Hindu
Maya, Illusion, Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shambari | ஷாமà¯à®ªà®°à¯€
Illusion
Shambari | ஷாமà¯à®ªà®°à¯€
Girl/Female
Indian
Mother of Lord Hanuman, Illusion (Maya), Hotness (Mother of Hanuman)
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sarvamayavibhanjana | ஸரà¯à®µà®®à®¾à®¯à®¾à®µà®¿à®ªà®¾à®¨à¯à®œà®¾à®¨à®¾
Destroyer of all illusions
Sarvamayavibhanjana | ஸரà¯à®µà®®à®¾à®¯à®¾à®µà®¿à®ªà®¾à®¨à¯à®œà®¾à®¨à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Devine illusion
Girl/Female
Tamil
Peacock, Illusion
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire)
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire) : nickname from the personal name Herod (Greek HÄ“rÅdÄ“s, apparently derived from hÄ“rÅs ‘hero’), borne by the king of Judea (died ad 4) who at the time of the birth of Christ ordered that all male children in Bethlehem should be slaughtered (Matthew 2: 16–18). In medieval mystery plays Herod was portrayed as a blustering tyrant, and the name was therefore given to someone one who had played the part, or who had an overbearing temper.English : variant of Harold (1 or 2).Greek : shortened form of Herodiadis, a patronymic from the classical personal name HÄ“rodiÅn. This was the name of a relative of St. Paul and an early Bishop of Patras, venerated in the Orthodox Church. HÄ“rodÄ“s ‘Herod’ is also found in Greek as a nickname for a violent man, but this is less likely to be the source of the surname.
Girl/Female
Indian
Mother of Lord Hanuman, Illusion (Maya), Hotness
Girl/Female
Tamil
Mother of Lord Hanuman, Illusion (Maya), Hotness
Girl/Female
Indian
Mother of Lord Hanuman, Illusion (Maya), Hotness
Girl/Female
Indian
Devine illusion
Girl/Female
Tamil
Peacock, Illusion
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
CLUSTERING ILLUSION
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