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Variance outlier test
Cochran's C {\displaystyle C} test, named after William G. Cochran, is a one-sided upper limit variance outlier statistical test . The C test is used
Cochran's_C_test
Statistical test
Gemmell Cochran. Cochran's Q test should not be confused with Cochran's C test, which is a variance outlier test. Put in simple technical terms, Cochran's Q
Cochran's_Q_test
Topics referred to by the same term
response variable. Cochran's C test, a variance outlier test. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cochran test. If an internal
Cochran_test
Topics referred to by the same term
response variable. Cochran's C test, a variance outlier test. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cochran's test. If an internal
Cochran's_test
Surname list
Forfarshire. The Cochrans are traditionally mainly a Western Lowlands family. Notable people with the surname include: Alexander Gilmore Cochran (1846–1928)
Cochran
Categorical data analysis trend
The Cochran–Armitage test for trend, named for William Cochran and Peter Armitage, is used in categorical data analysis when the aim is to assess for the
Cochran–Armitage test for trend
Cochran–Armitage_test_for_trend
Test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data
the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test (CMH) is a test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data. It allows an investigator to test the
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel_statistics
test that are robust to violations of normality are O'Brien's procedure, and the Brown–Forsythe test. Hartley's test is related to Cochran's C test in
Hartley's_test
British-American statistician
Cochran (15 July 1909 – 29 March 1980) was a prominent statistician. He was born in Scotland but spent most of his life in the United States. Cochran
William_Gemmell_Cochran
Statistical property
for grouped data F-test of equality of variances Cochran's C test Hartley's test Bartlett's test Levene's test Brown–Forsythe test Two or more normal
Homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity
Homoscedasticity_and_heteroscedasticity
Experiment methodology
A/B testing (also known as bucket testing, split-run testing or split testing) is a user-experience research method. A/B tests consist of a randomized
A/B_testing
American convicted murderer
Cochran Act. The bill mandates intensive care units to conduct C-peptide insulin tests for unconscious patients or those presenting with hypoglycemia
Natalie_Cochran
American aviator and businesswoman (1906–1980)
fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots 1985, the International Astronomical Union assigned the name Cochran to a large (100 km in diameter) crater
Jacqueline_Cochran
Statistical test comparing two probability distributions
In statistics, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (also K–S test or KS test) is a nonparametric test of the equality of continuous (or discontinuous, see Section
Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test
Statistical hypothesis test
exact test used in place of the 2 × 1 chi-squared test for goodness of fit, see binomial test. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel chi-squared test. McNemar's test, used
Chi-squared_test
Statistical test used on paired nominal data
( | b − c | − 1 ) 2 b + c . {\displaystyle \chi ^{2}={(|b-c|-1)^{2} \over b+c}.} The mid-P McNemar test (mid-p binomial test) is calculated by subtracting
McNemar's_test
Statistical hypothesis test
Student's t-test is a statistical test used to test whether the difference between the response of two groups is statistically significant or not. It
Student's_t-test
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. Originally, IQ was a
Intelligence_quotient
Statistical significance test
Fisher's exact test (also the Fisher–Irwin test) is a statistical significance test used in the analysis of contingency tables. Although in practice it
Fisher's_exact_test
Method of statistical inference
statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical
Statistical_hypothesis_test
Strategy) Coalescent theory Cochran's C test Cochran's Q test Cochran's theorem Cochran–Armitage test for trend Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics Cochrane–Orcutt
List_of_statistics_articles
tests are used to test the fit between a hypothesis and the data. Choosing the right statistical test is not a trivial task. The choice of the test depends
List_of_statistical_tests
Statistical test
the Cochran–Mantel–Haenzel test is a score test. Z test Chow test Sequential probability ratio test Sup-Wald test Student's t-test Welch's t-test Two-proportion
Wald_test
American hitman (1938–2007)
that McConaughey was conceived, and the two actors discussed taking a DNA test to be certain. On March 15, 2007, at the age of 68, Harrelson was found dead
Charles_Harrelson
Nonparametric test of the null hypothesis
U} test (also called the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW/MWU), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test) is a nonparametric statistical test of
Mann–Whitney_U_test
Statistical theorem in the analysis of variance
In statistics, Cochran's theorem, devised by William G. Cochran, is a theorem used to justify results relating to the probability distributions of statistics
Cochran's_theorem
variables. Bowker's test of symmetry Categorical distribution, general model Chi-squared test Cochran–Armitage test for trend Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics
List of analyses of categorical data
List_of_analyses_of_categorical_data
Evaluates how likely it is that any difference between data sets arose by chance
Pearson's chi-squared test or Pearson's χ 2 {\displaystyle \chi ^{2}} test is a statistical test applied to sets of categorical data to evaluate how likely
Pearson's_chi-squared_test
Statistical hypothesis test
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric rank test for statistical hypothesis testing used either to test the location of a population based
Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test
Statistical test
Mauchly's sphericity test or Mauchly's W is a statistical test used to validate a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was developed in
Mauchly's_sphericity_test
Statistical test based on the gradient of the likelihood function
distributions of score tests are generally unknown, they have an asymptotic χ2-distribution under the null hypothesis as first proved by C. R. Rao in 1948,
Score_test
Test of normality in frequentist statistics
Shapiro–Wilk test is a test of normality. It was published in 1965 by Samuel Sanford Shapiro and Martin Wilk. The Shapiro–Wilk test tests the null hypothesis
Shapiro–Wilk_test
Class of statistical tests
In statistics, normality tests are used to determine if a data set is well-modeled by a normal distribution and to compute how likely it is for a random
Normality_test
Statistical methods for comparing samples
The two-proportion Z-test (also called the two-sample proportion Z-test) is a statistical hypothesis test for assessing whether two groups differ in the
Two-proportion_Z-test
Technique in user-centered interaction design
Usability testing is a technique used in user-centered interaction design to evaluate a product by testing it on users. This can be seen as an irreplaceable
Usability_testing
Test used in statistics
Hartley's test and Bartlett's test. Goldfeld–Quandt test Levene's test Bartlett's test Brown–Forsythe test Snedecor, George W. and Cochran, William G
F-test of equality of variances
F-test_of_equality_of_variances
Statistical test that compares goodness of fit
likelihood-ratio test provides the decision rule as follows: If Λ > c {\displaystyle ~\Lambda >c~} , do not reject H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} ; If Λ < c {\displaystyle
Likelihood-ratio_test
Collection of statistical models
objective random-assignment is used to test the significance of the null hypothesis, following the ideas of C. S. Peirce and Ronald Fisher. This design-based
Analysis_of_variance
Method to detect presence of polysaccharides
The iodine–starch test is a chemical reaction that is used to test for the presence of starch or for iodine. The combination of starch and iodine is intensely
Iodine–starch_test
Statistical measure to determine how suited data is for factor analysis
= A B C D E 0.52 0.56 0.52 0.48 0.54 This shows that the data is not that suited to Factor Analysis. Box's M test Levene's test Bartlett's test "KMO and
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin_test
Non-parametric method for testing whether samples originate from the same distribution
The Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks, Kruskal–Wallis H {\displaystyle H} test (named after William Kruskal and W. Allen Wallis), or one-way ANOVA on ranks
Kruskal–Wallis_test
Metric for fit of statistical models
Anderson–Darling test Berk-Jones tests Shapiro–Wilk test Chi-squared test Akaike information criterion Hosmer–Lemeshow test Kuiper's test Kernelized Stein
Goodness_of_fit
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
predictive power. When the C method predicts p or n, the C′ method would predict n or p, respectively. In this manner, the C′ test would perform the best
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
1946 nuclear weapon tests at Bikini Atoll
maneuvered for control of the tests, Assistant Secretary of War Howard C. Peterson observed, "To the public, the test looms as one in which the future
Operation_Crossroads
Stereotype of Jews
perseverance in Jewish students. Cochran et al. say that Sephardic and Oriental Jews "do not have high average IQ test scores" compared to Ashkenazi, arguing
Ashkenazi_Jewish_intelligence
Statistical model validation technique
Cross-validation, sometimes called rotation estimation or out-of-sample testing, is any of various similar model validation techniques for assessing how
Cross-validation_(statistics)
Exact statistical hypothesis test
A permutation test (also called re-randomization test or shuffle test) is an exact statistical hypothesis test. A permutation test involves two or more
Permutation_test
Statistical test
test is a statistical test such that if the null hypothesis is true, then all assumptions made during the derivation of the distribution of the test statistic
Exact_test
Statistical test with teststatistic the number of signs of one type
The sign test is a statistical test for consistent differences between pairs of observations, such as the weight of subjects before and after treatment
Sign_test
Probability distribution and special case of gamma distribution
Likelihood-ratio test for nested models Log-rank test in survival analysis Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test for stratified contingency tables Wald test Score test It is
Chi-squared_distribution
Theory and technique of psychological measurement
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58562-218-4. OCLC 85885343. Ann C Silverlake (2016). Comprehending Test Manuals: A Guide and Workbook. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-97086-0
Psychometrics
Statistic for rank correlation
ordinal association between two measured quantities. A τ test is a non-parametric hypothesis test for statistical dependence based on the τ coefficient.
Kendall rank correlation coefficient
Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient
Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
largest k for which P ( k ) ≤ k m ⋅ c ( m ) α . {\displaystyle P_{(k)}\leq {\frac {k}{m\cdot c(m)}}\alpha .} If the tests are independent or positively correlated
False_discovery_rate
Statistical property of collections of time series data
Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). Peter C. B. Phillips and Sam Ouliaris (1990) show that residual-based unit root tests applied to the estimated cointegrating
Cointegration
British test pilot (1924–2001)
early test flight of the identical French prototype Concorde 001, commanded by André Turcat. Trubshaw and Turcat were both awarded the Iven C. Kincheloe
Brian_Trubshaw
Statistical test
A Z-test is any statistical test for which the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated by a normal distribution
Z-test
Statistical hypothesis test for forecasting
The Granger causality test is a statistical hypothesis test for determining whether one time series is useful in forecasting another, first proposed in
Granger_causality
Term in statistical hypothesis testing
using a given test in a given context. In typical use, it is a function of the specific test that is used (including the choice of test statistic and
Power_(statistics)
Statistical test
In statistics, the Jonckheere trend test (sometimes called the Jonckheere–Terpstra test) is a test for an ordered alternative hypothesis within an independent
Jonckheere's_trend_test
Nonparametric measure of rank correlation
S. C. (1977). "Tests of Equality of Dependent Correlation Coefficients". Biometrika. 64 (3): 645–647. doi:10.1093/biomet/64.3.645. Fieller, E. C.; Hartley
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Spearman's_rank_correlation_coefficient
Diagnostic test or benchmark
is the diagnostic test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions. It is the test against which new tests are compared to gauge
Gold_standard_(test)
Generalization of the one-dimensional normal distribution to higher dimensions
Friedman, J. H.; Rafsky, L. C. (1979). "Multivariate Generalizations of the Wald–Wolfowitz and Smirnov Two-Sample Tests". The Annals of Statistics. 7
Multivariate normal distribution
Multivariate_normal_distribution
Series of 1950s American nuclear tests
Operation Plumbbob was a series of nuclear tests that were conducted between May 28 and October 7, 1957, at the Nevada Test Site, following Project 57, and preceding
Operation_Plumbbob
Psychometric measurement scale
Cochran's Q test, or McNemar test are common statistical procedures used after this transformation. Non-parametric tests, such as chi-squared test, Mann–Whitney
Likert_scale
Series of 1950s US nuclear tests
intended to ensure that the bombs would not malfunction. However, the test named Coulomb-C which took place in 1957 on December 9 did malfunction. It resulted
Operation_Hardtack_I
American television writer and producer
Murphy described his concern about contracting HIV while at college, getting tested frequently even when celibate. Murphy has been married to photographer David
Ryan_Murphy_(producer)
1962 US nuclear test series
31 nuclear test explosions ("shots") with a 38.1 Mt (159 PJ) total yield conducted in 1962 by the United States in the Pacific. This test series was scheduled
Operation_Dominic
Durbin test is a non-parametric statistical test for balanced incomplete designs that reduces to the Friedman test in the case of a complete block design
Durbin_test
Statistical test
in situations where chi-squared tests were previously recommended. The general formula for test statistics of the G-test is G = 2 ∑ i O i ⋅ ln ( O i E
G-test
Normality test
Jarque–Bera test is a goodness-of-fit test of whether sample data have the skewness and kurtosis matching a normal distribution. The test is named after
Jarque–Bera_test
Theoretically optimal hypothesis test
In statistical hypothesis testing, a uniformly most powerful (UMP) test is a hypothesis test which has the greatest power 1 − β {\displaystyle 1-\beta
Uniformly_most_powerful_test
Nearest star to the Solar System
Alpha Centauri star system, being identified as component Alpha Centauri C, and is 2.18° southwest of the Alpha Centauri AB pair. It is currently 12
Proxima_Centauri
Weapons testing
Union's 1962 nuclear test series was a group of 78 nuclear tests conducted in 1962. These tests followed the Soviet Project K nuclear tests series and preceded
1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Rob (December 22, 2025). "Thrilling New Zombie Horror Movie 'This Is Not a Test' Sets Release Date With First Poster [Exclusive]". Collider. Retrieved December
List of American films of 2026
List_of_American_films_of_2026
Union's 1957 nuclear test series was a group of 16 nuclear tests conducted in 1957. These tests followed the 1956 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded
1957_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis in statistical hypothesis testing. A type II error, or a false negative, is the incorrect acceptance of a
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
Statistical measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon
So, d ~ = n c p n 1 n 2 n 1 + n 2 . {\displaystyle {\tilde {d}}={\frac {ncp}{\sqrt {\frac {n_{1}n_{2}}{n_{1}+n_{2}}}}}.} One-way ANOVA test applies noncentral
Effect_size
Dividing things between two categories
number of classes. Typical binary classification problems include: Medical testing to determine if a patient has a certain disease or not; Quality control
Binary_classification
Nonsensical diversionary legal defense
particularly attorney Johnnie Cochran's closing argument for the defense. In the episode, a fictionalized version of Cochran bases his argument on a false
Chewbacca_defense
Relative measure of dispersion expressed as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean
of size n is: c v ^ ∗ = ( 1 + 1 4 n ) c v ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {c_{\rm {v}}}}^{*}={\bigg (}1+{\frac {1}{4n}}{\bigg )}{\widehat {c_{\rm {v}}}}} Many
Coefficient_of_variation
Statistic of a given score
involved in the testing process. Percentile ranks are commonly used to clarify the interpretation of scores on standardized tests. For the test theory, the
Percentile_rank
Statistical interpretation with many tests
multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when many statistical tests are performed on the same dataset. Each test has its own chance of a Type
Multiple_comparisons_problem
Sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes dependability
methodology (UTE-C 80-811) is based on the physics of failures and supported by the analysis of test data, field returns and existing modelling. UTE-C 80–810 or
Reliability_engineering
Test statistic
In statistics, the Durbin–Watson statistic is a test statistic used to detect the presence of autocorrelation at lag 1 in the residuals (prediction errors)
Durbin–Watson_statistic
Statistical technique
test can test the association between a binary outcome and a continuous predictor while taking into account pairing. A Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test can
Conditional logistic regression
Conditional_logistic_regression
1961–1962 series of Soviet weaponry tests
nuclear test series (Russian: Операция «К», romanized: Operatsiya "Ka") was a group of five nuclear tests conducted in 1961–1962. These tests followed
Soviet Project K nuclear tests
Soviet_Project_K_nuclear_tests
Statistic which divides a data set into 100 parts and analyzes it as a percentage
and percentile ranks are often used in the reporting of test scores from norm-referenced tests, but, as just noted, they are not the same. For percentile
Percentile
Union's 1961 nuclear test series was a group of 57 nuclear tests conducted in 1961. These tests followed the 1958 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded
1961_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance
In statistics, sequential analysis or sequential hypothesis testing is statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance. Instead data
Sequential_analysis
Statistical estimator for ratio of means
survey work. The ratio estimates are asymmetrical so symmetrical tests such as the t test should not be used to generate confidence intervals. The bias is
Ratio_estimator
The Shapiro–Francia test is a statistical test for the normality of a population, based on sample data. It was introduced by S. S. Shapiro and R. S. Francia
Shapiro–Francia_test
Table that displays the frequency of variables
variety of statistical tests including Pearson's chi-squared test, the G-test, Fisher's exact test, Boschloo's test, and Barnard's test, provided the entries
Contingency_table
Statistical phenomenon
to consider when designing any scientific experiment, data analysis, or test, which intentionally selects the most extreme events - it indicates that
Regression_toward_the_mean
Estimator for quality of a statistical model
example of a hypothesis test, consider the t-test to compare the means of two normally-distributed populations. The input to the t-test comprises a random
Akaike_information_criterion
Union's 1958 nuclear test series was a group of 36 nuclear tests conducted in 1958. These tests followed the 1957 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded
1958_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Function of the observed sample results
In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed
P-value
390D. doi:10.1017/jpa.2026.10241. Paul, C. R. C.; Mao, Y. (2026). "Geographic bias in the fossil record: tests using Chinese early Paleozoic echinoderms"
2026_in_paleontology
Series of 1950s American nuclear tests
significant yield was expected from either, but the second, Coulomb-C, a surface test conducted on December 9, produced an unanticipated yield of 500 tons
Project_58/58A
Statistical method
c i ≥ c ¯ 0 if c i < c ¯ {\displaystyle x_{i}={\begin{cases}1{\text{ if }}c_{i}\geq {\bar {c}}\\0{\text{ if }}c_{i}<{\bar {c}}\end{cases}}} and c ¯
Regression discontinuity design
Regression_discontinuity_design
Measure of linear correlation
via the Correlation function, or (with the p-value) with CorrelationTest. The Boost C++ library via the correlation_coefficient function. Excel has an in-built
Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson_correlation_coefficient
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COCHRANS C-TEST
COCHRANS C-TEST
COCHRANS C-TEST
COCHRANS C-TEST
COCHRANS C-TEST
COCHRANS C-TEST
COCHRANS C-TEST
COCHRANS C-TEST
COCHRANS C-TEST
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